NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; de Heer, Brooke; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2020. @article{Pro2020bb, title = {A National Epidemiologic Profile of Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Supportive Childhood Relationships: Group Differences in Predicted Trends and Associations}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Brooke de Heer and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00696-4}, doi = {10.1007/s40615-019-00696-4}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores. |
Camplain, Ricky; Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela; Alvarez, Carolina; Wilson, Rebbecca; Perreira, Krista M; Castañeda, Sheila F; Merchant, Gina; Gellman, Marc D; Chambers, Earle C; Gallo, Linda C; Evenson, Kelly R ScienceDirect, 17 , 2020. @article{Camplain2020b, title = {The association of acculturation with accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Daniela Sotres-Alvarez and Carolina Alvarez and Rebbecca Wilson and Krista M. Perreira and Sheila F. Castañeda and Gina Merchant and Marc D. Gellman and Earle C. Chambers and Linda C. Gallo and Kelly R. Evenson }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101050}, doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.024}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-06}, journal = {ScienceDirect}, volume = {17}, abstract = {The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships. |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; Sabo, Samantha; Baldwin, Julie; Gilbert, Paul Substance abuse treatment in correctional versus non-correctional settings: Analysis of racial/ethnic and gender disparities Journal Article Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 12 (3), pp. 1-20, 2019. @article{Pro2019, title = {Substance abuse treatment in correctional versus non-correctional settings: Analysis of racial/ethnic and gender disparities}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Samantha Sabo and Julie Baldwin and Paul Gilbert}, url = {https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol12/iss3/1/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {Alcohol and drug abuse are widespread in the US. Substance abuse treatment services are effective, but utilization of services is low, particularly among African Americans, Hispanics, and women. Substance abuse is strongly associated with incarceration, and African Americans and Hispanics make up a disproportionate percentage of individuals with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal justice system. High treatment need, low treatment uptake, and the association between substance abuse and incarceration have led, in part, to correctional institutions filling the treatment gap by increasingly providing safety-net treatment services. We sought to better understand racial/ethnic and gender differences in determinants of treatment location (jail or prison versus non-correctional settings) among treatment-seeking adults.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alcohol and drug abuse are widespread in the US. Substance abuse treatment services are effective, but utilization of services is low, particularly among African Americans, Hispanics, and women. Substance abuse is strongly associated with incarceration, and African Americans and Hispanics make up a disproportionate percentage of individuals with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal justice system. High treatment need, low treatment uptake, and the association between substance abuse and incarceration have led, in part, to correctional institutions filling the treatment gap by increasingly providing safety-net treatment services. We sought to better understand racial/ethnic and gender differences in determinants of treatment location (jail or prison versus non-correctional settings) among treatment-seeking adults. |
Rock, Tommy; Camplain, Ricky; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Ingram, Jani C Traditional Sheep Consumption by Navajo People in Cameron, Arizona Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (21), pp. 1-13, 2019. @article{Rock2019, title = {Traditional Sheep Consumption by Navajo People in Cameron, Arizona}, author = {Tommy Rock and Ricky Camplain and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Jani C. Ingram}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16214195 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-30}, journal = { International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, number = {21}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {Over 500 abandoned uranium mines are located on the Navajo Reservation. Different pathways of environmental uranium exposure have been studied with respect to the Navajo people including water, soil, and plants; however, uranium exposure from traditional Navajo food, specifically mutton (sheep), has not been reported. This study focuses on mutton consumption in the small community of Cameron, Arizona, located in the southwestern region of the Navajo Nation and initiated after community members expressed concern with the uranium exposure of their sheep. Preliminary investigation into the presence of uranium in sheep raised near Cameron showed elevated uranium levels in the kidneys the sheep tested. The goal of this study is to investigate mutton consumption among the Navajo living in Cameron. Mutton is a traditional food of the Navajo, but consumption practices are not well documented. An important aspect of determining the extent of exposure through food consumption is to assess the frequency of consumption. The results of this study indicate the Cameron participants consume mutton most commonly at family gatherings or celebrations. The survey suggests that less mutton is consumed now compared to the past, and there is concern that contaminated mutton may change traditional ceremonies}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over 500 abandoned uranium mines are located on the Navajo Reservation. Different pathways of environmental uranium exposure have been studied with respect to the Navajo people including water, soil, and plants; however, uranium exposure from traditional Navajo food, specifically mutton (sheep), has not been reported. This study focuses on mutton consumption in the small community of Cameron, Arizona, located in the southwestern region of the Navajo Nation and initiated after community members expressed concern with the uranium exposure of their sheep. Preliminary investigation into the presence of uranium in sheep raised near Cameron showed elevated uranium levels in the kidneys the sheep tested. The goal of this study is to investigate mutton consumption among the Navajo living in Cameron. Mutton is a traditional food of the Navajo, but consumption practices are not well documented. An important aspect of determining the extent of exposure through food consumption is to assess the frequency of consumption. The results of this study indicate the Cameron participants consume mutton most commonly at family gatherings or celebrations. The survey suggests that less mutton is consumed now compared to the past, and there is concern that contaminated mutton may change traditional ceremonies |
