NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Lee, Michele S; Diaz, Monica L; Bassford, Tamsen L; Armin, Julie S; Williamson, Heather J Providing Equitable Access to Health Care for Individuals with Disabilities: An Important Challenge for Medical Education Journal Article HPHR, 44 , 2022. @article{Lee2022, title = {Providing Equitable Access to Health Care for Individuals with Disabilities: An Important Challenge for Medical Education}, author = { Michele S. Lee and Monica L. Diaz and Tamsen L. Bassford and Julie S. Armin and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://hphr.org/44-article-lee/}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-29}, journal = {HPHR}, volume = {44}, abstract = {In a recent national survey, over 50% of physicians reported not feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. This finding is troubling as physicians are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) to ensure their practice is accessible to individuals with disabilities. This commentary addresses the need for including disability in medical education and to provide inclusive and quality care for individuals with disabilities. We offer four recommendations to enhance medical school curricula that would educate medical students to provide equitable health services to individuals with disabilities: 1) embed disability training throughout medical education; 2) educate medical students to recognize multiple models of disability; 3) include education and experience with universal design and supported decision-making; and 4) include individuals with all types of disabilities in medical education. Including disability education for medical students should better prepare future physicians for feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In a recent national survey, over 50% of physicians reported not feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. This finding is troubling as physicians are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) to ensure their practice is accessible to individuals with disabilities. This commentary addresses the need for including disability in medical education and to provide inclusive and quality care for individuals with disabilities. We offer four recommendations to enhance medical school curricula that would educate medical students to provide equitable health services to individuals with disabilities: 1) embed disability training throughout medical education; 2) educate medical students to recognize multiple models of disability; 3) include education and experience with universal design and supported decision-making; and 4) include individuals with all types of disabilities in medical education. Including disability education for medical students should better prepare future physicians for feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. |
Cluff, Emily; Magdaleno, Carina C; Fernandez, Emyly; House, Trenton; Swaminathan, Srividya; Varadaraj, Archana; Rajasekaran, Narendiran Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022. @article{Cluff2022, title = {Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression is induced by IL-2 via the PI3K/mTOR pathway in hypoxic NK cells and supports effector functions in NKL cells and ex vivo expanded NK cells}, author = {Emily Cluff and Carina C. Magdaleno and Emyly Fernandez and Trenton House and Srividya Swaminathan and Archana Varadaraj and Narendiran Rajasekaran}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, doi = {10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-01}, journal = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy}, abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. |
Bosch, Pamela R; Karmarkar, Amol M; Roy, Indrakshi; Fehnel, Corey R; Burke, Robert E; Kumar, Amit Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity Journal Article JAMA Netw Open, 5 (3), 2022. @article{Bosch2022, title = {Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity}, author = {Pamela R. Bosch and Amol M. Karmarkar and Indrakshi Roy and Corey R. Fehnel and Robert E. Burke and Amit Kumar}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790579}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4596}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-31}, journal = {JAMA Netw Open}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, abstract = {Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using Medicare claims data for patients with ischemic stroke admitted to acute hospitals in the United States from October 1, 2016, to December, 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from July 2021 and January 2022. Exposures Dual enrollment for Medicare and Medicaid; race and ethnicity categorized as White, Black, Hispanic, and other.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using Medicare claims data for patients with ischemic stroke admitted to acute hospitals in the United States from October 1, 2016, to December, 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from July 2021 and January 2022. Exposures Dual enrollment for Medicare and Medicaid; race and ethnicity categorized as White, Black, Hispanic, and other. |
Ignacio, Matt; Oesterle, Sabrina; Mercado, Micaela; Carver, Ann; Lopez, Gilberto; Wolfersteig, Wendy; Ayers, Stephanie; Ki, Seol; Hamm, Kathryn; Parthasarathy, Sairam; Berryhill, Adam; Evans, Linnea; Sabo, Samantha; Doubeni, Chyke Nature Public Health Emergency Collection, pp. 1-13, 2022. @article{Ignacio2022, title = {Narratives from African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latinx community members in Arizona to enhance COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination uptake}, author = {Matt Ignacio and Sabrina Oesterle and Micaela Mercado and Ann Carver and Gilberto Lopez and Wendy Wolfersteig and Stephanie Ayers and Seol Ki and Kathryn Hamm and Sairam Parthasarathy and Adam Berryhill and Linnea Evans and Samantha Sabo and Chyke Doubeni}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942760/}, doi = {10.1007/s10865-022-00300-x}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-24}, journal = {Nature Public Health Emergency Collection}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska Native (Native), and Hispanic/Latinx (HLX) individuals. To reduce disparities and promote health equity, researchers from Arizona State University, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona formed a partnership with community organizations to conduct state-wide community-engaged research and outreach. This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in science, vaccine confidence and to promote uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska Native (Native), and Hispanic/Latinx (HLX) individuals. To reduce disparities and promote health equity, researchers from Arizona State University, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona formed a partnership with community organizations to conduct state-wide community-engaged research and outreach. This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in science, vaccine confidence and to promote uptake. |
Pro, George; Liebert, Melissa; Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Montgomery, Brooke E E; Zaller, Nickolas Homeless Opioid Treatment Clients Transitioning to Dependent and Independent Housing: Differential Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity Journal Article Substance Use & Misuse, 57 (6), pp. 867-875 , 2022. @article{Pro2022, title = {Homeless Opioid Treatment Clients Transitioning to Dependent and Independent Housing: Differential Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity}, author = {George Pro and Melissa Liebert and Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Brooke E.E Montgomery and Nickolas Zaller}, doi = {10.1080/10826084.2022.2046097}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-02}, journal = {Substance Use & Misuse}, volume = {57}, number = {6}, pages = {867-875 }, abstract = {Homeless opioid treatment clients who transition into housing generally demonstrate better outcomes, but housing environments vary widely and may not benefit racial/ethnic minority populations equally. We sought to identify how race/ethnicity moderates the association between positive opioid treatment response and moving into dependent or independent living environments. Methods: We used the Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (2018–2019) to identify outpatient treatment clients who were homeless at admission and indicated heroin or other opioids as their primary drug of choice (n = 20,021). We defined positive treatment response as a reduction in opioid use between admission and discharge. We used multivariable logistic regression to model treatment response. We included an interaction between housing at discharge (remained homeless [reference], dependent living, or independent living) and race/ethnicity, and adjusted for relevant confounders. Results: Transitioning from homeless to dependent living was positively associated with treatment response among White (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI = 3.15-4.06), Hispanic (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.55-2.86), and Black clients (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41-2.27), but no association was observed for homeless American Indian/Alaska Native clients. Transitioning from homeless to independent living was strongly associated with treatment response among all groups with the strongest association observed among White clients (aOR = 4.70, 95% CI = 4.26-5.19). Conclusions: Interventions aimed at improving OUD treatment outcomes among homeless clients should identify individual and structural factors that support moving into fully housed and independent living environments. Dependent living offers needed support during crises, but should be temporary and priority should be placed on independent, permanent, and autonomous living environments.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Homeless opioid treatment clients who transition into housing generally demonstrate better outcomes, but housing environments vary widely and may not benefit racial/ethnic minority populations equally. We sought to identify how race/ethnicity moderates the association between positive opioid treatment response and moving into dependent or independent living environments. Methods: We used the Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (2018–2019) to identify outpatient treatment clients who were homeless at admission and indicated heroin or other opioids as their primary drug of choice (n = 20,021). We defined positive treatment response as a reduction in opioid use between admission and discharge. We used multivariable logistic regression to model treatment response. We included an interaction between housing at discharge (remained homeless [reference], dependent living, or independent living) and race/ethnicity, and adjusted for relevant confounders. Results: Transitioning from homeless to dependent living was positively associated with treatment response among White (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI = 3.15-4.06), Hispanic (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.55-2.86), and Black clients (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41-2.27), but no association was observed for homeless American Indian/Alaska Native clients. Transitioning from homeless to independent living was strongly associated with treatment response among all groups with the strongest association observed among White clients (aOR = 4.70, 95% CI = 4.26-5.19). Conclusions: Interventions aimed at improving OUD treatment outcomes among homeless clients should identify individual and structural factors that support moving into fully housed and independent living environments. Dependent living offers needed support during crises, but should be temporary and priority should be placed on independent, permanent, and autonomous living environments. |
