NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Abdul-Chani, MM ; Moreno, CP ; Reeder, JA ; Zuckerman, KE ; Lindly, OJ Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation Journal Article Research in Developmental Disabilities, 115 , 2021. @article{Abdul-Chani2021, title = {Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation}, author = {Abdul-Chani, MM and Moreno, CP and Reeder, JA and Zuckerman, KE and Lindly, OJ}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-29}, journal = {Research in Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {115}, abstract = {Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities. |
s. Lane, Taylor; Sonderegger, Derek L; Holeva-Eklund, Whitney M; Brazendale, Keith; K.Behrens, Timothy; Howdeshell, Hiliary; Walka, Sherry; R.Cook, Jon; Heer, Hendrik D.de Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (5), pp. 658-665, 2021. @article{Lane2021, title = {Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study}, author = {Taylor s. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Whitney M. Holeva-Eklund and Keith Brazendale and Timothy K.Behrens and Hiliary Howdeshell and Sherry Walka and Jon R.Cook and Hendrik D.de Heer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, abstract = {Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children. |
Park, Daesik; Propper, Catherine R; Wang, Guangning; Salanga, Matthew C Ecotoxicology, 30 , pp. 711–718, 2021. @article{Park2021, title = {Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations}, author = {Daesik Park and Catherine R Propper and Guangning Wang and Matthew C Salanga}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8 }, doi = {10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-03}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {30}, pages = {711–718}, abstract = {Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures. |
Samtani, Grace; Bassford, Tamsen L; Williamson, Heather J; Armin, Julie S Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 59 (2), 2021. @article{Samtani2021, title = {Are Researchers Addressing Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the U.S.? A Scoping Review}, author = {Grace Samtani and Tamsen L. Bassford and Heather J. Williamson and Julie S. Armin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, abstract = {People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD. |
Ahlers, Kaitlyn P; Ayers, Kara B; Iadarola, Suzannah; Hughes, Rosemary B; Lee, Hyon Soo; Williamson, Heather J Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, 1 (2), 2021, ISBN: 2694-1104. @article{Ahlers2021, title = {Adapting Participatory Action Research to Include Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic}, author = {Kaitlyn P. Ahlers and Kara B. Ayers and Suzannah Iadarola and Rosemary B. Hughes and Hyon Soo Lee and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.26077/ec55-409c}, doi = {10.26077/ec55-409c}, isbn = {2694-1104}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Developmental Disabilities Network Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, abstract = {Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context. |
Mousavia, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Khadem, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202 , 2021, ISBN: 105959. @article{Mousavia2021, title = {ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals}, author = {Sajad Mousavia and Fatemeh Afghah and Fatemeh Khadem and U. Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, isbn = {105959}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, volume = {202}, abstract = {A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance. |
Evans, Linnea; Engelman, Michal; Mikulas, Alex; Malecki, Kristen How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review Journal Article Social Science & Medicine, 273 , 2021, ISBN: 113738. @article{Evans2021, title = {How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review}, author = {Linnea Evans and Michal Engelman and Alex Mikulas and Kristen Malecki}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, isbn = {113738}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {273}, abstract = {Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities. |
Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Hocking, Toby; Afghah, Fatemeh A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection Journal Article Computers in Biology and Medicine, 130 , 2021, ISBN: 104208. @article{Fotoohinasab2021, title = {A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection}, author = {Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Toby Hocking and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, isbn = {104208}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {130}, abstract = {The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Lee-Regalado, Morgan Hustead; Bacon, Rachel; Garcia, Evie Y; Dunn, Dorothy; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Julie A Family & Community Health, 2021. @article{McCarthy2021, title = {Development and Validation of a Community Assessment Survey for Diverse Rural Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Morgan Hustead Lee-Regalado and Rachel Bacon and Y. Evie Garcia and Dorothy Dunn and Heather J. Williamson and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/familyandcommunityhealth/Abstract/9000/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Community.99961.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/FCH.0000000000000297}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-23}, journal = {Family & Community Health}, abstract = {Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers. |
Yagüe, David Panisello; Mihaljevic, Joseph; Mbegbu, M; Wood, C V; Hepp, Crystal; Kyman, S; Hornstra, H; Trotter, Robert; Cope, Emily; Pearson, Talima Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures Journal Article Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2021. @article{Yagüe2021, title = {Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures}, author = {David Panisello Yagüe and Joseph Mihaljevic and M. Mbegbu and C.V. Wood and Crystal Hepp and S. Kyman and H. Hornstra and Robert Trotter and Emily Cope and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15023}, doi = {10.1111/jam.15023}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-05}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Stout, Nicole L; Maitin-Shepard, Melissa; Campbell, Anna; Schwartz, Anna L; Grimmett, Chloe; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A; Sokolof, Jonas M Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice Journal Article Cancer, 127 (3), pp. 476-484, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/cncr.33245. @article{Schmitz2021, title = {Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Nicole L Stout and Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Anna Campbell and Anna L Schwartz and Chloe Grimmett and Jeffrey A Meyerhardt and Jonas M Sokolof}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33245}, isbn = {10.1002/cncr.33245}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Cancer}, volume = {127}, number = {3}, pages = {476-484}, abstract = {International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029. |
Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky L; Camplain, Carolyn; Pro, George; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L; Hubach, Randolph D Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (2), pp. 213-221, 2021. @article{Giano2021, title = {Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations}, author = {Zachary Giano and Ricky L Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and George Pro and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler and Randolph D Hubach}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {213-221}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltan, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltan}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltani, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021b, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltani}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Ladner, Jason T; Henson, Sierra N; Boyle, Annalee S; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Fink, Zane W; Rahee, Fatima; D'ambrozio, Jonathan; Schaecher, Kurt E; Stone, Mars; Dong, Wenjuan; Dadwal, Sanjeet; Yu, Jianhua; Caligiuri, Michael A; Cieplak, Piotr; Bjørås, Magnar; Fenstad, Mona H; Nordbø, Svein A; Kainov, Denis E; Muranaka, Norihito; Chee, Mark S; Shiryaev, Sergey A; Altin, John A Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses Journal Article Cell Reports Medicine, 2 (1), 2021. @article{Ladner2021, title = {Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses}, author = {Jason T Ladner and Sierra N Henson and Annalee S Boyle and Anna L Engelbrektson and Zane W Fink and Fatima Rahee and Jonathan D'ambrozio and Kurt E Schaecher and Mars Stone and Wenjuan Dong and Sanjeet Dadwal and Jianhua Yu and Michael A Caligiuri and Piotr Cieplak and Magnar Bjørås and Mona H Fenstad and Svein A Nordbø and Denis E Kainov and Norihito Muranaka and Mark S Chee and Sergey A Shiryaev and John A Altin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-19}, journal = {Cell Reports Medicine}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses. |
Miller, Erin; Barragan, Veronica; Chiriboga, Jorge; Weddell, Chad; Luna, Ligia; Jiménez, Dulce J; Aleman, John; Mihaljevic, Joseph R; Olivas, Sonora; Marks, Jane; Izurieta, Ricardo; Nieto, Nathan; Keim, Paul; Trueba, Gabriel; Caporaso, Gregory J; Pearson, Talima Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (1), 2021. @article{Miller2021b, title = {Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador}, author = {Erin Miller and Veronica Barragan and Jorge Chiriboga and Chad Weddell and Ligia Luna and Dulce J Jiménez and John Aleman and Joseph R Mihaljevic and Sonora Olivas and Jane Marks and Ricardo Izurieta and Nathan Nieto and Paul Keim and Gabriel Trueba and J Gregory Caporaso and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, abstract = {Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Lane, Taylor S; Schwartz, Anna L; Wayment, Heidi A; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2), pp. 1-35, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021, title = {Mentoring new and early-stage investigators and underrepresented minority faculty for research success in health-related fields: An integrative literature review (2010-2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Taylor S. Lane and Anna L. Schwartz and Heidi A. Wayment and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020432}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18020432}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {1-35}, abstract = {Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented. |
Eaves, Emery R; Camplain, Ricky L; Lininger, Monica R; Trotter, Robert T Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2020, ISBN: 10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038. @article{Eaves2020b, title = {Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Ricky L. Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Robert T. Trotter}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, isbn = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-16}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming. |
Williamson, Heather J; McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Yolanda E; Bacon, Rachel; Dunn, Dorothy J; Baldwin, Julie A Public Policy & Aging Report, 20 (20), pp. 1–3, 2020. @article{Williamson2020c, title = {Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Michael J. McCarthy and Yolanda E. Garcia and Rachel Bacon and Dorothy J. Dunn and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/praa024}, doi = {10.1093/ppar/praa024}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-04}, journal = {Public Policy & Aging Report}, volume = {20}, number = {20}, pages = {1–3}, abstract = {More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD. |
Yazzie, Del; Tallis, Kristen; Curley, Caleigh; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Eddie, Regina; Behrens, Timothy K; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Ashley, Martin; Benally, Herbert John; Begay, Gloria Ann; Jumbo-Rintila, Shirleen; de Heer, Hendrik D The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease Journal Article Preventing Chronic Disease, 17 , 2020. @article{Yazzie2020, title = {The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease}, author = {Del Yazzie and Kristen Tallis and Caleigh Curley and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Regina Eddie and Timothy K. Behrens and Ramona Antone-Nez and Martin Ashley and Herbert John Benally and Gloria Ann Begay and Shirleen Jumbo-Rintila and Hendrik D. de Heer}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/pdf/20_0038.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-03}, journal = {Preventing Chronic Disease}, volume = {17}, abstract = {Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies. |