Camplain, Ricky; Baldwin, Julie A; Warren, Meghan; Camplain, Carolyn Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue Journal Article Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16 (5), pp. 306-307, 2019. @article{Camplain2019, title = {Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Julie A Baldwin and Meghan Warren and Carolyn Camplain}, url = {https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/full/10.1123/jpah.2019-0055}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-05}, journal = {Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, pages = {306-307}, abstract = {Every year, approximately 12 million Americans cycle in and out of jail (ie, short-term facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial and/or sentenced to a term of less than 1 y).1 Although jails allow incarcerated individuals’ recreation time to engage in physical activity,2 it is not clear to what extent these opportunities are utilized. This potential lack of engagement in physical activity is concerning, especially as some of the benefits of physical activity are immediate and may improve the day-to-day life for those who are incarcerated. For example, a single bout of moderate to vigorous physical activity will reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, improve sleep and cognition, and reduce symptoms of anxiety symptoms and anger.3 Unfortunately, use of recreation time in the jail setting has not been described previously, thereby precluding an important area for policy intervention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Every year, approximately 12 million Americans cycle in and out of jail (ie, short-term facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial and/or sentenced to a term of less than 1 y).1 Although jails allow incarcerated individuals’ recreation time to engage in physical activity,2 it is not clear to what extent these opportunities are utilized. This potential lack of engagement in physical activity is concerning, especially as some of the benefits of physical activity are immediate and may improve the day-to-day life for those who are incarcerated. For example, a single bout of moderate to vigorous physical activity will reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, improve sleep and cognition, and reduce symptoms of anxiety symptoms and anger.3 Unfortunately, use of recreation time in the jail setting has not been described previously, thereby precluding an important area for policy intervention. |
Camplain, Ricky; Warren, Meghan; Baldwin, Julie; Camplain, Carolyn; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Trotter, Robert T Epidemiology of incarceration Characterizing jail incarceration for public health research Journal Article Epidemiology, 2019. @article{Camplain2019d, title = {Epidemiology of incarceration Characterizing jail incarceration for public health research}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Meghan Warren and Julie Baldwin and Carolyn Camplain and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Robert T Trotter}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/2019/07000/Epidemiology_of_Incarceration__Characterizing_Jail.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/EDE.0000000000001021}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-08}, journal = {Epidemiology}, abstract = {Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to re-incarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001-2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was 1 (Interquartile range (IQR) 1, 2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR 0, 5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR 1, 23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been re-incarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to re-incarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001-2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was 1 (Interquartile range (IQR) 1, 2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR 0, 5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR 1, 23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been re-incarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research. |
Valdez, Elizabeth Salerno; Sabo, Samantha; Butler, Matthew; Camplain, Ricky; Simpson, Rosi; Castro, Yara Perinatal Depression Symptom Prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico Border Journal Article Journal of Rural Mental Health, 43 (1), pp. 38-44, 2019. @article{Valdez2019, title = {Perinatal Depression Symptom Prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico Border}, author = {Elizabeth Salerno Valdez and Samantha Sabo and Matthew Butler and Ricky Camplain and Rosi Simpson and Yara Castro}, editor = {PhD James L. Werth}, url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-06780-004?doi=1}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Rural Mental Health}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {38-44}, abstract = {At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) |
Valdez, Elizabeth Salerno; Sabo, Samantha; Butler, Matthew; Camplain, Ricky; Simpson, Rosi; Castro, Yara Perinatal depression symptom prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico border Journal Article Journal of Rural Mental Health, 43 (1), pp. 38-44, 2019. @article{Valdez2019c, title = {Perinatal depression symptom prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico border}, author = {Elizabeth Salerno Valdez and Samantha Sabo and Matthew Butler and Ricky Camplain and Rosi Simpson and Yara Castro}, editor = {James L. Werth}, url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-06780-004?doi=1}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000107}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = { Journal of Rural Mental Health}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {38-44}, abstract = {At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) |
II, Robert Trotter T; Lininger, Monica R; Camplain, Ricky; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Camplain, Carolyn; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (11), 2018. @article{II2018b, title = {A Survey of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Converging Morbidities in a County Jail: A Cultural-Ecological Assessment of Health Conditions in Jail Populations}, author = {Robert Trotter T II and Monica R Lininger and Ricky Camplain and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Carolyn Camplain and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2500}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-08}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {15}, number = {11}, abstract = {The environmental health status of jail populations in the United States constitutes a significant public health threat for prisoners and the general population. The ecology of jails creates a dynamic condition in relation to general population health due to the concentrated potential exposure to infectious diseases, difficult access to treatment for chronic health conditions, interruption in continuity of care for serious behavioral health conditions, as well as on-going issues for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders. This paper reports on elements of a cross-sectional survey embedded in a parent project, “Health Disparities in Jail Populations.” The overall project includes a comprehensive secondary data analysis of the health status of county jail populations, along with primary data collection that includes a cross-sectional health and health care services survey of incarcerated individuals, coupled with collection of biological samples to investigate infectious disease characteristics of a county jail population. This paper reports on the primary results of the survey data collection that indicate that this is a population with complex and interacting co-morbidities, as well as significant health disparities compared to the general population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The environmental health status of jail populations in the United States constitutes a significant public health threat for prisoners and the general population. The ecology of jails creates a dynamic condition in relation to general population health due to the concentrated potential exposure to infectious diseases, difficult access to treatment for chronic health conditions, interruption in continuity of care for serious behavioral health conditions, as well as on-going issues for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders. This paper reports on elements of a cross-sectional survey embedded in a parent project, “Health Disparities in Jail Populations.” The overall project includes a comprehensive secondary data analysis of the health status of county jail populations, along with primary data collection that includes a cross-sectional health and health care services survey of incarcerated individuals, coupled with collection of biological samples to investigate infectious disease characteristics of a county jail population. This paper reports on the primary results of the survey data collection that indicate that this is a population with complex and interacting co-morbidities, as well as significant health disparities compared to the general population. |