Pepic, Vesna; McWilliams, Suzanne; Williamson, Shaylynne Shuler Heather J; Secakuku, Aaron Evaluating the Impact of a Culturally Sensitive Art Program on the Resilience, Perceived Stress, and Mood of Urban American Indian Youth Journal Article American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Journal, 29 (1), pp. 37-58, 2022. @article{Pepic2022, title = {Evaluating the Impact of a Culturally Sensitive Art Program on the Resilience, Perceived Stress, and Mood of Urban American Indian Youth}, author = {Vesna Pepic and Suzanne McWilliams and Shaylynne Shuler Heather J. Williamson and Aaron Secakuku}, url = {https://coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu/docs/librariesprovider205/journal_files/vol29/29_1_2022_37_pepic.pdf}, doi = {10.5820/aian.2901.2022.37}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-01}, journal = {American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {37-58}, abstract = {American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth face a history of adversity and trauma that are linked to academic and health concerns. Culturally grounded art-based interventions hold promise to address challenges faced by AI youth. AI culture and wisdom can evoke a sense of capability in youth that strengthens their resilience. This study sought to evaluate a culturally oriented art therapy curriculum on its impact on resilience, stress, and mood for AI youth (n = 36). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the perceived stress scores of the participants before and after a 12-week art intervention. There was a significant decrease in participant perceived stress between the pre (M = 16.7, SD = 4.7) and post conditions (M = 20.4, SD = 4.6); t (24) =, -3.5 p = 0.002). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the mood of each participant before and after each instance of art activity to see if there was a self-reported change in mood. There was a significant improvement in participant mood in 10 out of 11 of the intervention weeks. Although no statistically significant change was found in participant resilience, participants in this study did report high levels of resilience. This study provides promising evidence that a culturally salient after-school art curriculum program can reduce stress and improve mood for urban AI youth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth face a history of adversity and trauma that are linked to academic and health concerns. Culturally grounded art-based interventions hold promise to address challenges faced by AI youth. AI culture and wisdom can evoke a sense of capability in youth that strengthens their resilience. This study sought to evaluate a culturally oriented art therapy curriculum on its impact on resilience, stress, and mood for AI youth (n = 36). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the perceived stress scores of the participants before and after a 12-week art intervention. There was a significant decrease in participant perceived stress between the pre (M = 16.7, SD = 4.7) and post conditions (M = 20.4, SD = 4.6); t (24) =, -3.5 p = 0.002). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the mood of each participant before and after each instance of art activity to see if there was a self-reported change in mood. There was a significant improvement in participant mood in 10 out of 11 of the intervention weeks. Although no statistically significant change was found in participant resilience, participants in this study did report high levels of resilience. This study provides promising evidence that a culturally salient after-school art curriculum program can reduce stress and improve mood for urban AI youth. |
Dreifuss, Heather M; Belin, Kalvina L; Wilson, Jamie; George, Shawndeena; Waters, Amber-Rose; Bauer, Carmella Kahn 1and Mark B C; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Engaging Native American High School Students in Public Health Career Preparation Through the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program Journal Article Frontiers in Public Heath, 10 , 2022. @article{Dreifuss2022, title = {Engaging Native American High School Students in Public Health Career Preparation Through the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program}, author = {Heather M Dreifuss and Kalvina L Belin and Jamie Wilson and Shawndeena George and Amber-Rose Waters and Carmella B Kahn 1and Mark C Bauer and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35273937/10.3389/fpubh.2022.789994}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.789994}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-22}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Heath}, volume = {10}, abstract = {Native American populations are systematically marginalized in the healthcare and public health workforce. One effective approach to reduce health disparities and improve health care delivery among Indigenous populations is to train more Native American health professionals who integrate academic and cultural knowledge to understand and influence health behaviors and perspectives. Diné College partnered with Northern Arizona University to develop the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health (NARCH) Partnership, funded by the National Institutes of Health. The high school component of the Navajo NARCH Partnership created the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP), a 1-week summer training program providing exposure to health careers and mentorship in pursuing public health careers for Native American high school students. ISEP utilizes the Diné Educational Philosophy (DEP), a Navajo conceptual framework to serve as the foundation of the program. In 2020-2021, due to COVID-19 restrictions, the DEP model had to be incorporated in the Navajo NARCH high school virtual program activities. ISEP used 2018 and 2019 past program evaluation data to inform the virtual programming. Students' perception of the program was collected using an online Qualtrics evaluation questionnaire. Students stated appreciation for program staff, fellow students, peer mentors and culturally relevant learning experiences in both virtual and in-person environments. Recommendations included: expanding the length of ISEP and continuing the hands-on activities and Public Health Leadership series}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native American populations are systematically marginalized in the healthcare and public health workforce. One effective approach to reduce health disparities and improve health care delivery among Indigenous populations is to train more Native American health professionals who integrate academic and cultural knowledge to understand and influence health behaviors and perspectives. Diné College partnered with Northern Arizona University to develop the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health (NARCH) Partnership, funded by the National Institutes of Health. The high school component of the Navajo NARCH Partnership created the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP), a 1-week summer training program providing exposure to health careers and mentorship in pursuing public health careers for Native American high school students. ISEP utilizes the Diné Educational Philosophy (DEP), a Navajo conceptual framework to serve as the foundation of the program. In 2020-2021, due to COVID-19 restrictions, the DEP model had to be incorporated in the Navajo NARCH high school virtual program activities. ISEP used 2018 and 2019 past program evaluation data to inform the virtual programming. Students' perception of the program was collected using an online Qualtrics evaluation questionnaire. Students stated appreciation for program staff, fellow students, peer mentors and culturally relevant learning experiences in both virtual and in-person environments. Recommendations included: expanding the length of ISEP and continuing the hands-on activities and Public Health Leadership series |
Hunter, Amanda M; Carlos, Mikah; Nuño, Velia L; Tippeconnic-Fox, Mary Jo; Carvajal, Scott; Yuan, Nicole P Native Spirit: Development of a culturally grounded after-school program to promote well-being among American Indian adolescents Journal Article American Journal of Community Psychology, 2022. @article{Hunter2022, title = {Native Spirit: Development of a culturally grounded after-school program to promote well-being among American Indian adolescents}, author = {Amanda M. Hunter and Mikah Carlos and Velia L. Nuño and Mary Jo Tippeconnic-Fox and Scott Carvajal and Nicole P. Yuan}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12590}, doi = {10.1002/ajcp.12590}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-22}, journal = {American Journal of Community Psychology}, abstract = {Culturally grounded after-school programs (ASPs), based on local cultural values and practices, are often developed and implemented by and for the local community. Culturally grounded programs promote health and well-being for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents by allowing them to reconnect to cultural teachings that have faced attempted historical and contemporary erasure. This article is a first-person account that describes the development and implementation of a culturally grounded ASP, Native Spirit (NS), for AI adolescents (grades 7–12) living on a Southwest urban-based reservation. NS, a 13-session culturally grounded ASP, was developed by an academic–community partnership that focuses on increasing cultural engagement as a form of positive youth development. Each session was guided by one to two local cultural practitioners and community leaders. The development of the NS program contributed to an Indigenous prevention science that emphasizes the positive impacts of Indigenous culture and community on health and well-being. The use of the ASP format, in partnership with the Boys & Girls Club, increased the feasibility of dissemination and refinement of the NS program by tribal communities and organizations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Culturally grounded after-school programs (ASPs), based on local cultural values and practices, are often developed and implemented by and for the local community. Culturally grounded programs promote health and well-being for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents by allowing them to reconnect to cultural teachings that have faced attempted historical and contemporary erasure. This article is a first-person account that describes the development and implementation of a culturally grounded ASP, Native Spirit (NS), for AI adolescents (grades 7–12) living on a Southwest urban-based reservation. NS, a 13-session culturally grounded ASP, was developed by an academic–community partnership that focuses on increasing cultural engagement as a form of positive youth development. Each session was guided by one to two local cultural practitioners and community leaders. The development of the NS program contributed to an Indigenous prevention science that emphasizes the positive impacts of Indigenous culture and community on health and well-being. The use of the ASP format, in partnership with the Boys & Girls Club, increased the feasibility of dissemination and refinement of the NS program by tribal communities and organizations. |