2021 |
Abdul-Chani, MM ; Moreno, CP ; Reeder, JA ; Zuckerman, KE ; Lindly, OJ Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation Journal Article Research in Developmental Disabilities, 115 , 2021. @article{Abdul-Chani2021, title = {Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation}, author = {Abdul-Chani, MM and Moreno, CP and Reeder, JA and Zuckerman, KE and Lindly, OJ}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-29}, journal = {Research in Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {115}, abstract = {Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities. |
s. Lane, Taylor; Sonderegger, Derek L; Holeva-Eklund, Whitney M; Brazendale, Keith; K.Behrens, Timothy; Howdeshell, Hiliary; Walka, Sherry; R.Cook, Jon; Heer, Hendrik D.de Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (5), pp. 658-665, 2021. @article{Lane2021, title = {Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study}, author = {Taylor s. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Whitney M. Holeva-Eklund and Keith Brazendale and Timothy K.Behrens and Hiliary Howdeshell and Sherry Walka and Jon R.Cook and Hendrik D.de Heer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, abstract = {Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children. |
Park, Daesik; Propper, Catherine R; Wang, Guangning; Salanga, Matthew C Ecotoxicology, 30 , pp. 711–718, 2021. @article{Park2021, title = {Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations}, author = {Daesik Park and Catherine R Propper and Guangning Wang and Matthew C Salanga}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8 }, doi = {10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-03}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {30}, pages = {711–718}, abstract = {Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures. |
Samtani, Grace; Bassford, Tamsen L; Williamson, Heather J; Armin, Julie S Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 59 (2), 2021. @article{Samtani2021, title = {Are Researchers Addressing Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the U.S.? A Scoping Review}, author = {Grace Samtani and Tamsen L. Bassford and Heather J. Williamson and Julie S. Armin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, abstract = {People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD. |
Ahlers, Kaitlyn P; Ayers, Kara B; Iadarola, Suzannah; Hughes, Rosemary B; Lee, Hyon Soo; Williamson, Heather J Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, 1 (2), 2021, ISBN: 2694-1104. @article{Ahlers2021, title = {Adapting Participatory Action Research to Include Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic}, author = {Kaitlyn P. Ahlers and Kara B. Ayers and Suzannah Iadarola and Rosemary B. Hughes and Hyon Soo Lee and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.26077/ec55-409c}, doi = {10.26077/ec55-409c}, isbn = {2694-1104}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Developmental Disabilities Network Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, abstract = {Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context. |
Mousavia, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Khadem, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202 , 2021, ISBN: 105959. @article{Mousavia2021, title = {ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals}, author = {Sajad Mousavia and Fatemeh Afghah and Fatemeh Khadem and U. Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, isbn = {105959}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, volume = {202}, abstract = {A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance. |
Evans, Linnea; Engelman, Michal; Mikulas, Alex; Malecki, Kristen How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review Journal Article Social Science & Medicine, 273 , 2021, ISBN: 113738. @article{Evans2021, title = {How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review}, author = {Linnea Evans and Michal Engelman and Alex Mikulas and Kristen Malecki}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, isbn = {113738}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {273}, abstract = {Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities. |
Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Hocking, Toby; Afghah, Fatemeh A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection Journal Article Computers in Biology and Medicine, 130 , 2021, ISBN: 104208. @article{Fotoohinasab2021, title = {A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection}, author = {Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Toby Hocking and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, isbn = {104208}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {130}, abstract = {The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Lee-Regalado, Morgan Hustead; Bacon, Rachel; Garcia, Evie Y; Dunn, Dorothy; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Julie A Family & Community Health, 2021. @article{McCarthy2021, title = {Development and Validation of a Community Assessment Survey for Diverse Rural Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Morgan Hustead Lee-Regalado and Rachel Bacon and Y. Evie Garcia and Dorothy Dunn and Heather J. Williamson and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/familyandcommunityhealth/Abstract/9000/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Community.99961.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/FCH.0000000000000297}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-23}, journal = {Family & Community Health}, abstract = {Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers. |
Yagüe, David Panisello; Mihaljevic, Joseph; Mbegbu, M; Wood, C V; Hepp, Crystal; Kyman, S; Hornstra, H; Trotter, Robert; Cope, Emily; Pearson, Talima Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures Journal Article Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2021. @article{Yagüe2021, title = {Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures}, author = {David Panisello Yagüe and Joseph Mihaljevic and M. Mbegbu and C.V. Wood and Crystal Hepp and S. Kyman and H. Hornstra and Robert Trotter and Emily Cope and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15023}, doi = {10.1111/jam.15023}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-05}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Stout, Nicole L; Maitin-Shepard, Melissa; Campbell, Anna; Schwartz, Anna L; Grimmett, Chloe; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A; Sokolof, Jonas M Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice Journal Article Cancer, 127 (3), pp. 476-484, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/cncr.33245. @article{Schmitz2021, title = {Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Nicole L Stout and Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Anna Campbell and Anna L Schwartz and Chloe Grimmett and Jeffrey A Meyerhardt and Jonas M Sokolof}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33245}, isbn = {10.1002/cncr.33245}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Cancer}, volume = {127}, number = {3}, pages = {476-484}, abstract = {International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029. |
Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky L; Camplain, Carolyn; Pro, George; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L; Hubach, Randolph D Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (2), pp. 213-221, 2021. @article{Giano2021, title = {Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations}, author = {Zachary Giano and Ricky L Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and George Pro and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler and Randolph D Hubach}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {213-221}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltan, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltan}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltani, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021b, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltani}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Ladner, Jason T; Henson, Sierra N; Boyle, Annalee S; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Fink, Zane W; Rahee, Fatima; D'ambrozio, Jonathan; Schaecher, Kurt E; Stone, Mars; Dong, Wenjuan; Dadwal, Sanjeet; Yu, Jianhua; Caligiuri, Michael A; Cieplak, Piotr; Bjørås, Magnar; Fenstad, Mona H; Nordbø, Svein A; Kainov, Denis E; Muranaka, Norihito; Chee, Mark S; Shiryaev, Sergey A; Altin, John A Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses Journal Article Cell Reports Medicine, 2 (1), 2021. @article{Ladner2021, title = {Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses}, author = {Jason T Ladner and Sierra N Henson and Annalee S Boyle and Anna L Engelbrektson and Zane W Fink and Fatima Rahee and Jonathan D'ambrozio and Kurt E Schaecher and Mars Stone and Wenjuan Dong and Sanjeet Dadwal and Jianhua Yu and Michael A Caligiuri and Piotr Cieplak and Magnar Bjørås and Mona H Fenstad and Svein A Nordbø and Denis E Kainov and Norihito Muranaka and Mark S Chee and Sergey A Shiryaev and John A Altin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-19}, journal = {Cell Reports Medicine}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses. |
Miller, Erin; Barragan, Veronica; Chiriboga, Jorge; Weddell, Chad; Luna, Ligia; Jiménez, Dulce J; Aleman, John; Mihaljevic, Joseph R; Olivas, Sonora; Marks, Jane; Izurieta, Ricardo; Nieto, Nathan; Keim, Paul; Trueba, Gabriel; Caporaso, Gregory J; Pearson, Talima Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (1), 2021. @article{Miller2021b, title = {Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador}, author = {Erin Miller and Veronica Barragan and Jorge Chiriboga and Chad Weddell and Ligia Luna and Dulce J Jiménez and John Aleman and Joseph R Mihaljevic and Sonora Olivas and Jane Marks and Ricardo Izurieta and Nathan Nieto and Paul Keim and Gabriel Trueba and J Gregory Caporaso and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, abstract = {Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Lane, Taylor S; Schwartz, Anna L; Wayment, Heidi A; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2), pp. 1-35, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021, title = {Mentoring new and early-stage investigators and underrepresented minority faculty for research success in health-related fields: An integrative literature review (2010-2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Taylor S. Lane and Anna L. Schwartz and Heidi A. Wayment and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020432}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18020432}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {1-35}, abstract = {Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented. |
2020 |
Eaves, Emery R; Camplain, Ricky L; Lininger, Monica R; Trotter, Robert T Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2020, ISBN: 10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038. @article{Eaves2020b, title = {Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Ricky L. Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Robert T. Trotter}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, isbn = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-16}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming. |
Williamson, Heather J; McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Yolanda E; Bacon, Rachel; Dunn, Dorothy J; Baldwin, Julie A Public Policy & Aging Report, 20 (20), pp. 1–3, 2020. @article{Williamson2020c, title = {Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Michael J. McCarthy and Yolanda E. Garcia and Rachel Bacon and Dorothy J. Dunn and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/praa024}, doi = {10.1093/ppar/praa024}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-04}, journal = {Public Policy & Aging Report}, volume = {20}, number = {20}, pages = {1–3}, abstract = {More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD. |