II, Robert Trotter T; Camplain, Ricky; Eaves, Emery R; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Dmitrieva, Natalia O; Hepp, Crystal M; Warren, Meghan; Barrios, Brianna A; Pagel, Nicole; Mayer, Alyssa; Baldwin, Julie A Health Disparities and Converging Epidemics in Jail Populations: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study Journal Article JMIR Res Protoc, 7 (10), 2018. @article{II2018b, title = {Health Disparities and Converging Epidemics in Jail Populations: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study}, author = {Robert Trotter T II and Ricky Camplain and Emery R Eaves and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Natalia O Dmitrieva and Crystal M Hepp and Meghan Warren and Brianna A Barrios and Nicole Pagel and Alyssa Mayer and Julie A Baldwin}, editor = {Gunther Eysenbach and Nicola Kuter}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6231773/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, journal = {JMIR Res Protoc}, volume = {7}, number = {10}, abstract = {Background Incarcerated populations have increased in the last 20 years and >12 million individuals cycle in and out of jails each year. Previous research has predominately focused on the prison population. However, a substantial gap exists in understanding the health, well-being, and health care utilization patterns in jail populations. Objective This pilot study has 5 main objectives: (1) define recidivists of the jail system, individuals characterized by high incarceration rates; (2) describe and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of incarcerated individuals; (3) identify jail-associated health disparities; (4) estimate associations between incarceration and health; and (5) describe model patterns in health care and jail utilization. Methods The project has two processes—a secondary data analysis and primary data collection—which includes a cross-sectional health survey and biological sample collection to investigate infectious disease characteristics of the jail population. This protocol contains pilot elements in four areas: (1) instrument validity and reliability; (2) individual item assessment; (3) proof of concept of content and database accessibility; and (4) pilot test of the “honest broker” system. Secondary data analysis includes the analysis of 6 distinct databases, each covered by a formal memorandum of agreement between Northern Arizona University and the designated institution: (1) the Superior Court of Arizona Public Case Finder database; (2) North Country Health Care; (3) Health Choice Integrated Care; (4) Criminal Justice Information Services; (5) Correctional Electronic Medical Records; and (6) iLEADS. We will perform data integration processes using an automated honest broker design. We will administer a cross-sectional health survey, which includes questions about health status, health history, health care utilization, substance use practices, physical activity, adverse childhood events, and behavioral health, among 200 Coconino County Detention Facility inmates. Concurrent with the survey administration, we will collect Methicillin-resistant and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (samples from the nose) and dental microbiome (Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans samples from the mouth) from consenting participants. Results To date, we have permission to link data across acquired databases. We have initiated data transfer, protection, and initial assessment of the 6 secondary databases. Of 199 inmates consented and enrolled, we have permission from 97.0% (193/199) to access and link electronic medical and incarceration records to their survey responses, and 95.0% (189/199) of interviewed inmates have given nasal and buccal swabs for analysis of S. aureus and the dental microbiome. Conclusions This study is designed to increase the understanding of health needs and health care utilization patterns among jail populations, with a special emphasis on frequently incarcerated individuals. Our findings will help identify intervention points throughout the criminal justice and health care systems to improve health and reduce health disparities among jail inmates. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/10337}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Incarcerated populations have increased in the last 20 years and >12 million individuals cycle in and out of jails each year. Previous research has predominately focused on the prison population. However, a substantial gap exists in understanding the health, well-being, and health care utilization patterns in jail populations. Objective This pilot study has 5 main objectives: (1) define recidivists of the jail system, individuals characterized by high incarceration rates; (2) describe and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of incarcerated individuals; (3) identify jail-associated health disparities; (4) estimate associations between incarceration and health; and (5) describe model patterns in health care and jail utilization. Methods The project has two processes—a secondary data analysis and primary data collection—which includes a cross-sectional health survey and biological sample collection to investigate infectious disease characteristics of the jail population. This protocol contains pilot elements in four areas: (1) instrument validity and reliability; (2) individual item assessment; (3) proof of concept of content and database accessibility; and (4) pilot test of the “honest broker” system. Secondary data analysis includes the analysis of 6 distinct databases, each covered by a formal memorandum of agreement between Northern Arizona University and the designated institution: (1) the Superior Court of Arizona Public Case Finder database; (2) North Country Health Care; (3) Health Choice Integrated Care; (4) Criminal Justice Information Services; (5) Correctional Electronic Medical Records; and (6) iLEADS. We will perform data integration processes using an automated honest broker design. We will administer a cross-sectional health survey, which includes questions about health status, health history, health care utilization, substance use practices, physical activity, adverse childhood events, and behavioral health, among 200 Coconino County Detention Facility inmates. Concurrent with the survey administration, we will collect Methicillin-resistant and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (samples from the nose) and dental microbiome (Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans samples from the mouth) from consenting participants. Results To date, we have permission to link data across acquired databases. We have initiated data transfer, protection, and initial assessment of the 6 secondary databases. Of 199 inmates consented and enrolled, we have permission from 97.0% (193/199) to access and link electronic medical and incarceration records to their survey responses, and 95.0% (189/199) of interviewed inmates have given nasal and buccal swabs for analysis of S. aureus and the dental microbiome. Conclusions This study is designed to increase the understanding of health needs and health care utilization patterns among jail populations, with a special emphasis on frequently incarcerated individuals. Our findings will help identify intervention points throughout the criminal justice and health care systems to improve health and reduce health disparities among jail inmates. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/10337 |