Tomasa, Lynne; Williamson, Heather J Belonging and inclusion during the aging process for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities Book Forthcoming Springer, Forthcoming. @book{Tomasa2022, title = {Belonging and inclusion during the aging process for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities}, author = {Lynne Tomasa and Heather J Williamson}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, booktitle = {Engaging communities to foster belonging for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities}, publisher = {Springer}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {book} } |
Wagner, Eric F; Lowe, John Chapter 14: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders in Native Americans Journal Article Forthcoming Forthcoming. @article{Wagner2022, title = {Chapter 14: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders in Native Americans}, author = {Eric F Wagner and John Lowe}, editor = {Edward Chang and Christina A Downey}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, booktitle = {Historical Context and Cultural Competence in Substance Use Disorder}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Camplain, Ricky; Lininger, Monica; Baldwin, Julie A; Trotter, Robert T Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire among jail inmates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Journal Article Forthcoming Clearinghouse, Forthcoming. @article{Camplain2022, title = {Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire among jail inmates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Monica Lininger and Julie A Baldwin and Robert T Trotter}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {Clearinghouse}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Camplain, Ricky; Becenti, Lyle; Pinn, Travis; Williamson, Heather; Pro, George Physical Activity Patterns Among Women Incarcerated in Jail Journal Article Journal of Correct Health Care, 28 (1), pp. 6-11, 2022. @article{Camplain2022c, title = {Physical Activity Patterns Among Women Incarcerated in Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Lyle Becenti and Travis Pinn and Heather Williamson and George Pro}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34846925/}, doi = {10.1089/jchc.20.05.0041}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {Journal of Correct Health Care}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {6-11}, abstract = {The physical and mental health benefits of physical activity in all populations are well established. In 2019, incarcerated women at a Southwest county jail were observed during "recreation time," a time when physical activity is encouraged, to identify the proportion of women who participated in recreation time and their physical activity levels. During observed recreation times, 28% of women attended; 56% were sedentary, 4% engaged in vigorous physical activity, and approximately 40% walked or performed similarly moderate physical activity. Future research should identify barriers to being physically active while incarcerated, leading to targeted interventions to promote physical activity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The physical and mental health benefits of physical activity in all populations are well established. In 2019, incarcerated women at a Southwest county jail were observed during "recreation time," a time when physical activity is encouraged, to identify the proportion of women who participated in recreation time and their physical activity levels. During observed recreation times, 28% of women attended; 56% were sedentary, 4% engaged in vigorous physical activity, and approximately 40% walked or performed similarly moderate physical activity. Future research should identify barriers to being physically active while incarcerated, leading to targeted interventions to promote physical activity. |
Camplain, Ricky; Chief, Carmenlita; Camplain, Carolyn; Teufel-shone, Nicolette; Baldwin, Julie A American Indian/Alaska Native Involvement in the US Justice System: Trends, Health Impacts and Health Disparities Journal Article Forthcoming Indigenous Justice Series: Indigenous Peoples, Health, Resilience and Justice, Forthcoming. @article{Camplain2022b, title = {American Indian/Alaska Native Involvement in the US Justice System: Trends, Health Impacts and Health Disparities}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Carmenlita Chief and Carolyn Camplain and Nicolette Teufel-shone and Julie A Baldwin}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {Indigenous Justice Series: Indigenous Peoples, Health, Resilience and Justice}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Lau, PWC; Ma, FK; Ransdell, LB; Wu, W; Wang, JJ An investigation into opening school sport facilities to community use in Hong Kong Journal Article Forthcoming World Leisure Journal, Forthcoming. @article{Lau2022, title = {An investigation into opening school sport facilities to community use in Hong Kong}, author = {PWC Lau and FK Ma and LB Ransdell and W Wu and JJ Wang}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {World Leisure Journal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Evie Y; Remiker, Mark; Hustead, Morgan Lee-Regalado; Bacon, Rachel; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Dorothy Dunn &Julie J Aging & Mental Health, 2022. @article{McCarthy2022, title = {Diverse rural caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias: analysis of health factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community level}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Y. Evie Garcia and Mark Remiker and Morgan Lee-Regalado Hustead and Rachel Bacon and Heather J. Williamson and Dorothy J. Dunn &Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-31}, journal = {Aging & Mental Health}, abstract = {Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Warren, Meghan; Shaibi, Stefany D; Fabricant, Maximilian; Falvey, Jason R; Vashist, Amit; Karmarkar, Amol M Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery Journal Article Physical Therapy, 2022. @article{Kumar2022, title = {Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Meghan Warren and Stefany D Shaibi and Maximilian Fabricant and Jason R Falvey and Amit Vashist and Amol M Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, doi = {10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-13}, journal = {Physical Therapy}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models. |
Harris, Robin B; Brown, Heidi E; Begay, Rachelle L; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Chief, Carmenlita; Monroy, Fernando P; Oren, Eyal Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (2), pp. 797, 2022. @article{Harris2022, title = {Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona}, author = {Robin B. Harris and Heidi E. Brown and Rachelle L. Begay and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Carmenlita Chief and Fernando P. Monroy and Eyal Oren }, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/797}, doi = {1660-4601/19/2/797}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-12}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {797}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment. |
Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Jiménez, Dulce; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron; Chief, Carmenlita; Williamson, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study Journal Article JMIR Formative Research, 5 (5), 2021. @article{Remiker2021, title = {Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study}, author = {Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Dulce Jiménez and Alexandra Samarron Longorio and Carmenlita Chief and Heather Williamson and Nicolette Teufel-Shone }, url = {https://formative.jmir.org/2021/5/e25577}, doi = {10.2196/25577}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-05}, journal = {JMIR Formative Research}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts. |
Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T; Remiker, Mark; Buck, Loren C; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank A A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned Journal Article Muse, 15 (4), pp. 533-540, 2021. @article{Baldwin2021, title = {A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned}, author = {Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II and Mark Remiker and C. Loren Buck and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank A. von Hippel}, url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/842128}, doi = {10.1353/cpr.2021.0043}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-01}, journal = {Muse}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {533-540}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, abstract = {Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes. |
Solomon, TG Arambula; Jones, D; Laurila, L; Ritchey, J; Cordova-Marks, FM; Hunter, AU; Villanueva, B Using the Community Readiness Model to Assess American Indian Communities Readiness to Address Cancer Prevention and Control Programs Journal Article Journal of Cancer Education, 2021. @article{Solomon2021, title = {Using the Community Readiness Model to Assess American Indian Communities Readiness to Address Cancer Prevention and Control Programs}, author = {TG Arambula Solomon and D Jones and L Laurila and J Ritchey and FM Cordova-Marks and AU Hunter and B Villanueva}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-021-02100-4}, doi = {10.1007/s13187-021-02100-4}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-29}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Education}, abstract = {Cancer disparities continue among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations while they have decreased among other racial and ethnic groups. No studies were found that utilized the Community Readiness Model (CRM) to ascertain the readiness of Tribal and American Indian organizations to participate in cancer research and cancer prevention and control initiatives. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention conducted an assessment of the status of American Indian communities’ readiness to implement activities for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve AI/AN cancer rates. The assessment was a component of the Community Outreach Core of the grant. Thirty-four key Informants participated in the interview process. The Community Readiness Assessment (CRA) provided a baseline assessment of community partners’ readiness to participate in cancer research and programming. Despite years of cancer intervention programs, the communities were classified as being in the early stages of readiness [1–5] of the nine-stage model. Additionally, findings showed low levels of awareness of previous or ongoing cancer research. The findings in prevention and control efforts indicated a need for technical assistance and funding to support community projects in prevention and control. This supported the implementation of a community grants initiative. They also indicated that communities were not ready to conduct research, despite ongoing cancer related research in at least two communities. Communication tools and social media methods and messages were developed to increase awareness of cancer as a health concern and cancer research in the community. The CRM informed these and other engagement activities to meet the appropriate stage of readiness for each Tribe/community, and to build their capacity to participate in cancer research and programming activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cancer disparities continue among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations while they have decreased among other racial and ethnic groups. No studies were found that utilized the Community Readiness Model (CRM) to ascertain the readiness of Tribal and American Indian organizations to participate in cancer research and cancer prevention and control initiatives. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention conducted an assessment of the status of American Indian communities’ readiness to implement activities for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve AI/AN cancer rates. The assessment was a component of the Community Outreach Core of the grant. Thirty-four key Informants participated in the interview process. The Community Readiness Assessment (CRA) provided a baseline assessment of community partners’ readiness to participate in cancer research and programming. Despite years of cancer intervention programs, the communities were classified as being in the early stages of readiness [1–5] of the nine-stage model. Additionally, findings showed low levels of awareness of previous or ongoing cancer research. The findings in prevention and control efforts indicated a need for technical assistance and funding to support community projects in prevention and control. This supported the implementation of a community grants initiative. They also indicated that communities were not ready to conduct research, despite ongoing cancer related research in at least two communities. Communication tools and social media methods and messages were developed to increase awareness of cancer as a health concern and cancer research in the community. The CRM informed these and other engagement activities to meet the appropriate stage of readiness for each Tribe/community, and to build their capacity to participate in cancer research and programming activities. |
2022 |
Lee, Michele S; Diaz, Monica L; Bassford, Tamsen L; Armin, Julie S; Williamson, Heather J Providing Equitable Access to Health Care for Individuals with Disabilities: An Important Challenge for Medical Education Journal Article HPHR, 44 , 2022. @article{Lee2022, title = {Providing Equitable Access to Health Care for Individuals with Disabilities: An Important Challenge for Medical Education}, author = { Michele S. Lee and Monica L. Diaz and Tamsen L. Bassford and Julie S. Armin and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://hphr.org/44-article-lee/}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-29}, journal = {HPHR}, volume = {44}, abstract = {In a recent national survey, over 50% of physicians reported not feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. This finding is troubling as physicians are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) to ensure their practice is accessible to individuals with disabilities. This commentary addresses the need for including disability in medical education and to provide inclusive and quality care for individuals with disabilities. We offer four recommendations to enhance medical school curricula that would educate medical students to provide equitable health services to individuals with disabilities: 1) embed disability training throughout medical education; 2) educate medical students to recognize multiple models of disability; 3) include education and experience with universal design and supported decision-making; and 4) include individuals with all types of disabilities in medical education. Including disability education for medical students should better prepare future physicians for feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In a recent national survey, over 50% of physicians reported not feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. This finding is troubling as physicians are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) to ensure their practice is accessible to individuals with disabilities. This commentary addresses the need for including disability in medical education and to provide inclusive and quality care for individuals with disabilities. We offer four recommendations to enhance medical school curricula that would educate medical students to provide equitable health services to individuals with disabilities: 1) embed disability training throughout medical education; 2) educate medical students to recognize multiple models of disability; 3) include education and experience with universal design and supported decision-making; and 4) include individuals with all types of disabilities in medical education. Including disability education for medical students should better prepare future physicians for feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. |
Cluff, Emily; Magdaleno, Carina C; Fernandez, Emyly; House, Trenton; Swaminathan, Srividya; Varadaraj, Archana; Rajasekaran, Narendiran Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022. @article{Cluff2022, title = {Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression is induced by IL-2 via the PI3K/mTOR pathway in hypoxic NK cells and supports effector functions in NKL cells and ex vivo expanded NK cells}, author = {Emily Cluff and Carina C. Magdaleno and Emyly Fernandez and Trenton House and Srividya Swaminathan and Archana Varadaraj and Narendiran Rajasekaran}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, doi = {10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-01}, journal = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy}, abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. |
Bosch, Pamela R; Karmarkar, Amol M; Roy, Indrakshi; Fehnel, Corey R; Burke, Robert E; Kumar, Amit Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity Journal Article JAMA Netw Open, 5 (3), 2022. @article{Bosch2022, title = {Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity}, author = {Pamela R. Bosch and Amol M. Karmarkar and Indrakshi Roy and Corey R. Fehnel and Robert E. Burke and Amit Kumar}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790579}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4596}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-31}, journal = {JAMA Netw Open}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, abstract = {Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using Medicare claims data for patients with ischemic stroke admitted to acute hospitals in the United States from October 1, 2016, to December, 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from July 2021 and January 2022. Exposures Dual enrollment for Medicare and Medicaid; race and ethnicity categorized as White, Black, Hispanic, and other.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using Medicare claims data for patients with ischemic stroke admitted to acute hospitals in the United States from October 1, 2016, to December, 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from July 2021 and January 2022. Exposures Dual enrollment for Medicare and Medicaid; race and ethnicity categorized as White, Black, Hispanic, and other. |
Ignacio, Matt; Oesterle, Sabrina; Mercado, Micaela; Carver, Ann; Lopez, Gilberto; Wolfersteig, Wendy; Ayers, Stephanie; Ki, Seol; Hamm, Kathryn; Parthasarathy, Sairam; Berryhill, Adam; Evans, Linnea; Sabo, Samantha; Doubeni, Chyke Nature Public Health Emergency Collection, pp. 1-13, 2022. @article{Ignacio2022, title = {Narratives from African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latinx community members in Arizona to enhance COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination uptake}, author = {Matt Ignacio and Sabrina Oesterle and Micaela Mercado and Ann Carver and Gilberto Lopez and Wendy Wolfersteig and Stephanie Ayers and Seol Ki and Kathryn Hamm and Sairam Parthasarathy and Adam Berryhill and Linnea Evans and Samantha Sabo and Chyke Doubeni}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942760/}, doi = {10.1007/s10865-022-00300-x}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-24}, journal = {Nature Public Health Emergency Collection}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska Native (Native), and Hispanic/Latinx (HLX) individuals. To reduce disparities and promote health equity, researchers from Arizona State University, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona formed a partnership with community organizations to conduct state-wide community-engaged research and outreach. This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in science, vaccine confidence and to promote uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska Native (Native), and Hispanic/Latinx (HLX) individuals. To reduce disparities and promote health equity, researchers from Arizona State University, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona formed a partnership with community organizations to conduct state-wide community-engaged research and outreach. This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in science, vaccine confidence and to promote uptake. |
Pro, George; Liebert, Melissa; Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Montgomery, Brooke E E; Zaller, Nickolas Homeless Opioid Treatment Clients Transitioning to Dependent and Independent Housing: Differential Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity Journal Article Substance Use & Misuse, 57 (6), pp. 867-875 , 2022. @article{Pro2022, title = {Homeless Opioid Treatment Clients Transitioning to Dependent and Independent Housing: Differential Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity}, author = {George Pro and Melissa Liebert and Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Brooke E.E Montgomery and Nickolas Zaller}, doi = {10.1080/10826084.2022.2046097}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-02}, journal = {Substance Use & Misuse}, volume = {57}, number = {6}, pages = {867-875 }, abstract = {Homeless opioid treatment clients who transition into housing generally demonstrate better outcomes, but housing environments vary widely and may not benefit racial/ethnic minority populations equally. We sought to identify how race/ethnicity moderates the association between positive opioid treatment response and moving into dependent or independent living environments. Methods: We used the Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (2018–2019) to identify outpatient treatment clients who were homeless at admission and indicated heroin or other opioids as their primary drug of choice (n = 20,021). We defined positive treatment response as a reduction in opioid use between admission and discharge. We used multivariable logistic regression to model treatment response. We included an interaction between housing at discharge (remained homeless [reference], dependent living, or independent living) and race/ethnicity, and adjusted for relevant confounders. Results: Transitioning from homeless to dependent living was positively associated with treatment response among White (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI = 3.15-4.06), Hispanic (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.55-2.86), and Black clients (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41-2.27), but no association was observed for homeless American Indian/Alaska Native clients. Transitioning from homeless to independent living was strongly associated with treatment response among all groups with the strongest association observed among White clients (aOR = 4.70, 95% CI = 4.26-5.19). Conclusions: Interventions aimed at improving OUD treatment outcomes among homeless clients should identify individual and structural factors that support moving into fully housed and independent living environments. Dependent living offers needed support during crises, but should be temporary and priority should be placed on independent, permanent, and autonomous living environments.