Yazzie, Del; Tallis, Kristen; Curley, Caleigh; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Eddie, Regina; Behrens, Timothy K; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Ashley, Martin; Benally, Herbert John; Begay, Gloria Ann; Jumbo-Rintila, Shirleen; de Heer, Hendrik D The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease Journal Article Preventing Chronic Disease, 17 , 2020. @article{Yazzie2020, title = {The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease}, author = {Del Yazzie and Kristen Tallis and Caleigh Curley and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Regina Eddie and Timothy K. Behrens and Ramona Antone-Nez and Martin Ashley and Herbert John Benally and Gloria Ann Begay and Shirleen Jumbo-Rintila and Hendrik D. de Heer}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/pdf/20_0038.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-03}, journal = {Preventing Chronic Disease}, volume = {17}, abstract = {Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies. |
Ferdows, Nasim B; Aranda, María P; Baldwin, Julie A; Ferdows, Soroosh Baghban; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S; Kumar, Amit Assessment of Racial Disparities in Mortality Rates Among Older Adults Living in US Rural vs Urban Counties From 1968 to 2016 Journal Article JAMA Netw Open, 2020. @article{Ferdows2020, title = {Assessment of Racial Disparities in Mortality Rates Among Older Adults Living in US Rural vs Urban Counties From 1968 to 2016}, author = {Nasim B. Ferdows and María P. Aranda and Julie A. Baldwin and Soroosh Baghban Ferdows and Jasjit S. Ahluwalia and Amit Kumar}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2768943}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-03}, journal = {JAMA Netw Open}, abstract = {In this cross-sectional study of 3131 US counties over a 49-year period, racial disparities in the mortality rates of men, with the exception of men living in rural counties, decreased compared with women. Rural and urban disparities were associated with socioeconomic differences among men and women of both races, and these disparities were most substantial among Black men.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this cross-sectional study of 3131 US counties over a 49-year period, racial disparities in the mortality rates of men, with the exception of men living in rural counties, decreased compared with women. Rural and urban disparities were associated with socioeconomic differences among men and women of both races, and these disparities were most substantial among Black men. |
Chief, Carmenlita; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Willeto, Angela A A; Yazzie, Alfred; McKinley, Alexis; Monroy, Fernando P; Harris, Robin B; Oren, Eyal “Nobody Is Talking About It”: Diné (Navajo) Communities Speak About Stomach Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Infections Journal Article Journal of Cancer Education , 2020. @article{Chief2020, title = {“Nobody Is Talking About It”: Diné (Navajo) Communities Speak About Stomach Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Infections}, author = {Carmenlita Chief and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Angela A. A. Willeto and Alfred Yazzie and Alexis McKinley and Fernando P. Monroy and Robin B. Harris and Eyal Oren }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01831-0}, doi = {10.1007/s13187-020-01831-0}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-22}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Education }, abstract = {Stomach cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Helicobacter pylori plays a role in the healthy human gut, but is also associated with multiple chronic diseases, including stomach cancer. Though H. pylori prevalence is declining in parts of the world, it remains high among certain populations. In Arizona, stomach cancer rates are 3–4 times higher among the Navajo Nation population as compared with the non-Hispanic white population. This pilot project assessed adult Diné (Navajo) individuals’ understanding and awareness regarding H. pylori infection and stomach cancer. Focus groups were held in three Diné communities. Data were analyzed thematically using a multi-investigator consensus approach. Participants had limited knowledge of H. pylori infection and stomach cancer and perceived local medical providers as also having limited knowledge on these conditions. Participants described poor health care experiences, structural inequalities, and environmental concerns and associated these with H. pylori infection and stomach cancer. This study highlights the need for additional research and education on current knowledge and perceptions of stomach cancer and H. pylori infections in Navajo Nation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stomach cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Helicobacter pylori plays a role in the healthy human gut, but is also associated with multiple chronic diseases, including stomach cancer. Though H. pylori prevalence is declining in parts of the world, it remains high among certain populations. In Arizona, stomach cancer rates are 3–4 times higher among the Navajo Nation population as compared with the non-Hispanic white population. This pilot project assessed adult Diné (Navajo) individuals’ understanding and awareness regarding H. pylori infection and stomach cancer. Focus groups were held in three Diné communities. Data were analyzed thematically using a multi-investigator consensus approach. Participants had limited knowledge of H. pylori infection and stomach cancer and perceived local medical providers as also having limited knowledge on these conditions. Participants described poor health care experiences, structural inequalities, and environmental concerns and associated these with H. pylori infection and stomach cancer. This study highlights the need for additional research and education on current knowledge and perceptions of stomach cancer and H. pylori infections in Navajo Nation. |
Williamson, Heather J; Chief, Carmenlita; Jiménez, Dulce; Begay, Andria; Milner, Trudie F; Sullivan, Shevaun; Torres, Emma; Remiker, Mark; Longorio, Alexandra Elvira Samarron; Sabo, Samantha; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Voices of Community Partners: Perspectives Gained from Conversations of Community-Based Participatory Research Experiences Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020. @article{Williamson2020b, title = {Voices of Community Partners: Perspectives Gained from Conversations of Community-Based Participatory Research Experiences}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Carmenlita Chief and Dulce Jiménez and Andria Begay and Trudie F. Milner and Shevaun Sullivan and Emma Torres and Mark Remiker and Alexandra Elvira Samarron Longorio and Samantha Sabo and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5245}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17145245}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-21}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, abstract = {Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been documented as an effective approach to research with underserved communities, particularly with racial and ethnic minority groups. However, much of the literature promoting the use of CBPR with underserved communities is written from the perspective of the researchers and not from the perspective of the community partner. The purpose of this article is to capture lessons learned from the community partners’ insight gained through their experiences with CBPR. A multi-investigator consensus method was used to qualitatively code the transcripts of a CBPR story-telling video series. Seven major themes were identified: (1) expectations for engaging in research, (2) cultural humility, (3) respecting the partnership, (4) open communication, (5) genuine commitment, (6) valuing strengths and recognizing capacities, and (7) collaborating to yield meaningful results. The themes drawn from the community partner’s voice align with the tenets of CBPR advanced in the academic literature. More opportunities to include the community voice when promoting CBPR should be undertaken to help introduce the concepts to potential community partners who may be research cautious.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been documented as an effective approach to research with underserved communities, particularly with racial and ethnic minority groups. However, much of the literature promoting the use of CBPR with underserved communities is written from the perspective of the researchers and not from the perspective of the community partner. The purpose of this article is to capture lessons learned from the community partners’ insight gained through their experiences with CBPR. A multi-investigator consensus method was used to qualitatively code the transcripts of a CBPR story-telling video series. Seven major themes were identified: (1) expectations for engaging in research, (2) cultural humility, (3) respecting the partnership, (4) open communication, (5) genuine commitment, (6) valuing strengths and recognizing capacities, and (7) collaborating to yield meaningful results. The themes drawn from the community partner’s voice align with the tenets of CBPR advanced in the academic literature. More opportunities to include the community voice when promoting CBPR should be undertaken to help introduce the concepts to potential community partners who may be research cautious. |
Ghazanfari, Behzad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Hajiaghayi, Mohammadtaghi Inverse Feature Learning: Feature Learning Based on Representation Learning of Error Journal Article IEEEXplore, 8 , pp. 132937 - 132949, 2020. @article{Ghazanfari2020, title = {Inverse Feature Learning: Feature Learning Based on Representation Learning of Error}, author = {Behzad Ghazanfari and Fatemeh Afghah and Mohammadtaghi Hajiaghayi}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9143092}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3009902}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-17}, journal = {IEEEXplore}, volume = {8}, pages = {132937 - 132949}, abstract = {This paper proposes inverse feature learning (IFL) as a novel supervised feature learning technique that learns a set of high-level features for classification based on an error representation approach. The key contribution of this method is to learn the representation of error as high-level features, while current representation learning methods interpret error by loss functions which are obtained as a function of differences between the true labels and the predicted ones. One advantage of this error representation is that the learned features for each class can be obtained independently of learned features for other classes; therefore, IFL can learn simultaneously meaning that it can learn new classes' features without retraining. Error representation learning can also help with generalization and reduce the chance of over-fitting by adding a set of impactful features to the original data set which capture the relationships between each instance and different classes through an error generation and analysis process. This method can be particularly effective in data sets, where the instances of each class have diverse feature representations or the ones with imbalanced classes. The experimental results show that the proposed IFL results in better performance compared to the state-of-the-art classification techniques for several popular data sets. We hope this paper can open a new path to utilize the proposed perspective of error representation learning in different feature learning domains.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper proposes inverse feature learning (IFL) as a novel supervised feature learning technique that learns a set of high-level features for classification based on an error representation approach. The key contribution of this method is to learn the representation of error as high-level features, while current representation learning methods interpret error by loss functions which are obtained as a function of differences between the true labels and the predicted ones. One advantage of this error representation is that the learned features for each class can be obtained independently of learned features for other classes; therefore, IFL can learn simultaneously meaning that it can learn new classes' features without retraining. Error representation learning can also help with generalization and reduce the chance of over-fitting by adding a set of impactful features to the original data set which capture the relationships between each instance and different classes through an error generation and analysis process. This method can be particularly effective in data sets, where the instances of each class have diverse feature representations or the ones with imbalanced classes. The experimental results show that the proposed IFL results in better performance compared to the state-of-the-art classification techniques for several popular data sets. We hope this paper can open a new path to utilize the proposed perspective of error representation learning in different feature learning domains. |