Camplain, Ricky; Kucharska-Newton, Anna; Keyserling, Thomas C; Layton, Bradley J; Loehr, Laura; Heiss, Gerardo Incidence of Heart Failure Observed in Emergency Departments, Ambulatory Clinics, and Hospitals Journal Article The American Journal of Cardiology, 121 (1), pp. 1328-1335, 2018. @article{Camplain2018, title = {Incidence of Heart Failure Observed in Emergency Departments, Ambulatory Clinics, and Hospitals}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Anna Kucharska-Newton and Thomas C Keyserling and Bradley J Layton and Laura Loehr and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002914918302509?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.02.014}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, volume = {121}, number = {1}, pages = {1328-1335}, abstract = {Reports on the burden of heart failure (HF) have largely omitted HF diagnosed in outpatient settings. We quantified annual incidence rates ([IR] per 1,000 person years) of HF identified in ambulatory clinics, emergency departments (EDs), and during hospital stays in a national probability sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2014, by age and race/ethnicity. A 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries ages ≥65 years with continuous Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage was used to estimate annual IRs of HF identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Of the 681,487 beneficiaries with incident HF from 2008 to 2014, 283,451 (41%) presented in ambulatory clinics, 76,919 (11%) in EDs, and 321,117 (47%) in hospitals. Overall, incidence of HF in ambulatory clinics decreased from 2008 (IR 22.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.0, 22.4) to 2014 (IR 15.0, 95% CI 14.8, 15.1). Similarly, incidence of HF-related ED visits without an admission to the hospital decreased somewhat from 2008 (IR 5.5, 95% CI 5.4, 5.6) to 2012 (IR 4.2, 95% CI 4.1, 4.3) and stabilized from 2013 to 2014. Similar to previous reports, HF hospitalizations, both International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 428.x in the primary and any position, decreased over the study period. More than half of all new cases of HF in Medicare beneficiaries presented in an ambulatory clinic or ED. The overall incidence of HF decreased from 2008 to 2014, regardless of health-care setting. In conclusion, consideration of outpatient HF is warranted to better understand the burden of HF and its temporal trends.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Reports on the burden of heart failure (HF) have largely omitted HF diagnosed in outpatient settings. We quantified annual incidence rates ([IR] per 1,000 person years) of HF identified in ambulatory clinics, emergency departments (EDs), and during hospital stays in a national probability sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2014, by age and race/ethnicity. A 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries ages ≥65 years with continuous Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage was used to estimate annual IRs of HF identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Of the 681,487 beneficiaries with incident HF from 2008 to 2014, 283,451 (41%) presented in ambulatory clinics, 76,919 (11%) in EDs, and 321,117 (47%) in hospitals. Overall, incidence of HF in ambulatory clinics decreased from 2008 (IR 22.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.0, 22.4) to 2014 (IR 15.0, 95% CI 14.8, 15.1). Similarly, incidence of HF-related ED visits without an admission to the hospital decreased somewhat from 2008 (IR 5.5, 95% CI 5.4, 5.6) to 2012 (IR 4.2, 95% CI 4.1, 4.3) and stabilized from 2013 to 2014. Similar to previous reports, HF hospitalizations, both International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 428.x in the primary and any position, decreased over the study period. More than half of all new cases of HF in Medicare beneficiaries presented in an ambulatory clinic or ED. The overall incidence of HF decreased from 2008 to 2014, regardless of health-care setting. In conclusion, consideration of outpatient HF is warranted to better understand the burden of HF and its temporal trends. |
Camplain, Ricky; Kucharska-Newton, Anna; Loehr, Laura; Keyserling, Thomas C; Layton, Bradley J; Wruck, Lisa; Folsom, Aaron R; Bertoni, Alain G; Heiss, Gerardo Accuracy of Self-Reported Heart Failure. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Journal Article Journal of Cardiac Failure, 23 (11), pp. 802-808, 2017. @article{Camplain2017b, title = {Accuracy of Self-Reported Heart Failure. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Anna Kucharska-Newton and Laura Loehr and Thomas C Keyserling and Bradley J Layton and Lisa Wruck and Aaron R Folsom and Alain G Bertoni and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893677}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-01}, journal = {Journal of Cardiac Failure}, volume = {23}, number = {11}, pages = {802-808}, abstract = {Objective The aim of this work was to estimate agreement of self-reported heart failure (HF) with physician-diagnosed HF and compare the prevalence of HF according to method of ascertainment. Methods and Results ARIC cohort members (60–83 years of age) were asked annually whether a physician indicated that they have HF. For those self-reporting HF, physicians were asked to confirm their patients' HF status. Physician-diagnosed HF included surveillance of hospitalized HF and hospitalized and outpatient HF identified in administrative claims databases. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, kappa, prevalence and bias–adjusted kappa (PABAK), and prevalence. Compared with physician-diagnosed HF, sensitivity of self-report was low (28%–38%) and specificity was high (96%–97%). Agreement was poor (kappa 0.32–0.39) and increased when adjusted for prevalence and bias (PABAK 0.73–0.83). Prevalence of HF measured by self-report (9.0%), ARIC-classified hospitalizations (11.2%), and administrative hospitalization claims (12.7%) were similar. When outpatient HF claims were included, prevalence of HF increased to 18.6%. Conclusions For accurate estimates HF burden, self-reports of HF are best confirmed by means of appropriate diagnostic tests or medical records. Our results highlight the need for improved awareness and understanding of HF by patients, because accurate patient awareness of the diagnosis may enhance management of this common condition.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective The aim of this work was to estimate agreement of self-reported heart failure (HF) with physician-diagnosed HF and compare the prevalence of HF according to method of ascertainment. Methods and Results ARIC cohort members (60–83 years of age) were asked annually whether a physician indicated that they have HF. For those self-reporting HF, physicians were asked to confirm their patients' HF status. Physician-diagnosed HF included surveillance of hospitalized HF and hospitalized and outpatient HF identified in administrative claims databases. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, kappa, prevalence and bias–adjusted kappa (PABAK), and prevalence. Compared with physician-diagnosed HF, sensitivity of self-report was low (28%–38%) and specificity was high (96%–97%). Agreement was poor (kappa 0.32–0.39) and increased when adjusted for prevalence and bias (PABAK 0.73–0.83). Prevalence of HF measured by self-report (9.0%), ARIC-classified hospitalizations (11.2%), and administrative hospitalization claims (12.7%) were similar. When outpatient HF claims were included, prevalence of HF increased to 18.6%. Conclusions For accurate estimates HF burden, self-reports of HF are best confirmed by means of appropriate diagnostic tests or medical records. Our results highlight the need for improved awareness and understanding of HF by patients, because accurate patient awareness of the diagnosis may enhance management of this common condition. |