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Homeless opioid treatment clients who transition into housing generally demonstrate better outcomes, but housing environments vary widely and may not benefit racial/ethnic minority populations equally. We sought to identify how race/ethnicity moderates the association between positive opioid treatment response and moving into dependent or independent living environments. Methods: We used the Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (2018–2019) to identify outpatient treatment clients who were homeless at admission and indicated heroin or other opioids as their primary drug of choice (n = 20,021). We defined positive treatment response as a reduction in opioid use between admission and discharge. We used multivariable logistic regression to model treatment response. We included an interaction between housing at discharge (remained homeless [reference], dependent living, or independent living) and race/ethnicity, and adjusted for relevant confounders. Results: Transitioning from homeless to dependent living was positively associated with treatment response among White (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI = 3.15-4.06), Hispanic (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.55-2.86), and Black clients (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41-2.27), but no association was observed for homeless American Indian/Alaska Native clients. Transitioning from homeless to independent living was strongly associated with treatment response among all groups with the strongest association observed among White clients (aOR = 4.70, 95% CI = 4.26-5.19). Conclusions: Interventions aimed at improving OUD treatment outcomes among homeless clients should identify individual and structural factors that support moving into fully housed and independent living environments. Dependent living offers needed support during crises, but should be temporary and priority should be placed on independent, permanent, and autonomous living environments. |
Pepic, Vesna; McWilliams, Suzanne; Williamson, Shaylynne Shuler Heather J; Secakuku, Aaron Evaluating the Impact of a Culturally Sensitive Art Program on the Resilience, Perceived Stress, and Mood of Urban American Indian Youth Journal Article American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Journal, 29 (1), pp. 37-58, 2022. @article{Pepic2022, title = {Evaluating the Impact of a Culturally Sensitive Art Program on the Resilience, Perceived Stress, and Mood of Urban American Indian Youth}, author = {Vesna Pepic and Suzanne McWilliams and Shaylynne Shuler Heather J. Williamson and Aaron Secakuku}, url = {https://coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu/docs/librariesprovider205/journal_files/vol29/29_1_2022_37_pepic.pdf}, doi = {10.5820/aian.2901.2022.37}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-01}, journal = {American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {37-58}, abstract = {American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth face a history of adversity and trauma that are linked to academic and health concerns. Culturally grounded art-based interventions hold promise to address challenges faced by AI youth. AI culture and wisdom can evoke a sense of capability in youth that strengthens their resilience. This study sought to evaluate a culturally oriented art therapy curriculum on its impact on resilience, stress, and mood for AI youth (n = 36). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the perceived stress scores of the participants before and after a 12-week art intervention. There was a significant decrease in participant perceived stress between the pre (M = 16.7, SD = 4.7) and post conditions (M = 20.4, SD = 4.6); t (24) =, -3.5 p = 0.002). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the mood of each participant before and after each instance of art activity to see if there was a self-reported change in mood. There was a significant improvement in participant mood in 10 out of 11 of the intervention weeks. Although no statistically significant change was found in participant resilience, participants in this study did report high levels of resilience. This study provides promising evidence that a culturally salient after-school art curriculum program can reduce stress and improve mood for urban AI youth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth face a history of adversity and trauma that are linked to academic and health concerns. Culturally grounded art-based interventions hold promise to address challenges faced by AI youth. AI culture and wisdom can evoke a sense of capability in youth that strengthens their resilience. This study sought to evaluate a culturally oriented art therapy curriculum on its impact on resilience, stress, and mood for AI youth (n = 36). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the perceived stress scores of the participants before and after a 12-week art intervention. There was a significant decrease in participant perceived stress between the pre (M = 16.7, SD = 4.7) and post conditions (M = 20.4, SD = 4.6); t (24) =, -3.5 p = 0.002). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the mood of each participant before and after each instance of art activity to see if there was a self-reported change in mood. There was a significant improvement in participant mood in 10 out of 11 of the intervention weeks. Although no statistically significant change was found in participant resilience, participants in this study did report high levels of resilience. This study provides promising evidence that a culturally salient after-school art curriculum program can reduce stress and improve mood for urban AI youth. |
Dreifuss, Heather M; Belin, Kalvina L; Wilson, Jamie; George, Shawndeena; Waters, Amber-Rose; Bauer, Carmella Kahn 1and Mark B C; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Engaging Native American High School Students in Public Health Career Preparation Through the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program Journal Article Frontiers in Public Heath, 10 , 2022. @article{Dreifuss2022, title = {Engaging Native American High School Students in Public Health Career Preparation Through the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program}, author = {Heather M Dreifuss and Kalvina L Belin and Jamie Wilson and Shawndeena George and Amber-Rose Waters and Carmella B Kahn 1and Mark C Bauer and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35273937/10.3389/fpubh.2022.789994}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.789994}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-22}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Heath}, volume = {10}, abstract = {Native American populations are systematically marginalized in the healthcare and public health workforce. One effective approach to reduce health disparities and improve health care delivery among Indigenous populations is to train more Native American health professionals who integrate academic and cultural knowledge to understand and influence health behaviors and perspectives. Diné College partnered with Northern Arizona University to develop the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health (NARCH) Partnership, funded by the National Institutes of Health. The high school component of the Navajo NARCH Partnership created the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP), a 1-week summer training program providing exposure to health careers and mentorship in pursuing public health careers for Native American high school students. ISEP utilizes the Diné Educational Philosophy (DEP), a Navajo conceptual framework to serve as the foundation of the program. In 2020-2021, due to COVID-19 restrictions, the DEP model had to be incorporated in the Navajo NARCH high school virtual program activities. ISEP used 2018 and 2019 past program evaluation data to inform the virtual programming. Students' perception of the program was collected using an online Qualtrics evaluation questionnaire. Students stated appreciation for program staff, fellow students, peer mentors and culturally relevant learning experiences in both virtual and in-person environments. Recommendations included: expanding the length of ISEP and continuing the hands-on activities and Public Health Leadership series}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native American populations are systematically marginalized in the healthcare and public health workforce. One effective approach to reduce health disparities and improve health care delivery among Indigenous populations is to train more Native American health professionals who integrate academic and cultural knowledge to understand and influence health behaviors and perspectives. Diné College partnered with Northern Arizona University to develop the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health (NARCH) Partnership, funded by the National Institutes of Health. The high school component of the Navajo NARCH Partnership created the Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP), a 1-week summer training program providing exposure to health careers and mentorship in pursuing public health careers for Native American high school students. ISEP utilizes the Diné Educational Philosophy (DEP), a Navajo conceptual framework to serve as the foundation of the program. In 2020-2021, due to COVID-19 restrictions, the DEP model had to be incorporated in the Navajo NARCH high school virtual program activities. ISEP used 2018 and 2019 past program evaluation data to inform the virtual programming. Students' perception of the program was collected using an online Qualtrics evaluation questionnaire. Students stated appreciation for program staff, fellow students, peer mentors and culturally relevant learning experiences in both virtual and in-person environments. Recommendations included: expanding the length of ISEP and continuing the hands-on activities and Public Health Leadership series |