Ingram, Maia; Sabo, Samantha; Redondo, Floribella; Soto, Yanitza; Russell, Kim; Carter, Heather; Bender, Brook; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey Establishing voluntary certification of community health workers in Arizona: a policy case study of building a unified workforce Journal Article Human Resources for Health, 18 (46), 2020. @article{Ingram2020, title = {Establishing voluntary certification of community health workers in Arizona: a policy case study of building a unified workforce}, author = {Maia Ingram and Samantha Sabo and Floribella Redondo and Yanitza Soto and Kim Russell and Heather Carter and Brook Bender and Jill Guernsey de Zapien }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00487-7}, doi = {10.1186/s12960-020-00487-7}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-26}, journal = {Human Resources for Health}, volume = {18}, number = {46}, abstract = {Community health workers (CHWs) are widely recognized as essential to addressing disparities in health care delivery and outcomes in US vulnerable populations. In the state of Arizona, the sustainability of the workforce is threatened by low wages, poor job security, and limited opportunities for training and advancement within the profession. CHW voluntary certification offers an avenue to increase the recognition, compensation, training, and standardization of the workforce. However, passing voluntary certification legislation in an anti-regulatory state such as Arizona posed a major challenge that required a robust advocacy effort.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community health workers (CHWs) are widely recognized as essential to addressing disparities in health care delivery and outcomes in US vulnerable populations. In the state of Arizona, the sustainability of the workforce is threatened by low wages, poor job security, and limited opportunities for training and advancement within the profession. CHW voluntary certification offers an avenue to increase the recognition, compensation, training, and standardization of the workforce. However, passing voluntary certification legislation in an anti-regulatory state such as Arizona posed a major challenge that required a robust advocacy effort. |
Hunter, Amanda; Tippeconic, Mary Jo Strengthening the link between education policy, culturally responsive schooling, and American Indian and Alaska Native Health Journal Article Journal of Indigenous Early Childhood Education, 1 (1), 2020. @article{Hunter2020, title = {Strengthening the link between education policy, culturally responsive schooling, and American Indian and Alaska Native Health}, author = {Amanda Hunter and Mary Jo Tippeconic}, url = {https://nau.edu/coe/ejiece/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-01}, journal = {Journal of Indigenous Early Childhood Education}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Yuan, Nicole P; Mayer, Brian M; Joshweseoma, Lorencita; Clichee, Dominic; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 14 (2), pp. 11, 2020. @article{Yuan2020, title = {Development of Guidelines to Improve the Effectiveness of Community Advisory Boards in Health Research. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action}, author = {Nicole P Yuan and Brian M. Mayer and Lorencita Joshweseoma and Dominic Clichee and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/development-of-guidelines-to-improve-the-effectiveness-of-communi}, doi = {10.1353/cpr.2020.0026}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-01}, journal = {Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Community advisory boards (CABs) are a common community engagement strategy. Tools for developing CABs that are accessible to academic–community partnerships are limited. This article describes the process and partnership with the Hopi Tribe to develop CAB guidelines as a tool for research funded by the Center for Indigenous Environmental Health Research (CIEHR) and nonaffiliated projects. Methods: The CAB guidelines consist of three sections: formation, operation, and sustainability and evaluation. Each section includes best practices and interactive worksheets. The CAB guidelines were piloted with the Hopi Tribe to determine feasibility and relevance. Results: The CAB guidelines were well-received by the tribal CAB. Some of the worksheets were difficult to complete because they did not represent their perspectives or introduced potential tension in CAB interactions. Revisions were made accordingly. Conclusions: Future evaluation and broad dissemination of the CAB guidelines will promote the use and effectiveness of CABs in health research}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community advisory boards (CABs) are a common community engagement strategy. Tools for developing CABs that are accessible to academic–community partnerships are limited. This article describes the process and partnership with the Hopi Tribe to develop CAB guidelines as a tool for research funded by the Center for Indigenous Environmental Health Research (CIEHR) and nonaffiliated projects. Methods: The CAB guidelines consist of three sections: formation, operation, and sustainability and evaluation. Each section includes best practices and interactive worksheets. The CAB guidelines were piloted with the Hopi Tribe to determine feasibility and relevance. Results: The CAB guidelines were well-received by the tribal CAB. Some of the worksheets were difficult to complete because they did not represent their perspectives or introduced potential tension in CAB interactions. Revisions were made accordingly. Conclusions: Future evaluation and broad dissemination of the CAB guidelines will promote the use and effectiveness of CABs in health research |
Hoch, Byrna; Midori-Coulter, Kiera; Gomez, Omar; Sabo, Samantha Essential and Excluded from the Public Health Response-Recommendations for Meeting the Needs of Immigrants in the U.S. During COVID-19 Journal Article COVID-19 y Frontera Noreste: Primeros impactos en migración, políticas públicasy población, 2020. @article{Hoch2020, title = {Essential and Excluded from the Public Health Response-Recommendations for Meeting the Needs of Immigrants in the U.S. During COVID-19}, author = {Byrna Hoch and Kiera Midori-Coulter and Omar Gomez and Samantha Sabo}, url = {https://www.colef.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID_Matamoros-1.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-01}, journal = {COVID-19 y Frontera Noreste: Primeros impactos en migración, políticas públicasy población}, abstract = {The United States leads the world in COVID-19 cases and deaths. The US government’s pandemic response to COVID-19 includes three main efforts: 1) mitigation through social distancing and closure of “nonessential” business 2) strengthening healthcare capacity by scaling-up COVID-19 testing and emergency care 3) providing financial relief to Americans and businesses during the economic shutdown.Who benefits from the pandemic response is not uniform. Federal relief efforts neglect undocumented immigrants, a community of 10.7 million, 3% of the US population. Undocumented immigrants are excluded from health and economic safeguards. Consequentially, the US pandemic response has built upon status-based (i.e. documentation status) exclusions already embedded within US social systems, effectively blocking many immigrants from critical services during the COVID-19 outbreak. Simultaneously, undocumented immigrants are overrepresented in the “essential” workforce (e.g., healthcare, agriculture, service) which continues to provide labor during the pandemic. Current estimates suggest that 6 million essential workers are immigrants (Gelatt, 2020).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The United States leads the world in COVID-19 cases and deaths. The US government’s pandemic response to COVID-19 includes three main efforts: 1) mitigation through social distancing and closure of “nonessential” business 2) strengthening healthcare capacity by scaling-up COVID-19 testing and emergency care 3) providing financial relief to Americans and businesses during the economic shutdown.Who benefits from the pandemic response is not uniform. Federal relief efforts neglect undocumented immigrants, a community of 10.7 million, 3% of the US population. Undocumented immigrants are excluded from health and economic safeguards. Consequentially, the US pandemic response has built upon status-based (i.e. documentation status) exclusions already embedded within US social systems, effectively blocking many immigrants from critical services during the COVID-19 outbreak. Simultaneously, undocumented immigrants are overrepresented in the “essential” workforce (e.g., healthcare, agriculture, service) which continues to provide labor during the pandemic. Current estimates suggest that 6 million essential workers are immigrants (Gelatt, 2020). |
Valdez, Elizabeth Salerno; Valdez, Luis; Korchmaros, Josephine; Garcia, David O; Stevens, Sally; Sabo, Samantha; Carvajal, Scott Socioenvironmental Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use in a United States-Mexico Border Community Journal Article American Journal of Health Promotion, 2020. @article{Valdez2020, title = {Socioenvironmental Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use in a United States-Mexico Border Community}, author = {Elizabeth Salerno Valdez and Luis Valdez and Josephine Korchmaros and David O. Garcia and Sally Stevens and Samantha Sabo and Scott Carvajal}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117120927527}, doi = {10.1177/0890117120927527}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-27}, journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion}, abstract = {We examined how socioenvironmental risk factors unique to the United States-Mexico border, defined as border community and immigration stress, normalization of drug trafficking, and perceived disordered neighborhood stress, contribute to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents residing there. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We examined how socioenvironmental risk factors unique to the United States-Mexico border, defined as border community and immigration stress, normalization of drug trafficking, and perceived disordered neighborhood stress, contribute to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents residing there. |
Sahker, Ethan; Pro, George; Sakata, Masatsugu; Furukawa, Toshiaki A Substance use improvement depends on Race/Ethnicity: Outpatient treatment disparities observed in a large US national sample Journal Article Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. @article{Sahker2020, title = {Substance use improvement depends on Race/Ethnicity: Outpatient treatment disparities observed in a large US national sample}, author = {Ethan Sahker and George Pro and Masatsugu Sakata and Toshiaki A. Furukawa }, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108087}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-24}, journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence}, abstract = {Racial/ethnic disparities exist at many levels of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and recovery, reflecting biological and socioeconomic factors. However, racial/ethnic disparities in SUD treatment effectiveness have not been sufficiently investigated. Latinos demonstrated greater use improvement than Black and White clients. Socioeconomic characteristics moderated this general tendency. Culturally sensitive treatments can be enhanced by addressing culturally specific needs according to client age, employment, specific problem substance, and referral source. For example, Black clients referred from school improved more than Whites and Latinos. Increasing resources for school referrals may further improve Black client outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Racial/ethnic disparities exist at many levels of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and recovery, reflecting biological and socioeconomic factors. However, racial/ethnic disparities in SUD treatment effectiveness have not been sufficiently investigated. Latinos demonstrated greater use improvement than Black and White clients. Socioeconomic characteristics moderated this general tendency. Culturally sensitive treatments can be enhanced by addressing culturally specific needs according to client age, employment, specific problem substance, and referral source. For example, Black clients referred from school improved more than Whites and Latinos. Increasing resources for school referrals may further improve Black client outcomes. |