Camplain, Ricky; Kucharska-Newton, Anna; Loehr, Laura; Keyserling, Thomas C; Layton, Bradley J; Wruck, Lisa; Folsom, Aaron R; Bertoni, Alain G; Heiss, Gerardo Accuracy of self-reported heart failure. The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study Journal Article Journal of Cardiac Failure, 23 (11), pp. 802-808, 2017. @article{Camplain2017c, title = {Accuracy of self-reported heart failure. The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Anna Kucharska-Newton and Laura Loehr and Thomas C Keyserling and Bradley J Layton and Lisa Wruck and Aaron R Folsom and Alain G Bertoni and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071916417311673?via%3Dihub}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-01}, journal = {Journal of Cardiac Failure}, volume = {23}, number = {11}, pages = {802-808}, abstract = {Objective The aim of this work was to estimate agreement of self-reported heart failure (HF) with physician-diagnosed HF and compare the prevalence of HF according to method of ascertainment. Methods and Results ARIC cohort members (60–83 years of age) were asked annually whether a physician indicated that they have HF. For those self-reporting HF, physicians were asked to confirm their patients' HF status. Physician-diagnosed HF included surveillance of hospitalized HF and hospitalized and outpatient HF identified in administrative claims databases. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, kappa, prevalence and bias–adjusted kappa (PABAK), and prevalence. Compared with physician-diagnosed HF, sensitivity of self-report was low (28%–38%) and specificity was high (96%–97%). Agreement was poor (kappa 0.32–0.39) and increased when adjusted for prevalence and bias (PABAK 0.73–0.83). Prevalence of HF measured by self-report (9.0%), ARIC-classified hospitalizations (11.2%), and administrative hospitalization claims (12.7%) were similar. When outpatient HF claims were included, prevalence of HF increased to 18.6%. Conclusions For accurate estimates HF burden, self-reports of HF are best confirmed by means of appropriate diagnostic tests or medical records. Our results highlight the need for improved awareness and understanding of HF by patients, because accurate patient awareness of the diagnosis may enhance management of this common condition.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective The aim of this work was to estimate agreement of self-reported heart failure (HF) with physician-diagnosed HF and compare the prevalence of HF according to method of ascertainment. Methods and Results ARIC cohort members (60–83 years of age) were asked annually whether a physician indicated that they have HF. For those self-reporting HF, physicians were asked to confirm their patients' HF status. Physician-diagnosed HF included surveillance of hospitalized HF and hospitalized and outpatient HF identified in administrative claims databases. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, kappa, prevalence and bias–adjusted kappa (PABAK), and prevalence. Compared with physician-diagnosed HF, sensitivity of self-report was low (28%–38%) and specificity was high (96%–97%). Agreement was poor (kappa 0.32–0.39) and increased when adjusted for prevalence and bias (PABAK 0.73–0.83). Prevalence of HF measured by self-report (9.0%), ARIC-classified hospitalizations (11.2%), and administrative hospitalization claims (12.7%) were similar. When outpatient HF claims were included, prevalence of HF increased to 18.6%. Conclusions For accurate estimates HF burden, self-reports of HF are best confirmed by means of appropriate diagnostic tests or medical records. Our results highlight the need for improved awareness and understanding of HF by patients, because accurate patient awareness of the diagnosis may enhance management of this common condition. |
Camplain, Ricky; Kucharska-Newton, Anna; Cuthbertson, Carmen C; Wright, Jacqueline D; Alonso, Alvaro; Heiss, Gerardo Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 26 (4), pp. 421-428, 2017. @article{Camplain2017c, title = {Misclassification of incident hospitalized and outpatient heart failure in administrative claims data: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Anna Kucharska-Newton and Carmen C Cuthbertson and Jacqueline D Wright and Alvaro Alonso and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.4162/abstract;jsessionid=84471AF98391D8C41703CB2E376B34F1.f04t01}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-25}, journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {421-428}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the length of the look-back period on misclassification of heart failure (HF) incidence in Medicare claims available for participants of a population-based cohort. METHODS: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants with ≥3 years of continuous fee-for-service Medicare enrollment from 2000 to 2012 was assigned an index date 36 months after enrollment separating the time-in-observation period into the look-back and the incidence periods. Incident HF events were identified using ICD-9-CM code algorithms as the first observed hospitalization claim or the second of two HF outpatient claims occurring within 12 months. Using 36 months as a referent, the look-back period was reduced by 6-month increments. For each look-back period, we calculated the incidence rate, percent of prevalent HF events misclassified as incident, and loss in sample size. RESULTS: We identified 9568 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at risk for HF. For hospitalized and outpatient HF, the number of events misclassified as incident increased, and the total number of incident events decreased with increased length of the look-back period. The incident rate (per 1000 person years) decreased with increased length of the look-back period from 6 to 36 months and had a greater impact on outpatient HF; for example, from 11.2 to 10.6 for ICD-9-CM 428.xx hospitalization in the primary position and 10.5 to 7.9 for outpatient HF. CONCLUSION: Our estimates can be used to optimize trade-offs between the degree of misclassification and number of events in the estimation of incident HF from administrative claims data, as pertinent to different study questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the length of the look-back period on misclassification of heart failure (HF) incidence in Medicare claims available for participants of a population-based cohort. METHODS: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants with ≥3 years of continuous fee-for-service Medicare enrollment from 2000 to 2012 was assigned an index date 36 months after enrollment separating the time-in-observation period into the look-back and the incidence periods. Incident HF events were identified using ICD-9-CM code algorithms as the first observed hospitalization claim or the second of two HF outpatient claims occurring within 12 months. Using 36 months as a referent, the look-back period was reduced by 6-month increments. For each look-back period, we calculated the incidence rate, percent of prevalent HF events misclassified as incident, and loss in sample size. RESULTS: We identified 9568 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at risk for HF. For hospitalized and outpatient HF, the number of events misclassified as incident increased, and the total number of incident events decreased with increased length of the look-back period. The incident rate (per 1000 person years) decreased with increased length of the look-back period from 6 to 36 months and had a greater impact on outpatient HF; for example, from 11.2 to 10.6 for ICD-9-CM 428.xx hospitalization in the primary position and 10.5 to 7.9 for outpatient HF. CONCLUSION: Our estimates can be used to optimize trade-offs between the degree of misclassification and number of events in the estimation of incident HF from administrative claims data, as pertinent to different study questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