Hunter, Amanda M; Carlos, Mikah; Nuño, Velia L; Tippeconnic-Fox, Mary Jo; Carvajal, Scott; Yuan, Nicole P Native Spirit: Development of a culturally grounded after-school program to promote well-being among American Indian adolescents Journal Article American Journal of Community Psychology, 2022. @article{Hunter2022, title = {Native Spirit: Development of a culturally grounded after-school program to promote well-being among American Indian adolescents}, author = {Amanda M. Hunter and Mikah Carlos and Velia L. Nuño and Mary Jo Tippeconnic-Fox and Scott Carvajal and Nicole P. Yuan}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12590}, doi = {10.1002/ajcp.12590}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-22}, journal = {American Journal of Community Psychology}, abstract = {Culturally grounded after-school programs (ASPs), based on local cultural values and practices, are often developed and implemented by and for the local community. Culturally grounded programs promote health and well-being for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents by allowing them to reconnect to cultural teachings that have faced attempted historical and contemporary erasure. This article is a first-person account that describes the development and implementation of a culturally grounded ASP, Native Spirit (NS), for AI adolescents (grades 7–12) living on a Southwest urban-based reservation. NS, a 13-session culturally grounded ASP, was developed by an academic–community partnership that focuses on increasing cultural engagement as a form of positive youth development. Each session was guided by one to two local cultural practitioners and community leaders. The development of the NS program contributed to an Indigenous prevention science that emphasizes the positive impacts of Indigenous culture and community on health and well-being. The use of the ASP format, in partnership with the Boys & Girls Club, increased the feasibility of dissemination and refinement of the NS program by tribal communities and organizations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Culturally grounded after-school programs (ASPs), based on local cultural values and practices, are often developed and implemented by and for the local community. Culturally grounded programs promote health and well-being for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents by allowing them to reconnect to cultural teachings that have faced attempted historical and contemporary erasure. This article is a first-person account that describes the development and implementation of a culturally grounded ASP, Native Spirit (NS), for AI adolescents (grades 7–12) living on a Southwest urban-based reservation. NS, a 13-session culturally grounded ASP, was developed by an academic–community partnership that focuses on increasing cultural engagement as a form of positive youth development. Each session was guided by one to two local cultural practitioners and community leaders. The development of the NS program contributed to an Indigenous prevention science that emphasizes the positive impacts of Indigenous culture and community on health and well-being. The use of the ASP format, in partnership with the Boys & Girls Club, increased the feasibility of dissemination and refinement of the NS program by tribal communities and organizations. |
Tomasa, Lynne; Williamson, Heather J Belonging and inclusion during the aging process for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities Book Forthcoming Springer, Forthcoming. @book{Tomasa2022, title = {Belonging and inclusion during the aging process for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities}, author = {Lynne Tomasa and Heather J Williamson}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, booktitle = {Engaging communities to foster belonging for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities}, publisher = {Springer}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {book} } |
Wagner, Eric F; Lowe, John Chapter 14: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders in Native Americans Journal Article Forthcoming Forthcoming. @article{Wagner2022, title = {Chapter 14: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders in Native Americans}, author = {Eric F Wagner and John Lowe}, editor = {Edward Chang and Christina A Downey}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, booktitle = {Historical Context and Cultural Competence in Substance Use Disorder}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Camplain, Ricky; Lininger, Monica; Baldwin, Julie A; Trotter, Robert T Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire among jail inmates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Journal Article Forthcoming Clearinghouse, Forthcoming. @article{Camplain2022, title = {Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire among jail inmates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Monica Lininger and Julie A Baldwin and Robert T Trotter}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {Clearinghouse}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Camplain, Ricky; Becenti, Lyle; Pinn, Travis; Williamson, Heather; Pro, George Physical Activity Patterns Among Women Incarcerated in Jail Journal Article Journal of Correct Health Care, 28 (1), pp. 6-11, 2022. @article{Camplain2022c, title = {Physical Activity Patterns Among Women Incarcerated in Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Lyle Becenti and Travis Pinn and Heather Williamson and George Pro}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34846925/}, doi = {10.1089/jchc.20.05.0041}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {Journal of Correct Health Care}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {6-11}, abstract = {The physical and mental health benefits of physical activity in all populations are well established. In 2019, incarcerated women at a Southwest county jail were observed during "recreation time," a time when physical activity is encouraged, to identify the proportion of women who participated in recreation time and their physical activity levels. During observed recreation times, 28% of women attended; 56% were sedentary, 4% engaged in vigorous physical activity, and approximately 40% walked or performed similarly moderate physical activity. Future research should identify barriers to being physically active while incarcerated, leading to targeted interventions to promote physical activity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The physical and mental health benefits of physical activity in all populations are well established. In 2019, incarcerated women at a Southwest county jail were observed during "recreation time," a time when physical activity is encouraged, to identify the proportion of women who participated in recreation time and their physical activity levels. During observed recreation times, 28% of women attended; 56% were sedentary, 4% engaged in vigorous physical activity, and approximately 40% walked or performed similarly moderate physical activity. Future research should identify barriers to being physically active while incarcerated, leading to targeted interventions to promote physical activity. |
Camplain, Ricky; Chief, Carmenlita; Camplain, Carolyn; Teufel-shone, Nicolette; Baldwin, Julie A American Indian/Alaska Native Involvement in the US Justice System: Trends, Health Impacts and Health Disparities Journal Article Forthcoming Indigenous Justice Series: Indigenous Peoples, Health, Resilience and Justice, Forthcoming. @article{Camplain2022b, title = {American Indian/Alaska Native Involvement in the US Justice System: Trends, Health Impacts and Health Disparities}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Carmenlita Chief and Carolyn Camplain and Nicolette Teufel-shone and Julie A Baldwin}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {Indigenous Justice Series: Indigenous Peoples, Health, Resilience and Justice}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Lau, PWC; Ma, FK; Ransdell, LB; Wu, W; Wang, JJ An investigation into opening school sport facilities to community use in Hong Kong Journal Article Forthcoming World Leisure Journal, Forthcoming. @article{Lau2022, title = {An investigation into opening school sport facilities to community use in Hong Kong}, author = {PWC Lau and FK Ma and LB Ransdell and W Wu and JJ Wang}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, journal = {World Leisure Journal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Evie Y; Remiker, Mark; Hustead, Morgan Lee-Regalado; Bacon, Rachel; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Dorothy Dunn &Julie J Aging & Mental Health, 2022. @article{McCarthy2022, title = {Diverse rural caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias: analysis of health factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community level}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Y. Evie Garcia and Mark Remiker and Morgan Lee-Regalado Hustead and Rachel Bacon and Heather J. Williamson and Dorothy J. Dunn &Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-31}, journal = {Aging & Mental Health}, abstract = {Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Warren, Meghan; Shaibi, Stefany D; Fabricant, Maximilian; Falvey, Jason R; Vashist, Amit; Karmarkar, Amol M Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery Journal Article Physical Therapy, 2022. @article{Kumar2022, title = {Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Meghan Warren and Stefany D Shaibi and Maximilian Fabricant and Jason R Falvey and Amit Vashist and Amol M Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, doi = {10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-13}, journal = {Physical Therapy}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models. |
Harris, Robin B; Brown, Heidi E; Begay, Rachelle L; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Chief, Carmenlita; Monroy, Fernando P; Oren, Eyal Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (2), pp. 797, 2022. @article{Harris2022, title = {Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona}, author = {Robin B. Harris and Heidi E. Brown and Rachelle L. Begay and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Carmenlita Chief and Fernando P. Monroy and Eyal Oren }, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/797}, doi = {1660-4601/19/2/797}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-12}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {797}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment. |
2021 |
Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Jiménez, Dulce; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron; Chief, Carmenlita; Williamson, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study Journal Article JMIR Formative Research, 5 (5), 2021. @article{Remiker2021, title = {Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study}, author = {Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Dulce Jiménez and Alexandra Samarron Longorio and Carmenlita Chief and Heather Williamson and Nicolette Teufel-Shone }, url = {https://formative.jmir.org/2021/5/e25577}, doi = {10.2196/25577}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-05}, journal = {JMIR Formative Research}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts. |
Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T; Remiker, Mark; Buck, Loren C; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank A A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned Journal Article Muse, 15 (4), pp. 533-540, 2021. @article{Baldwin2021, title = {A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned}, author = {Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II and Mark Remiker and C. Loren Buck and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank A. von Hippel}, url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/842128}, doi = {10.1353/cpr.2021.0043}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-01}, journal = {Muse}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {533-540}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, abstract = {Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes. |