Baldwin, Julie A; Lowe, John; Brooks, Jada; Charbonneau-Dahlen, Barbara K; Lawrence, Gary; Johnson-Jennings, Michelle; Padgett, Gary; Kelley, Melessa; Camplain, Carolyn Health Promotion Practice, 2020. @article{Baldwin2020, title = {Formative Research and Cultural Tailoring of a Substance Abuse Prevention Program for American Indian Youth: Findings from the Intertribal Talking Circle Intervention}, author = {Julie A. Baldwin and John Lowe and Jada Brooks and Barbara K. Charbonneau-Dahlen and Gary Lawrence and Michelle Johnson-Jennings and Gary Padgett and Melessa Kelley and Carolyn Camplain}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839920918551}, doi = {10.1177/1524839920918551}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-14}, journal = {Health Promotion Practice}, abstract = {Substance use among American Indians (AIs) is a critical health issue and accounts for many health problems such as chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, behavioral health conditions, homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accidents. In 2013, the highest rates of substance use and dependence were seen among AIs when compared to all other population groups, although these rates vary across different tribes. Among AI adolescents, high rates of substance use have been associated with environmental and historical factors, including poverty, historical trauma, bicultural stress, and changing tribal/familial roles. Our project, the Intertribal Talking Circle intervention, involved adapting, tailoring, implementing, and evaluating an existing intervention for AI youth of three tribal communities in the United States. Formative Results. Community partnership committees (CPCs) identified alcohol, marijuana, and prescription medications as high priority substances. CPC concerns focused on the increasing substance use in their communities and the corresponding negative impacts on families, stating a lack of coping skills, positive role models, and hope for the future as concerns for youth. Cultural Tailoring Process Results. Each site formed a CPC that culturally tailored the intervention for their tribal community. This included translating Keetoowah-Cherokee language, cultural practices, and symbolism into the local tribal customs for relevance. The CPCs were essential for incorporating local context and perceived concerns around AI adolescent substance use. These results may be helpful to other tribal communities developing/implementing substance use prevention interventions for AI youth. It is critical that Indigenous cultures and local context be factored into such programs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Substance use among American Indians (AIs) is a critical health issue and accounts for many health problems such as chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, behavioral health conditions, homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accidents. In 2013, the highest rates of substance use and dependence were seen among AIs when compared to all other population groups, although these rates vary across different tribes. Among AI adolescents, high rates of substance use have been associated with environmental and historical factors, including poverty, historical trauma, bicultural stress, and changing tribal/familial roles. Our project, the Intertribal Talking Circle intervention, involved adapting, tailoring, implementing, and evaluating an existing intervention for AI youth of three tribal communities in the United States. Formative Results. Community partnership committees (CPCs) identified alcohol, marijuana, and prescription medications as high priority substances. CPC concerns focused on the increasing substance use in their communities and the corresponding negative impacts on families, stating a lack of coping skills, positive role models, and hope for the future as concerns for youth. Cultural Tailoring Process Results. Each site formed a CPC that culturally tailored the intervention for their tribal community. This included translating Keetoowah-Cherokee language, cultural practices, and symbolism into the local tribal customs for relevance. The CPCs were essential for incorporating local context and perceived concerns around AI adolescent substance use. These results may be helpful to other tribal communities developing/implementing substance use prevention interventions for AI youth. It is critical that Indigenous cultures and local context be factored into such programs. |
Pro G Sahker E, Baldwin JA Incarceration as a Reason for US Alcohol and Drug Treatment Non-completion: a Multilevel Analysis of Racial/Ethnic and Sex Disparities Journal Article The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 2020. @article{Pro2020d, title = {Incarceration as a Reason for US Alcohol and Drug Treatment Non-completion: a Multilevel Analysis of Racial/Ethnic and Sex Disparities}, author = {Pro G, Sahker E, Baldwin JA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09703-7}, doi = {10.1007/s11414-020-09703-7 }, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-29}, journal = {The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research}, abstract = {Incarceration may be an overlooked reason for treatment non-completion experienced disproportionately by African Americans. This study utilized multilevel logistic regression to model treatment non-completion due to incarceration using the 2015–2016 Treatment Episode Dataset–Discharges. Among a sample restricted to treatment non-completers (n = 306,008), 5% terminated treatment because they became incarcerated (n = 13,082), which varied widely by demographics and by state. In Idaho, 46% of African Americans terminated treatment because they became incarcerated. Women had lower odds of treatment non-completion than men, and the effect of sex was strongest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.26–0.34). Among men, all racial/ethnic minority groups demonstrated significantly higher odds of treatment non-completion due to incarceration compared with Whites, and the strongest effect was among African Americans (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.44). Incarceration as a reason for treatment non-completion disproportionately affects African Americans and men and varies by state. Interventions targeting incarceration alternatives should be availed to racial/ethnic minorities already participating in treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Incarceration may be an overlooked reason for treatment non-completion experienced disproportionately by African Americans. This study utilized multilevel logistic regression to model treatment non-completion due to incarceration using the 2015–2016 Treatment Episode Dataset–Discharges. Among a sample restricted to treatment non-completers (n = 306,008), 5% terminated treatment because they became incarcerated (n = 13,082), which varied widely by demographics and by state. In Idaho, 46% of African Americans terminated treatment because they became incarcerated. Women had lower odds of treatment non-completion than men, and the effect of sex was strongest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.26–0.34). Among men, all racial/ethnic minority groups demonstrated significantly higher odds of treatment non-completion due to incarceration compared with Whites, and the strongest effect was among African Americans (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.44). Incarceration as a reason for treatment non-completion disproportionately affects African Americans and men and varies by state. Interventions targeting incarceration alternatives should be availed to racial/ethnic minorities already participating in treatment. |
Pro, George; Sahker, Ethan; Baldwin, Julie Incarceration as a barrier to U.S. alcohol and drug treatment completion: A multilevel analysis of racial/ethnic and sex disparities Journal Article Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 2020. @article{Pro2020e, title = {Incarceration as a barrier to U.S. alcohol and drug treatment completion: A multilevel analysis of racial/ethnic and sex disparities}, author = {George Pro and Ethan Sahker and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09703-7}, doi = {10.1007/s11414-020-09703-7}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-29}, journal = {Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research}, abstract = {Incarceration may be an overlooked reason for treatment non-completion experienced disproportionately by African Americans. This study utilized multilevel logistic regression to model treatment non-completion due to incarceration using the 2015–2016 Treatment Episode Dataset–Discharges. Among a sample restricted to treatment non-completers (n = 306,008), 5% terminated treatment because they became incarcerated (n = 13,082), which varied widely by demographics and by state. In Idaho, 46% of African Americans terminated treatment because they became incarcerated. Women had lower odds of treatment non-completion than men, and the effect of sex was strongest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.26–0.34). Among men, all racial/ethnic minority groups demonstrated significantly higher odds of treatment non-completion due to incarceration compared with Whites, and the strongest effect was among African Americans (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.44). Incarceration as a reason for treatment non-completion disproportionately affects African Americans and men and varies by state. Interventions targeting incarceration alternatives should be availed to racial/ethnic minorities already participating in treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Incarceration may be an overlooked reason for treatment non-completion experienced disproportionately by African Americans. This study utilized multilevel logistic regression to model treatment non-completion due to incarceration using the 2015–2016 Treatment Episode Dataset–Discharges. Among a sample restricted to treatment non-completers (n = 306,008), 5% terminated treatment because they became incarcerated (n = 13,082), which varied widely by demographics and by state. In Idaho, 46% of African Americans terminated treatment because they became incarcerated. Women had lower odds of treatment non-completion than men, and the effect of sex was strongest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.26–0.34). Among men, all racial/ethnic minority groups demonstrated significantly higher odds of treatment non-completion due to incarceration compared with Whites, and the strongest effect was among African Americans (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.44). Incarceration as a reason for treatment non-completion disproportionately affects African Americans and men and varies by state. Interventions targeting incarceration alternatives should be availed to racial/ethnic minorities already participating in treatment. |