Fleischhacker, Sheila; Roberts, Erica; Camplain, Ricky; Evenson, Kelly R; Gittelsohn, Joel Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 3 (4), pp. 608-624, 2016. @article{Fleischhacker2016, title = {Promoting Physical Activity Among Native American Youth: a Systematic Review of the Methodology and Current Evidence of Physical Activity Interventions and Community-wide Initiatives}, author = {Sheila Fleischhacker and Erica Roberts and Ricky Camplain and Kelly R Evenson and Joel Gittelsohn}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40615-015-0180-1}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-01}, journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {608-624}, abstract = {Promoting physical activity using environmental, policy, and systems approaches could potentially address persistent health disparities faced by American Indian and Alaska Native children and adolescents. To address research gaps and help inform tribally led community changes that promote physical activity, this review examined the methodology and current evidence of physical activity interventions and community-wide initiatives among Native youth. A keyword-guided search was conducted in multiple databases to identify peer-reviewed research articles that reported on physical activity among Native youth. Ultimately, 20 unique interventions (described in 76 articles) and 13 unique community-wide initiatives (described in 16 articles) met the study criteria. Four interventions noted positive changes in knowledge and attitude relating to physical activity but none of the interventions examined reported statistically significant improvements on weight-related outcomes. Only six interventions reported implementing environmental, policy, and system approaches relating to promoting physical activity and generally only shared anecdotal information about the approaches tried. Using community-based participatory research or tribally driven research models strengthened the tribal-research partnerships and improved the cultural and contextual sensitivity of the intervention or community-wide initiative. Few interventions or community-wide initiatives examined multi-level, multi-sector interventions to promote physical activity among Native youth, families, and communities. More research is needed to measure and monitor physical activity within this understudied, high risk group. Future research could also focus on the unique authority and opportunity of tribal leaders and other key stakeholders to use environmental, policy, and systems approaches to raise a healthier generation of Native youth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Promoting physical activity using environmental, policy, and systems approaches could potentially address persistent health disparities faced by American Indian and Alaska Native children and adolescents. To address research gaps and help inform tribally led community changes that promote physical activity, this review examined the methodology and current evidence of physical activity interventions and community-wide initiatives among Native youth. A keyword-guided search was conducted in multiple databases to identify peer-reviewed research articles that reported on physical activity among Native youth. Ultimately, 20 unique interventions (described in 76 articles) and 13 unique community-wide initiatives (described in 16 articles) met the study criteria. Four interventions noted positive changes in knowledge and attitude relating to physical activity but none of the interventions examined reported statistically significant improvements on weight-related outcomes. Only six interventions reported implementing environmental, policy, and system approaches relating to promoting physical activity and generally only shared anecdotal information about the approaches tried. Using community-based participatory research or tribally driven research models strengthened the tribal-research partnerships and improved the cultural and contextual sensitivity of the intervention or community-wide initiative. Few interventions or community-wide initiatives examined multi-level, multi-sector interventions to promote physical activity among Native youth, families, and communities. More research is needed to measure and monitor physical activity within this understudied, high risk group. Future research could also focus on the unique authority and opportunity of tribal leaders and other key stakeholders to use environmental, policy, and systems approaches to raise a healthier generation of Native youth. |
Evenson, Kelly R; Brown, David R; Pearce, Emily; Camplain, Ricky; Jernigan, Jan; Epping, Jacqueline; Shepard, Dennis M; Dorn, Joan M Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners Journal Article Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 87 (2), pp. 207-213, 2016. @article{Evenson2016, title = {Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners}, author = {Kelly R Evenson and David R Brown and Emily Pearce and Ricky Camplain and Jan Jernigan and Jacqueline Epping and Dennis M Shepard and Joan M Dorn}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4946847/}, doi = {10.1080/02701367.2016.1146942}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, journal = {Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport}, volume = {87}, number = {2}, pages = {207-213}, abstract = {From 1996 to 2013, a 6-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners has been offered yearly in the United States. An evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of the course on building public health capacity for physical activity and on shaping the physical activity and public health careers of fellows since taking the courses. METHOD: An evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings and surveyed fellows. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2012, 410 fellows attended the course, and in 2013, 186 participated in the Web-based survey (56% response rate). The number of fellows attending the course ranged from 15 to 33 yearly. From 1996 to 2012, the course averaged 38 hr of instructional time that included topics on interventions and environment/policy work to increase physical activity, program evaluation, public health research, and health disparities. The course included consultations, collaborative work, and field-based experiences. Fellows who participated in the survey agreed that the course had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), met their expectations (96%), helped them with research/practice collaborations with other physical activity professionals (96%), assisted them in conducting higher-quality interventions/programs (95%), helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%), and had a positive impact on other work they did (91%). Following the course, 66% and 56% had further contact with faculty and other fellows, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners made important contributions toward building the capacity of physical activity and public health practitioners.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } From 1996 to 2013, a 6-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners has been offered yearly in the United States. An evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of the course on building public health capacity for physical activity and on shaping the physical activity and public health careers of fellows since taking the courses. METHOD: An evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings and surveyed fellows. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2012, 410 fellows attended the course, and in 2013, 186 participated in the Web-based survey (56% response rate). The number of fellows attending the course ranged from 15 to 33 yearly. From 1996 to 2012, the course averaged 38 hr of instructional time that included topics on interventions and environment/policy work to increase physical activity, program evaluation, public health research, and health disparities. The course included consultations, collaborative work, and field-based experiences. Fellows who participated in the survey agreed that the course had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), met their expectations (96%), helped them with research/practice collaborations with other physical activity professionals (96%), assisted them in conducting higher-quality interventions/programs (95%), helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%), and had a positive impact on other work they did (91%). Following the course, 66% and 56% had further contact with faculty and other fellows, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners made important contributions toward building the capacity of physical activity and public health practitioners. |