Solomon, TG Arambula; Jones, D; Laurila, L; Ritchey, J; Cordova-Marks, FM; Hunter, AU; Villanueva, B Using the Community Readiness Model to Assess American Indian Communities Readiness to Address Cancer Prevention and Control Programs Journal Article Journal of Cancer Education, 2021. @article{Solomon2021, title = {Using the Community Readiness Model to Assess American Indian Communities Readiness to Address Cancer Prevention and Control Programs}, author = {TG Arambula Solomon and D Jones and L Laurila and J Ritchey and FM Cordova-Marks and AU Hunter and B Villanueva}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-021-02100-4}, doi = {10.1007/s13187-021-02100-4}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-29}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Education}, abstract = {Cancer disparities continue among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations while they have decreased among other racial and ethnic groups. No studies were found that utilized the Community Readiness Model (CRM) to ascertain the readiness of Tribal and American Indian organizations to participate in cancer research and cancer prevention and control initiatives. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention conducted an assessment of the status of American Indian communities’ readiness to implement activities for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve AI/AN cancer rates. The assessment was a component of the Community Outreach Core of the grant. Thirty-four key Informants participated in the interview process. The Community Readiness Assessment (CRA) provided a baseline assessment of community partners’ readiness to participate in cancer research and programming. Despite years of cancer intervention programs, the communities were classified as being in the early stages of readiness [1–5] of the nine-stage model. Additionally, findings showed low levels of awareness of previous or ongoing cancer research. The findings in prevention and control efforts indicated a need for technical assistance and funding to support community projects in prevention and control. This supported the implementation of a community grants initiative. They also indicated that communities were not ready to conduct research, despite ongoing cancer related research in at least two communities. Communication tools and social media methods and messages were developed to increase awareness of cancer as a health concern and cancer research in the community. The CRM informed these and other engagement activities to meet the appropriate stage of readiness for each Tribe/community, and to build their capacity to participate in cancer research and programming activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cancer disparities continue among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations while they have decreased among other racial and ethnic groups. No studies were found that utilized the Community Readiness Model (CRM) to ascertain the readiness of Tribal and American Indian organizations to participate in cancer research and cancer prevention and control initiatives. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention conducted an assessment of the status of American Indian communities’ readiness to implement activities for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve AI/AN cancer rates. The assessment was a component of the Community Outreach Core of the grant. Thirty-four key Informants participated in the interview process. The Community Readiness Assessment (CRA) provided a baseline assessment of community partners’ readiness to participate in cancer research and programming. Despite years of cancer intervention programs, the communities were classified as being in the early stages of readiness [1–5] of the nine-stage model. Additionally, findings showed low levels of awareness of previous or ongoing cancer research. The findings in prevention and control efforts indicated a need for technical assistance and funding to support community projects in prevention and control. This supported the implementation of a community grants initiative. They also indicated that communities were not ready to conduct research, despite ongoing cancer related research in at least two communities. Communication tools and social media methods and messages were developed to increase awareness of cancer as a health concern and cancer research in the community. The CRM informed these and other engagement activities to meet the appropriate stage of readiness for each Tribe/community, and to build their capacity to participate in cancer research and programming activities. |
Camplain, Ricky; Pinn, Travis A; Becenti, Lyle; Williamson, Heather J; Pro, George; Luna, Crystal; Bret, James Patterns of Physical Activity Among Women Incarcerated in Jail Journal Article Journal of Correctional Health Care, 2021. @article{Camplain2021c, title = {Patterns of Physical Activity Among Women Incarcerated in Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Travis A. Pinn and Lyle Becenti and Heather J. Williamson and George Pro and Crystal Luna and James Bret}, url = {http://doi.org/10.1089/jchc.20.05.0041}, doi = {10.1089/jchc.20.05.0041}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-26}, journal = {Journal of Correctional Health Care}, abstract = {The physical and mental health benefits of physical activity in all populations are well established. In 2019, incarcerated women at a Southwest county jail were observed during "recreation time," a time when physical activity is encouraged, to identify the proportion of women who participated in recreation time and their physical activity levels. During observed recreation times, 28% of women attended; 56% were sedentary, 4% engaged in vigorous physical activity, and approximately 40% walked or performed similarly moderate physical activity. Future research should identify barriers to being physically active while incarcerated, leading to targeted interventions to promote physical activity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The physical and mental health benefits of physical activity in all populations are well established. In 2019, incarcerated women at a Southwest county jail were observed during "recreation time," a time when physical activity is encouraged, to identify the proportion of women who participated in recreation time and their physical activity levels. During observed recreation times, 28% of women attended; 56% were sedentary, 4% engaged in vigorous physical activity, and approximately 40% walked or performed similarly moderate physical activity. Future research should identify barriers to being physically active while incarcerated, leading to targeted interventions to promote physical activity. |
Fisher, Kim W; Williamson, Heather J; Guerra, Nichole; Kupferman, Scott Digital Citizenship: Technology Access and Use for Youth With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Journal Article Inclusion, 9 (4), pp. 263–275, 2021. @article{Fisher2021, title = {Digital Citizenship: Technology Access and Use for Youth With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, author = {Kim W. Fisher and Heather J. Williamson and Nichole Guerra and Scott Kupferman}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-9.4.263}, doi = {10.1352/2326-6988-9.4.263}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-23}, journal = {Inclusion}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {263–275}, abstract = {Technology is integral to the lives of youth who, as digital citizens, use technology to participate in social and civic action to improve their communities. Using a digital citizenship framework and National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012 data, we explored technology access and use between youth with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We found youth with IDD have less access and less participation across four digital citizenship elements putting them at greater risk for digital social isolation and community disengagement. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, which has thrust employment, school, health, and social lives to online spaces, we situate our findings on digital access, opportunity, and support and call for individual and systems-level investment in digital citizenship to support full participation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Technology is integral to the lives of youth who, as digital citizens, use technology to participate in social and civic action to improve their communities. Using a digital citizenship framework and National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012 data, we explored technology access and use between youth with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We found youth with IDD have less access and less participation across four digital citizenship elements putting them at greater risk for digital social isolation and community disengagement. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, which has thrust employment, school, health, and social lives to online spaces, we situate our findings on digital access, opportunity, and support and call for individual and systems-level investment in digital citizenship to support full participation. |
Behar-Horenstein, Linda S; Suiter, Sarah; Snyder, Frederick; Laurila, Kelly Consensus Building to Inform Common Evaluation Metrics for the Comprehensive Partnerships to Advance Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) Program Journal Article Journal of Cancer Education, 2021. @article{Behar-Horenstein2021, title = {Consensus Building to Inform Common Evaluation Metrics for the Comprehensive Partnerships to Advance Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) Program}, author = {Linda S. Behar-Horenstein and Sarah Suiter and Frederick Snyder and Kelly Laurila}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-021-02103-1}, doi = {10.1007/s13187-021-02103-1}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-06}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Education}, abstract = {Common measures facilitate the standardization of assessment practices. These types of measures are needed to develop instruments that can be used to assess the overall effectiveness of the U54 Comprehensive Partnerships to Advance Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) funding mechanism. Developing common measures requires a multi-phase process. Stakeholders used the nominal group technique, a consensus development process, and the Grid-Enabled Measures (GEM) platform to identify evaluation constructs and measures of those constructs. Use of these instruments will ensure the implementation of standardized data elements, facilitate data integration, enhance the quality of evaluation reporting to the National Cancer Institute, foster comparative analyses across centers, and support the national assessment of the CPACHE program.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Common measures facilitate the standardization of assessment practices. These types of measures are needed to develop instruments that can be used to assess the overall effectiveness of the U54 Comprehensive Partnerships to Advance Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) funding mechanism. Developing common measures requires a multi-phase process. Stakeholders used the nominal group technique, a consensus development process, and the Grid-Enabled Measures (GEM) platform to identify evaluation constructs and measures of those constructs. Use of these instruments will ensure the implementation of standardized data elements, facilitate data integration, enhance the quality of evaluation reporting to the National Cancer Institute, foster comparative analyses across centers, and support the national assessment of the CPACHE program. |