Coulter K., Sabo Martínez Chisholm Gonzalez Bass Zavala Villalobos Garcia Levy Slack S D K K S E D T J A Study and Analysis of the Treatment of Mexican Unaccompanied Minors by Customs and Border Protection Journal Article Journal on Migration and Human Security, 2020. @article{Coulter2020, title = {A Study and Analysis of the Treatment of Mexican Unaccompanied Minors by Customs and Border Protection}, author = {Coulter, K., Sabo, S., Martínez, D., Chisholm, K., Gonzalez, K., Bass Zavala, S., Villalobos E., Garcia D. Levy, T., Slack, J.}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2331502420915898}, doi = {10.1177/2331502420915898}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-22}, journal = {Journal on Migration and Human Security}, abstract = {The routine human rights abuses and due process violations of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) by US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have contributed to a mounting humanitarian and legal crisis along the US–Mexico border. In the United States, the treatment of UAC is governed by laws, policies, and standards drawn from the Flores Settlement, the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), and CBP procedures and directives, which are intended to ensure UAC’s protection, well-being, and ability to pursue relief from removal, such as asylum. As nongovernmental organizations and human rights groups have documented, however, CBP has repeatedly violated these legal standards and policies, and subjected UAC to abuses and rights violations. This article draws from surveys of 97 recently deported Mexican UAC, which examine their experiences with US immigration authorities. The study finds that Mexican UAC are detained in subpar conditions, are routinely not screened for fear of return to their home countries or for human trafficking, and are not sufficiently informed about the deportation process. The article recommends that CBP should take immediate steps to improve the treatment of UAC, that CBP and other entities responsible for the care of UAC be monitored to ensure their compliance with US law and policy, and that Mexican UAC be afforded the same procedures and protection under the TVPRA as UAC from noncontiguous states.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The routine human rights abuses and due process violations of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) by US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have contributed to a mounting humanitarian and legal crisis along the US–Mexico border. In the United States, the treatment of UAC is governed by laws, policies, and standards drawn from the Flores Settlement, the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), and CBP procedures and directives, which are intended to ensure UAC’s protection, well-being, and ability to pursue relief from removal, such as asylum. As nongovernmental organizations and human rights groups have documented, however, CBP has repeatedly violated these legal standards and policies, and subjected UAC to abuses and rights violations. This article draws from surveys of 97 recently deported Mexican UAC, which examine their experiences with US immigration authorities. The study finds that Mexican UAC are detained in subpar conditions, are routinely not screened for fear of return to their home countries or for human trafficking, and are not sufficiently informed about the deportation process. The article recommends that CBP should take immediate steps to improve the treatment of UAC, that CBP and other entities responsible for the care of UAC be monitored to ensure their compliance with US law and policy, and that Mexican UAC be afforded the same procedures and protection under the TVPRA as UAC from noncontiguous states. |
Williamson, Heather J; van Heumen, Lieke; Schwartz, Ariel E Photovoice with Individuals with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities: Lessons Learned from Inclusive Research Efforts Journal Article Collaborations, 3 (1), 2020. @article{Williamson2020, title = {Photovoice with Individuals with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities: Lessons Learned from Inclusive Research Efforts}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Lieke van Heumen and Ariel E. Schwartz}, url = {http://doi.org/10.33596/coll.45}, doi = {http://doi.org/10.33596/coll.45}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-15}, journal = {Collaborations}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, abstract = {Inclusive research is an approach in which individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) are included as co-researchers throughout the research processes, and has demonstrated benefits for people with IDD. Because inclusive research is still not common within disability research, it is important for research teams to provide reflections and lessons learned to encourage future inclusive approaches. This paper provides case studies of two research projects completed in collaboration with adults with IDD using Photovoice as an approach that can increase access to the research process for co-researchers with IDD. Drawing upon previously defined inclusive research criteria, we reflect on lessons learned and challenges. Inclusive research requires time, flexibility, shared power, clear communication, and cultural humility. Across both studies, we discuss the importance of clear communication with Institutional Review Boards and collaboration with the extended support networks of individuals with IDD. We reflect on how the accessible nature of Photovoice supports inclusive research teams to combine the strengths of co-researchers with IDD and academically trained researchers, such that the knowledge production process is shifted to co-researchers with IDD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Inclusive research is an approach in which individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) are included as co-researchers throughout the research processes, and has demonstrated benefits for people with IDD. Because inclusive research is still not common within disability research, it is important for research teams to provide reflections and lessons learned to encourage future inclusive approaches. This paper provides case studies of two research projects completed in collaboration with adults with IDD using Photovoice as an approach that can increase access to the research process for co-researchers with IDD. Drawing upon previously defined inclusive research criteria, we reflect on lessons learned and challenges. Inclusive research requires time, flexibility, shared power, clear communication, and cultural humility. Across both studies, we discuss the importance of clear communication with Institutional Review Boards and collaboration with the extended support networks of individuals with IDD. We reflect on how the accessible nature of Photovoice supports inclusive research teams to combine the strengths of co-researchers with IDD and academically trained researchers, such that the knowledge production process is shifted to co-researchers with IDD. |
Jones, Marie; Credo, Jonathan; Ingram, Jani; Baldwin, Julie; Trotter, Robert; Propper, Catherine Arsenic Concentrations in Ground and Surface Waters across Arizona Including Native Land Journal Article Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 169 , pp. 44-60, 2020. @article{Jones2020, title = {Arsenic Concentrations in Ground and Surface Waters across Arizona Including Native Land}, author = {Marie Jones and Jonathan Credo and Jani Ingram and Julie Baldwin and Robert Trotter and Catherine Propper}, url = {https://ucowr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/169_MCJones_etal.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-01}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education}, volume = {169}, pages = {44-60}, abstract = {Parts of the Southwestern United States report arsenic levels in water resources that are above the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s current drinking water limits. Prolonged exposure to arsenic through food and drinking water can contribute to significant health problems including cancer, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. In order to understand exposure risks, water sampling and testing have been conducted throughout Arizona. This information is available to the public through often non-overlapping databases that are difficult to access and in impracticable formats. The current study utilized a systemic compilation of online databases to compile a spreadsheet containing over 33,000 water samples. The reported arsenic concentrations from these databases were collected from 1990-2017. Using ArcGIS software, these data were converted into a map shapefile and overlaid onto a map of Arizona. This visual representation shows that arsenic levels in surface and ground water exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s drinking water limits for many sites in several counties in Arizona, and there is an underrepresentation of sampling in several tribal jurisdictions. This information is useful for water managers and private well owners throughout the State for determining safe drinking water sources and limiting exposure to arsenic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Parts of the Southwestern United States report arsenic levels in water resources that are above the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s current drinking water limits. Prolonged exposure to arsenic through food and drinking water can contribute to significant health problems including cancer, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. In order to understand exposure risks, water sampling and testing have been conducted throughout Arizona. This information is available to the public through often non-overlapping databases that are difficult to access and in impracticable formats. The current study utilized a systemic compilation of online databases to compile a spreadsheet containing over 33,000 water samples. The reported arsenic concentrations from these databases were collected from 1990-2017. Using ArcGIS software, these data were converted into a map shapefile and overlaid onto a map of Arizona. This visual representation shows that arsenic levels in surface and ground water exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s drinking water limits for many sites in several counties in Arizona, and there is an underrepresentation of sampling in several tribal jurisdictions. This information is useful for water managers and private well owners throughout the State for determining safe drinking water sources and limiting exposure to arsenic. |
Pro, George; Utter, Jeff; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 209 (1), 2020. @article{Pro2020f, title = {Dual mental health diagnoses predict the receipt of medication-assisted opioid treatment: Associations moderated by state Medicaid expansion status, race/ethnicity and gender, and year}, author = {George Pro and Jeff Utter and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32172130/}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107952}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-07}, journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence}, volume = {209}, number = {1}, abstract = { Mental health diagnoses (MHD) are common among those with opioid use disorders (OUD). Methadone/buprenorphine are effective medication-assisted treatment (MAT) strategies; however, treatment receipt is low among those with dual MHDs. Medicaid expansions have broadly increased access to OUD and mental health services over time, but MAT uptake may vary depending on multiple factors, including MHD status, state Medicaid expansion decisions, and race/ethnicity and gender. Examining clinical and policy approaches to promoting MAT uptake may improve services among marginalized groups. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mental health diagnoses (MHD) are common among those with opioid use disorders (OUD). Methadone/buprenorphine are effective medication-assisted treatment (MAT) strategies; however, treatment receipt is low among those with dual MHDs. Medicaid expansions have broadly increased access to OUD and mental health services over time, but MAT uptake may vary depending on multiple factors, including MHD status, state Medicaid expansion decisions, and race/ethnicity and gender. Examining clinical and policy approaches to promoting MAT uptake may improve services among marginalized groups. |
Fisher, Kim W; Williamson, Heather; Guerra, Nichole Technology and Social Inclusion: Technology Training and Usage by Youth With IDD in the National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012 Journal Article Inclusion, 8 (1), pp. 43–57, 2020. @article{Fisher2020, title = {Technology and Social Inclusion: Technology Training and Usage by Youth With IDD in the National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012}, author = {Kim W. Fisher and Heather Williamson and Nichole Guerra}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-8.1.43}, doi = {10.1352/2326-6988-8.1.43}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-01}, journal = {Inclusion}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {43–57}, abstract = {Technology use is a key form of social inclusion and a means to engage in community participation. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience a digital divide with less technology access as compared to their peers. We used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012 to study technology use and access to instruction among adolescents with IDD compared to adolescents with other disabilities and adolescents without disabilities. Results indicate adolescents with IDD use technology less, receive less technology training, and engage in fewer social inclusion opportunities than their peers. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are provided, including promoting digital citizenship training during transition planning and the use of social capital theory. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Technology use is a key form of social inclusion and a means to engage in community participation. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience a digital divide with less technology access as compared to their peers. We used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012 to study technology use and access to instruction among adolescents with IDD compared to adolescents with other disabilities and adolescents without disabilities. Results indicate adolescents with IDD use technology less, receive less technology training, and engage in fewer social inclusion opportunities than their peers. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are provided, including promoting digital citizenship training during transition planning and the use of social capital theory. |