Meyer, Michelle L; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Patel, Mehul D; Camplain, Ricky; Couper, David; Cheng, Susan; Qunaibet, Ada Al; Poon, Anna K; Heiss, Gerardo Response to “Repeatability of Different Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements” Journal Article American Journal of Hypertension, 29 (7), pp. 890-890, 2016. @article{Meyer2016, title = {Response to “Repeatability of Different Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements”}, author = {Michelle L Meyer and Hirofumi Tanaka and Priya Palta and Mehul D Patel and Ricky Camplain and David Couper and Susan Cheng and Ada Al Qunaibet and Anna K Poon and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ajh/hpw051}, doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpw051}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-05-11}, journal = {American Journal of Hypertension}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {890-890}, abstract = {To the Editor: We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Papaioannou and colleagues 1 regarding our recently published article “Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” 2 Numerous methods are used to evaluate repeatability of measurements and those chosen are influenced by the study question. Our interest was to examine the sources of variability in repeated measures at 2 time points using the intraclass correlation coefficient and SE of measurement. Repeatability could also be evaluated using the SD of differences and Bland–Altman method. The latter relies on a visual evaluation of plots to assess bias and whether the magnitude of differences between pairs of measures varies across the range of the mean. Since we used 1 device to obtain all measurements, we cannot speak to measurement-specific bias (other than from the literature).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To the Editor: We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Papaioannou and colleagues 1 regarding our recently published article “Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” 2 Numerous methods are used to evaluate repeatability of measurements and those chosen are influenced by the study question. Our interest was to examine the sources of variability in repeated measures at 2 time points using the intraclass correlation coefficient and SE of measurement. Repeatability could also be evaluated using the SD of differences and Bland–Altman method. The latter relies on a visual evaluation of plots to assess bias and whether the magnitude of differences between pairs of measures varies across the range of the mean. Since we used 1 device to obtain all measurements, we cannot speak to measurement-specific bias (other than from the literature). |
Meyer, Michelle L; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Patel, Mehul D; Camplain, Ricky; Couper, David; Cheng, Susan; Qunaibet, Ada Al; Poon, Anna K; Heiss, Gerardo Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Journal Article American Journal of Hypertension, 29 (4), pp. 470-475, 2016. @article{Meyer2016b, title = {Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study}, author = {Michelle L Meyer and Hirofumi Tanaka and Priya Palta and Mehul D Patel and Ricky Camplain and David Couper and Susan Cheng and Ada Al Qunaibet and Anna K Poon and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850900/}, doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpv127}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-01}, journal = {American Journal of Hypertension}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {470-475}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness measures are emerging tools for risk assessment and stratification for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is an established measure of central arterial stiffness. Other measures of PWV include femoral-ankle (faPWV), a measure of peripheral stiffness, and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), a composite measure of central and peripheral stiffness. Repeatability of central, peripheral, and composite PWV measures has not been adequately examined or compared. METHODS Participants (n = 79; mean age 75.7 years; USA) from a repeatability study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study visit 5 (2011–2013) underwent 2 standardized visits, 4–8 weeks apart. Trained technicians obtained 2 PWV measurements at each visit using the VP-1000 Plus system. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SE of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC95; 95% confidence interval) and difference (MDD). RESULTS The ICCs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 0.70 (0.59, 0.81) for cfPWV, 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) for baPWV, and 0.69 (0.59, 0.79) for faPWV. The MDC95 between repeat measures within an individual was 411.0cm/s for cfPWV, 370.6cm/s for baPWV, and 301.4cm/s for faPWV. The MDD for 2 independent samples of 100 per group was 139.3cm/s for cfPWV, 172.3cm/s for baPWV, and 100.4cm/s for faPWV. CONCLUSIONS Repeatability was acceptable for all PWV measures in a multicenter, population-based study of older adults and supports its use in epidemiologic studies. Quantifying PWV measurement variation is critical for applications to risk assessment and stratification and eventual translation to clinical practice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness measures are emerging tools for risk assessment and stratification for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is an established measure of central arterial stiffness. Other measures of PWV include femoral-ankle (faPWV), a measure of peripheral stiffness, and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), a composite measure of central and peripheral stiffness. Repeatability of central, peripheral, and composite PWV measures has not been adequately examined or compared. METHODS Participants (n = 79; mean age 75.7 years; USA) from a repeatability study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study visit 5 (2011–2013) underwent 2 standardized visits, 4–8 weeks apart. Trained technicians obtained 2 PWV measurements at each visit using the VP-1000 Plus system. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SE of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC95; 95% confidence interval) and difference (MDD). RESULTS The ICCs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 0.70 (0.59, 0.81) for cfPWV, 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) for baPWV, and 0.69 (0.59, 0.79) for faPWV. The MDC95 between repeat measures within an individual was 411.0cm/s for cfPWV, 370.6cm/s for baPWV, and 301.4cm/s for faPWV. The MDD for 2 independent samples of 100 per group was 139.3cm/s for cfPWV, 172.3cm/s for baPWV, and 100.4cm/s for faPWV. CONCLUSIONS Repeatability was acceptable for all PWV measures in a multicenter, population-based study of older adults and supports its use in epidemiologic studies. Quantifying PWV measurement variation is critical for applications to risk assessment and stratification and eventual translation to clinical practice. |
Camplain, Ricky; Meyer, Michelle L; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Agarwal, Sunil K; Aguilar, David; Butler, Kenneth R; Heiss, Gerardo Smoking Behaviors and Arterial Stiffness Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Journal Article American Journal of Hypertension, 29 (11), pp. 1268-1275, 2015, ISBN: 0895-7061. @article{Camplain2015, title = {Smoking Behaviors and Arterial Stiffness Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Michelle L Meyer and Hirofumi Tanaka and Priya Palta and Sunil K Agarwal and David Aguilar and Kenneth R Butler and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ajh/hpv189}, doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpv189}, isbn = {0895-7061}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-10}, journal = {American Journal of Hypertension}, volume = {29}, number = {11}, pages = {1268-1275}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Though smoking is strongly associated with peripheral vascular disease and arteriosclerosis, smoking’s association with arterial stiffness has been inconsistent and mostly limited to a single arterial segment. We examined the relationship between smoking behaviors with arterial stiffness in multiple arterial segments among community dwelling older adults. METHODS The cross-sectional relationship between smoking behavior with carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) was examined in 5,002 men and women, separately, of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study. Brachial-ankle PWV was also assessed and presented in Supplementary Material. Heckman selection models were used to control for selective attrition and death in the ARIC cohort. RESULTS In women, faPWV was lower in current smokers compared to never smokers (−66.0cm/s; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −94.6, −37.4), and was 1.0cm/s lower (95% CI: −1.8, −0.2) for every additional year a woman smoked, after adjustment for confounders. Among women, cfPWV was not associated with smoking status or cigarette pack-years. Additionally, no associations of smoking status and cigarette pack-years with PWV were observed among men. Years since smoking cessation was not associated with PWV in either gender. CONCLUSION Both smoking status and cumulative smoking exposure were associated with lower peripheral arterial stiffness among women, but not among men. We did not observe an association between central arterial stiffness and smoking status in either gender. The profound and well-documented adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the vasculature may not include a sustained stiffening of the arteries measured at older age.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND Though smoking is strongly associated with peripheral vascular disease and arteriosclerosis, smoking’s association with arterial stiffness has been inconsistent and mostly limited to a single arterial segment. We examined the relationship between smoking behaviors with arterial stiffness in multiple arterial segments among community dwelling older adults. METHODS The cross-sectional relationship between smoking behavior with carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) was examined in 5,002 men and women, separately, of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study. Brachial-ankle PWV was also assessed and presented in Supplementary Material. Heckman selection models were used to control for selective attrition and death in the ARIC cohort. RESULTS In women, faPWV was lower in current smokers compared to never smokers (−66.0cm/s; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −94.6, −37.4), and was 1.0cm/s lower (95% CI: −1.8, −0.2) for every additional year a woman smoked, after adjustment for confounders. Among women, cfPWV was not associated with smoking status or cigarette pack-years. Additionally, no associations of smoking status and cigarette pack-years with PWV were observed among men. Years since smoking cessation was not associated with PWV in either gender. CONCLUSION Both smoking status and cumulative smoking exposure were associated with lower peripheral arterial stiffness among women, but not among men. We did not observe an association between central arterial stiffness and smoking status in either gender. The profound and well-documented adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the vasculature may not include a sustained stiffening of the arteries measured at older age. |
Evenson, Kelly R; Dorn, Joan M; Camplain, Ricky; Pate, Russell R; Brown, David R Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers Journal Article Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12 (8), pp. 1052-1060, 2015, ISBN: 1543-3080. @article{Evenson2015, title = {Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers}, author = {Kelly R Evenson and Joan M Dorn and Ricky Camplain and Russell R Pate and David R Brown}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4949596/}, doi = {10.1123/jpah.2014-0284}, isbn = {1543-3080}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, volume = {12}, number = {8}, pages = {1052-1060}, abstract = {Background Since 1995, an 8-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers has been offered yearly in the United States. Methods In 2013, an evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings, surveyed fellows on course impact, documented grant funding, and identified fellow participation on leading physical activity-related journals. Results The number of fellows that attended the course ranged from 20–35/year. Fellows who participated in the web survey (n=322) agreed that the course: met their expectations (99%), had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), and helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%). Following the course, 73% of fellows had further contact with course faculty and 71% had further contact with other fellows. From the National Institutes of Health, 117 grants were awarded to 82 fellows (21% of eligible fellows). Out of 14 journals reviewed, 11 had at least one fellow on their staff as editor, associate editor, or editorial board member. Conclusion The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers helps address a training need by providing instruction and building capacity in the US and abroad for conducting research on physical activity and public health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Since 1995, an 8-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers has been offered yearly in the United States. Methods In 2013, an evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings, surveyed fellows on course impact, documented grant funding, and identified fellow participation on leading physical activity-related journals. Results The number of fellows that attended the course ranged from 20–35/year. Fellows who participated in the web survey (n=322) agreed that the course: met their expectations (99%), had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), and helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%). Following the course, 73% of fellows had further contact with course faculty and 71% had further contact with other fellows. From the National Institutes of Health, 117 grants were awarded to 82 fellows (21% of eligible fellows). Out of 14 journals reviewed, 11 had at least one fellow on their staff as editor, associate editor, or editorial board member. Conclusion The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers helps address a training need by providing instruction and building capacity in the US and abroad for conducting research on physical activity and public health. |
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