Sean D. Rundell and, Linda Resnik ; Heagerty, Patrick J; Kumar, Amit; Jarvik, Jeffrey G Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 50 (3), pp. 143-148, 2020. @article{Rundell2019c, title = {Comparing Performance of Comorbidity Indices in Predicting Functional Status, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Total Health Care Use in Older Adults with Back Pain}, author = {Sean D. Rundell, and, Linda Resnik and Patrick J. Heagerty and Amit Kumar and Jeffrey G. Jarvik}, url = {https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2020.8764}, doi = {10.2519/jospt.2020.8764}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-29}, journal = {Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy}, volume = {50}, number = {3}, pages = {143-148}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Armstrong-Heimsoth, Amy; Hahn-Floyd, Molly; Williamson, Heather J; Kurka, Jonathan M; Yoo, Wonsuk; Jesús, Sue Rodríguez De A Former Foster System Youth: Perspectives on Transitional Supports and Programs Journal Article The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 2020. @article{Armstrong-Heimsoth2020, title = {Former Foster System Youth: Perspectives on Transitional Supports and Programs}, author = {Amy Armstrong-Heimsoth and Molly Hahn-Floyd and Heather J. Williamson and Jonathan M. Kurka and Wonsuk Yoo and Sue A. Rodríguez De Jesús}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09693-6}, doi = {10.1007/s11414-020-09693-6}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-24}, journal = {The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research}, abstract = {Youth aging out of the foster care system have well-documented challenges when transitioning to adulthood. Multiple transition services provide support in the transition process; however, limited research is available regarding youth’s perceptions of programming. In this pilot study, sixteen youth between ages 18 and 20 participated in semi-structured interviews, support mapping, an resiliency measurements to gather the experiences of the transition from foster care. Comparisons between those who chose initial transition supports and those who did not receive or delayed receiving transition supports were initially explored. Common themes emerged in participants’ needs and perceived resiliency regardless of transition support services. All youth reported relationship, trust, and concern for well-being as highly important characteristics in transition team members. A need for earlier transition programming, decision-making opportunities, and life skills courses were important themes in transition programming needs. Implications for policy, research, and practice are presented based upon findings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Youth aging out of the foster care system have well-documented challenges when transitioning to adulthood. Multiple transition services provide support in the transition process; however, limited research is available regarding youth’s perceptions of programming. In this pilot study, sixteen youth between ages 18 and 20 participated in semi-structured interviews, support mapping, an resiliency measurements to gather the experiences of the transition from foster care. Comparisons between those who chose initial transition supports and those who did not receive or delayed receiving transition supports were initially explored. Common themes emerged in participants’ needs and perceived resiliency regardless of transition support services. All youth reported relationship, trust, and concern for well-being as highly important characteristics in transition team members. A need for earlier transition programming, decision-making opportunities, and life skills courses were important themes in transition programming needs. Implications for policy, research, and practice are presented based upon findings. |
Eaves, Emery R; Williamson, Heather J; Sanderson, Katharine C; Elwell, Kristan; II, Robert Trotter T; Baldwin, Julie A Integrating Behavioral and Primary Health Care in Rural Clinics: What Does Culture Have to Do with It? Journal Article Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 31 (1), pp. 201-217, 2020. @article{Eaves2020, title = {Integrating Behavioral and Primary Health Care in Rural Clinics: What Does Culture Have to Do with It?}, author = {Emery R Eaves and Heather J Williamson and Katharine C Sanderson and Kristan Elwell and Robert T Trotter II and Julie A Baldwin }, url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/747784}, doi = {10.1353/hpu.2020.0018}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-07}, journal = {Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, pages = {201-217}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Pro, George; Zaller, Nick PLOS One, 15 (2), 2020. @article{Pro2020c, title = {Interaction Effects in the Association Between Methadone Maintenance Therapy and Experiences of Racial Discrimination in U.S. Healthcare Settings}, author = {George Pro and Nick Zaller}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228755}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0228755}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-06}, journal = {PLOS One}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, abstract = { Background Disparities in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) outcomes have received limited attention, but there are important negative outcomes associated with MMT that warrant investigation. Racial discrimination is common in healthcare settings and affects opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and comorbidities. However, race/ethnicity alone may not fully explain experiences of discrimination. MMT remains highly stigmatized and may compound the effect of race/ethnicity on discrimination in healthcare settings. We sought to quantify differential associations between MMT and experiences of racial discrimination between racial/ethnic groups in a U.S. national sample. Methods We used the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (2012–2013) to identify a subset of individuals with a lifetime OUD who had ever used MMT (survey n = 766; weighted population n = 5,276,507). We used multivariable logistic regression to model past-year experience of racial discrimination in a healthcare setting. We included an interaction term between race/ethnicity and MMT status to identify the odds of discrimination (MMT vs. no MMT [referent]) within racial/ethnic groups. We used survey procedures with weights to account for the parent study’s complex survey design. Findings Twenty-two percent of our sample experienced racial discrimination in a healthcare setting in the past year. Discrimination was more common among those who had ever used MMT (x2 = 10.00, p = 0.001) and racial/ethnic minorities (x2 = 23.15, p<0.001). The interaction effect was much stronger than the main effects of race/ethnicity and MMT status. MMT status (versus no MMT) was positively associated with discrimination among Blacks (aOR = 3.93, 95% CI = 3.87–3.98, p<0.001), Whites (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 2.23–2.27, p<0.001), and Latino/Latinas (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.55–1.62, p<0.001). Among American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN), those who had used MMT had over thirty times the odds of racial discrimination, compared to their non-MMT counterparts (aOR = 32.78, 95% CI = 31.16–34.48, p<0.001). Conclusion Race/ethnicity alone did not sufficiently account for racial discrimination in healthcare settings among those with a lifetime OUD. MMT status was strongly associated with racial discrimination among AI/AN. Our strong interaction effect is indicative of an additional barrier to health services utilization among AI/AN, which has important implications for OUD treatment outcomes and comorbidities. Health promotion programs aimed at increased adoption of MMT are promising, but should be considered in the context of racial/ethnic disparities, drug use and MMT stigma, and implicit biases in clinical settings. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Disparities in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) outcomes have received limited attention, but there are important negative outcomes associated with MMT that warrant investigation. Racial discrimination is common in healthcare settings and affects opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and comorbidities. However, race/ethnicity alone may not fully explain experiences of discrimination. MMT remains highly stigmatized and may compound the effect of race/ethnicity on discrimination in healthcare settings. We sought to quantify differential associations between MMT and experiences of racial discrimination between racial/ethnic groups in a U.S. national sample. Methods We used the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (2012–2013) to identify a subset of individuals with a lifetime OUD who had ever used MMT (survey n = 766; weighted population n = 5,276,507). We used multivariable logistic regression to model past-year experience of racial discrimination in a healthcare setting. We included an interaction term between race/ethnicity and MMT status to identify the odds of discrimination (MMT vs. no MMT [referent]) within racial/ethnic groups. We used survey procedures with weights to account for the parent study’s complex survey design. Findings Twenty-two percent of our sample experienced racial discrimination in a healthcare setting in the past year. Discrimination was more common among those who had ever used MMT (x2 = 10.00, p = 0.001) and racial/ethnic minorities (x2 = 23.15, p<0.001). The interaction effect was much stronger than the main effects of race/ethnicity and MMT status. MMT status (versus no MMT) was positively associated with discrimination among Blacks (aOR = 3.93, 95% CI = 3.87–3.98, p<0.001), Whites (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 2.23–2.27, p<0.001), and Latino/Latinas (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.55–1.62, p<0.001). Among American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN), those who had used MMT had over thirty times the odds of racial discrimination, compared to their non-MMT counterparts (aOR = 32.78, 95% CI = 31.16–34.48, p<0.001). Conclusion Race/ethnicity alone did not sufficiently account for racial discrimination in healthcare settings among those with a lifetime OUD. MMT status was strongly associated with racial discrimination among AI/AN. Our strong interaction effect is indicative of an additional barrier to health services utilization among AI/AN, which has important implications for OUD treatment outcomes and comorbidities. Health promotion programs aimed at increased adoption of MMT are promising, but should be considered in the context of racial/ethnic disparities, drug use and MMT stigma, and implicit biases in clinical settings. |
Pro, George; Utter, Jeff; Cram, Jessica; Baldwin, Julie A Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2020. @article{Pro2020, title = {Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Associations of Medication-Assisted Therapy and Reduced Opioid Use between Outpatient Treatment Admission and Discharge}, author = {George Pro and Jeff Utter and Jessica Cram and Julie A Baldwin}, doi = {10.1080/02791072.2020.1717685}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-31}, journal = {Journal of Psychoactive Drugs}, abstract = {Medication-assisted therapy (MAT) for opioid use disorders is an effective treatment strategy. Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in MAT utilization have been documented, but less is known about disparities in MAT outcomes. We used the Treatment Episodes Dataset–Discharges (TEDS-D; 2015– 2017) to identify outpatient treatment episodes with heroin or illicit opioids indicated at admission (n = 232,547). We used multivariate logistic regression to model the association between MAT and a reduction in opioid use between treatment admission and discharge. We explored moderation by race/ethnicity and gender by including an interaction term. We identified a strong moderating effect of race/ethnicity and gender. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women demonstrated the strongest association between MAT (versus no MAT) and a reduction in opioid use (aOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 4.81– 7.61), while White men demonstrated the weakest association (aOR = 2.78, CI = 2.70– 2.87). Our findings could inform changes in clinical MAT settings that are based on harm reduction and the incremental transition from illicit opioids to medication-assistance among a diverse opioid use disorder population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Medication-assisted therapy (MAT) for opioid use disorders is an effective treatment strategy. Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in MAT utilization have been documented, but less is known about disparities in MAT outcomes. We used the Treatment Episodes Dataset–Discharges (TEDS-D; 2015– 2017) to identify outpatient treatment episodes with heroin or illicit opioids indicated at admission (n = 232,547). We used multivariate logistic regression to model the association between MAT and a reduction in opioid use between treatment admission and discharge. We explored moderation by race/ethnicity and gender by including an interaction term. We identified a strong moderating effect of race/ethnicity and gender. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women demonstrated the strongest association between MAT (versus no MAT) and a reduction in opioid use (aOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 4.81– 7.61), while White men demonstrated the weakest association (aOR = 2.78, CI = 2.70– 2.87). Our findings could inform changes in clinical MAT settings that are based on harm reduction and the incremental transition from illicit opioids to medication-assistance among a diverse opioid use disorder population. |
Rio, Carlos Del; Baldwin, Julie; Chapman, Edwin; Cooper, Hannah; Gustafson, David; Hagan, Holly; Newhouse, Robin; Rich, Josiah; Springer, Sandra; Thomas, David Opportunities to improve opioid use disorder and infectious disease services: Integrating responses to a dual epidemic Journal Article A Consensus Study Report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, 2020. @article{Rio2020, title = {Opportunities to improve opioid use disorder and infectious disease services: Integrating responses to a dual epidemic}, author = {Carlos Del Rio and Julie Baldwin and Edwin Chapman and Hannah Cooper and David Gustafson and Holly Hagan and Robin Newhouse and Josiah Rich and Sandra Springer and David Thomas}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17226/25626}, doi = {10.17226/25626}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-23}, journal = {A Consensus Study Report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine}, abstract = {Opioid use and infectious diseases are intertwined epidemics. Despite the fact that the United States is more than two decades into the opioid crisis—the cause of tens of thousands of deaths every year on its own—the health system has not sufficiently addressed the morbidity and mortality of drug use coupled with infectious diseases. This is at least in part due to traditional models of substance use disorder care wherein substance use disorder treatment is delivered independently of other medical care, thereby inhibiting the delivery of comprehensive care. As a result, the United States is experiencing a drastic increase in infectious diseases that spread with drug use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Opioid use and infectious diseases are intertwined epidemics. Despite the fact that the United States is more than two decades into the opioid crisis—the cause of tens of thousands of deaths every year on its own—the health system has not sufficiently addressed the morbidity and mortality of drug use coupled with infectious diseases. This is at least in part due to traditional models of substance use disorder care wherein substance use disorder treatment is delivered independently of other medical care, thereby inhibiting the delivery of comprehensive care. As a result, the United States is experiencing a drastic increase in infectious diseases that spread with drug use. |
Camplain, Ricky; Camplain, Carolyn; II, Robert Trotter T; Pro, George; Sabo, Samantha; Eaves, Emery; Peoples, Marie; Baldwin, Julie A Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018 Journal Article American Journal of Public Health, 110 (51), pp. 585-592, 2020. @article{Camplain2020c, title = {Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and Robert T. Trotter II and George Pro and Samantha Sabo and Emery Eaves and Marie Peoples and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305409}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2019.305409}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-22}, journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, volume = {110}, number = {51}, pages = {585-592}, abstract = {More than 60% of criminal justice–involved individuals are racial/ethnic minorities, even though these groups make up just 30% of the US population. Black, Latino, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are more likely to be incarcerated compared with White persons, 1–3 and police interactions among racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to result in arrest, even after accounting for arrest decision-making by police. Although it is clear that racial/ethnic minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, it is less clear how outcomes at different points of interactions with the criminal justice system, including entry into the system, prosecution and pretrial services, adjudication, sentencing and sanctions, and corrections,14 differ by race/ethnicity, specifically for drug- and alcohol-related offenses. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes among individuals arrested for drug- or alcohol-related reasons in a rural Southwest US county (the county) from 2009 to 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } More than 60% of criminal justice–involved individuals are racial/ethnic minorities, even though these groups make up just 30% of the US population. Black, Latino, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are more likely to be incarcerated compared with White persons, 1–3 and police interactions among racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to result in arrest, even after accounting for arrest decision-making by police. Although it is clear that racial/ethnic minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, it is less clear how outcomes at different points of interactions with the criminal justice system, including entry into the system, prosecution and pretrial services, adjudication, sentencing and sanctions, and corrections,14 differ by race/ethnicity, specifically for drug- and alcohol-related offenses. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes among individuals arrested for drug- or alcohol-related reasons in a rural Southwest US county (the county) from 2009 to 2018. |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; de Heer, Brooke; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2020. @article{Pro2020bb, title = {A National Epidemiologic Profile of Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Supportive Childhood Relationships: Group Differences in Predicted Trends and Associations}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Brooke de Heer and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00696-4}, doi = {10.1007/s40615-019-00696-4}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores. |
Camplain, Ricky; Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela; Alvarez, Carolina; Wilson, Rebbecca; Perreira, Krista M; Castañeda, Sheila F; Merchant, Gina; Gellman, Marc D; Chambers, Earle C; Gallo, Linda C; Evenson, Kelly R ScienceDirect, 17 , 2020. @article{Camplain2020b, title = {The association of acculturation with accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Daniela Sotres-Alvarez and Carolina Alvarez and Rebbecca Wilson and Krista M. Perreira and Sheila F. Castañeda and Gina Merchant and Marc D. Gellman and Earle C. Chambers and Linda C. Gallo and Kelly R. Evenson }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101050}, doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.024}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-06}, journal = {ScienceDirect}, volume = {17}, abstract = {The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships. |
Camplain, Ricky ; Pinn, Travis ; Williamson, Heather J; Pro, George ; Becenti, Lyle ; Bret, James ; Luna, Crystal ; Baldwin, Julie A Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (349), pp. 1-11, 2020. @article{Camplain2020, title = {Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings}, author = {Camplain, Ricky and Pinn, Travis and Williamson, Heather J and Pro, George and Becenti, Lyle and Bret, James and Luna, Crystal and Baldwin, Julie A. }, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010349}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-03}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, number = {349}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users’ physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users’ physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities. |
de Heer, Brooke; Heffern, Jade K; Cheney, Julianna S; Secakuku, Aaron; Baldwin, Julie American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 27 (1), 2020. @article{deHeer2020, title = {A Community-Based Evaluation of a Culturally Grounded, American Indian After-School Prevention Program: The Value of Practitioner-Researcher Collaboration}, author = {Brooke de Heer and Jade K. Heffern and Julianna S. Cheney and Aaron Secakuku and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu/docs/librariesprovider205/journal_files/vol27/27_1_2020_1_de_heer.pdf?sfvrsn=c3fbe0b9_2}, doi = {10.5820/aian.2701.2020.1}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, abstract = {Programs serving American Indian (AI) youth are an important component of maintaining cultural identity and healthy lifestyles. The current research took a community-engaged approach to evaluate an urban AI youth after-school program that has transitioned into a culturally grounded prevention program. Ways to create a successful research collaboration between AI communities and academics is discussed as well as implications for understanding the importance of culturally-grounded programs for AI youth who reside in urban areas. Overall, the cultural and health components that are integrated into the after-school program were highlighted as primary strengths because they help foster a healthy lifestyle and deeper connection to the heritage/culture for the youth who participated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Programs serving American Indian (AI) youth are an important component of maintaining cultural identity and healthy lifestyles. The current research took a community-engaged approach to evaluate an urban AI youth after-school program that has transitioned into a culturally grounded prevention program. Ways to create a successful research collaboration between AI communities and academics is discussed as well as implications for understanding the importance of culturally-grounded programs for AI youth who reside in urban areas. Overall, the cultural and health components that are integrated into the after-school program were highlighted as primary strengths because they help foster a healthy lifestyle and deeper connection to the heritage/culture for the youth who participated. |
2019 |
Samantha Sabo Matthew Butler, Kelly McCue Patrick Wightman Vern Pilling Martín Celaya Sara Rumann Evaluation protocol to assess maternal and child health outcomes using administrative data: a community health worker home visiting programme Journal Article BMJ Open, 9 (12), pp. 1–9, 2019. @article{Sabo2019, title = {Evaluation protocol to assess maternal and child health outcomes using administrative data: a community health worker home visiting programme}, author = {Samantha Sabo, Matthew Butler, Kelly McCue, Patrick Wightman, Vern Pilling, Martín Celaya, Sara Rumann}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031780}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031780}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {1–9}, abstract = {Emerging evidence suggests community health workers (CHWs) delivering preventive maternal and child health (MCH) interventions through home visiting improve several important health outcomes, including initiation of prenatal care, healthy birth weight and uptake of childhood immunizations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emerging evidence suggests community health workers (CHWs) delivering preventive maternal and child health (MCH) interventions through home visiting improve several important health outcomes, including initiation of prenatal care, healthy birth weight and uptake of childhood immunizations. |