Tutt, Marissa; Becenti, Lyle; Tallis, Kristen; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Intertribal Collaboration and Health: A Literature Review Journal Article Turtle Island Journal of Indigenous Health , 1 (2), pp. 116-123, 2021. @article{Tutt2021, title = {Intertribal Collaboration and Health: A Literature Review}, author = {Marissa Tutt and Lyle Becenti and Kristen Tallis and Nicolette Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/tijih/issue/view/2514/487}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-01}, journal = {Turtle Island Journal of Indigenous Health }, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {116-123}, abstract = {In the United States, American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) are rebuilding their nations through assertion of sovereignty, standards of governance, cultural frameworks, strategic orientation, and effective leadership. The approach emphasizes tribal self-determination in managing nation affairs and reducing reliance on state and federal assistance. Through nation-building, tribal nations can improve their citizens’ health and well-being while empowering local capacity and cultural pride. Intertribal collaboration can be an effective strategy to leverage resources and create a coalition for support and knowledge exchange; however, the research documenting practices, and outcomes of tribal health management that uses intertribal collaboration is limited. This systematic review investigates health-focused collaborations among the tribal nations in North America. Peer-reviewed articles that included at least two federally recognized tribes, de-scribed AIAN driven initiatives, implemented a health management plan, collaborated between Indigenous leaders, and goals of social, behavioral, mental, and physical health outcomes were examined. This search was limited to articles published between January 1, 1970 to November 30, 2019. The PRISMA systematic review process was used. Twenty-seven articles were screened, and three articles were eligible for thematic review. The articles highlighted the importance of utilizing an Indigenous framework to facilitate program management and collaboration, recognition of cultural differences, and sovereignty rights. Characteristics that contributed to the establishment and strengthening of intertribal collaboration were: (1) adapt new proposals, (2) respectful recognition of sovereignty, and (3) transparent and honest communication. The small sample size indicated most Indigenous health programs are not “AIAN-driven”, limiting the foundation for building evidence-based frameworks.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the United States, American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) are rebuilding their nations through assertion of sovereignty, standards of governance, cultural frameworks, strategic orientation, and effective leadership. The approach emphasizes tribal self-determination in managing nation affairs and reducing reliance on state and federal assistance. Through nation-building, tribal nations can improve their citizens’ health and well-being while empowering local capacity and cultural pride. Intertribal collaboration can be an effective strategy to leverage resources and create a coalition for support and knowledge exchange; however, the research documenting practices, and outcomes of tribal health management that uses intertribal collaboration is limited. This systematic review investigates health-focused collaborations among the tribal nations in North America. Peer-reviewed articles that included at least two federally recognized tribes, de-scribed AIAN driven initiatives, implemented a health management plan, collaborated between Indigenous leaders, and goals of social, behavioral, mental, and physical health outcomes were examined. This search was limited to articles published between January 1, 1970 to November 30, 2019. The PRISMA systematic review process was used. Twenty-seven articles were screened, and three articles were eligible for thematic review. The articles highlighted the importance of utilizing an Indigenous framework to facilitate program management and collaboration, recognition of cultural differences, and sovereignty rights. Characteristics that contributed to the establishment and strengthening of intertribal collaboration were: (1) adapt new proposals, (2) respectful recognition of sovereignty, and (3) transparent and honest communication. The small sample size indicated most Indigenous health programs are not “AIAN-driven”, limiting the foundation for building evidence-based frameworks. |
Cooper, Dan M; Zulu, Michael Z; Jankeel, Allen; Ibraim, Izabela Coimbra; Ardo, Jessica; Kasper, Kirsten; Stephens, Diana; Meyer, Andria; Stehli, Annamarie; Condon, Curt; Londoño, Mary E; Schreiber, Casey M; Lopez, Nanette V; Camplain, Ricky L; Weiss, Michael; Golden, Charles; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit; Boden-Albala, Bernadette; Chau, Clayton; Messaoudi, Ilhem; Ulloa, Erlinda R SARS-CoV-2 Acquisition and Immune Pathogenesis Among School-Aged Learners in Four K-12 Schools Journal Article Pediatric Research, 90 , pp. 1073-2080, 2021. @article{Cooper2021, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Acquisition and Immune Pathogenesis Among School-Aged Learners in Four K-12 Schools}, author = {Dan M Cooper and Michael Z Zulu and Allen Jankeel and Izabela Coimbra Ibraim and Jessica Ardo and Kirsten Kasper and Diana Stephens and Andria Meyer and Annamarie Stehli and Curt Condon and Mary E Londoño and Casey M Schreiber and Nanette V Lopez and Ricky L Camplain and Michael Weiss and Charles Golden and Shlomit Radom-Aizik and Bernadette Boden-Albala and Clayton Chau and Ilhem Messaoudi and Erlinda R. Ulloa}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.20.21254035}, doi = {10.1038/s41390-021-01660-x}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-01}, journal = {Pediatric Research}, volume = {90}, pages = {1073-2080}, abstract = {Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is necessary to reopen schools safely. We measured SARS-CoV-2 infection in 320 learners [10.5 ± 2.1 (sd); 7–17 y.o.] at four diverse schools with either remote or on-site learning. Schools A and B served low-income Hispanic learners; school C served many special-needs learners, and all provided predominantly remote instruction. School D served middle- and upper-income learners, with predominantly on-site instruction. Testing occurred in the fall (2020), and 6–8 weeks later during the fall-winter surge (notable for a tenfold increase in COVID-19 cases). Immune responses and mitigation fidelity were also measured. We found SARS-CoV-2 infections in 17 learners only during the surge. School A (97% remote learners) had the highest infection (10/70, 14.3%, p < 0.01) and IgG positivity rates (13/66, 19.7%). School D (93% on-site learners) had the lowest infection and IgG positivity rates (1/63, 1.6%). Mitigation compliance [physical distancing (mean 87.4%) and face-covering (91.3%)] was remarkably high at all schools. Documented SARS-CoV-2-infected learners had neutralizing antibodies (94.7%), robust IFN-γ + T cell responses, and reduced monocytes. Schools can implement successful mitigation strategies across a wide range of student diversity. Despite asymptomatic to mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, children generate robust humoral and cellular immune responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is necessary to reopen schools safely. We measured SARS-CoV-2 infection in 320 learners [10.5 ± 2.1 (sd); 7–17 y.o.] at four diverse schools with either remote or on-site learning. Schools A and B served low-income Hispanic learners; school C served many special-needs learners, and all provided predominantly remote instruction. School D served middle- and upper-income learners, with predominantly on-site instruction. Testing occurred in the fall (2020), and 6–8 weeks later during the fall-winter surge (notable for a tenfold increase in COVID-19 cases). Immune responses and mitigation fidelity were also measured. We found SARS-CoV-2 infections in 17 learners only during the surge. School A (97% remote learners) had the highest infection (10/70, 14.3%, p < 0.01) and IgG positivity rates (13/66, 19.7%). School D (93% on-site learners) had the lowest infection and IgG positivity rates (1/63, 1.6%). Mitigation compliance [physical distancing (mean 87.4%) and face-covering (91.3%)] was remarkably high at all schools. Documented SARS-CoV-2-infected learners had neutralizing antibodies (94.7%), robust IFN-γ + T cell responses, and reduced monocytes. Schools can implement successful mitigation strategies across a wide range of student diversity. Despite asymptomatic to mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, children generate robust humoral and cellular immune responses. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Bosch, Pamela; Fehnel, Corey; Garnica, Nicholas; Cook, Jon; Warren, Meghan; Karmarkar, Amol Medicare Claim–Based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict 30-Day Mortality and Hospital Readmission Journal Article Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2021. @article{Kumar2021, title = {Medicare Claim–Based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict 30-Day Mortality and Hospital Readmission}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Pamela Bosch and Corey Fehnel and Nicholas Garnica and Jon Cook and Meghan Warren and Amol Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07162-0}, doi = {10.1007/s11606-021-07162-0}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-26}, journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine}, abstract = {The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) penalizes hospitals for higher than expected 30-day mortality rates using methods without accounting for condition severity risk adjustment. For patients with stroke, CMS claims did not quantify stroke severity until recently, when the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) reporting began. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) penalizes hospitals for higher than expected 30-day mortality rates using methods without accounting for condition severity risk adjustment. For patients with stroke, CMS claims did not quantify stroke severity until recently, when the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) reporting began. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. |
Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Fashaw-Walters, Shekinah; Baldwin, Julie A Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Journal Article Journal of Aging and Health, 2021. @article{Rivera-Hernandez2021, title = {Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Shekinah Fashaw-Walters and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211043319 }, doi = {10.1177/08982643211043319}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-11}, journal = {Journal of Aging and Health}, abstract = {This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic. |
Pollitt, Amanda M; Roberts, Tangela S Internalized Binegativity, LGBQ + Community Involvement, and Definitions of Bisexuality Journal Article Journal of Bisexuality, 21 (3), pp. 357-379, 2021. @article{Pollitt2021, title = {Internalized Binegativity, LGBQ + Community Involvement, and Definitions of Bisexuality}, author = {Amanda M. Pollitt and Tangela S. Roberts}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1984363}, doi = {10.1080/15299716.2021.1984363}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-06}, journal = {Journal of Bisexuality}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {357-379}, abstract = {Bisexual people can internalize stigma from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian communities, which often occurs in the form of monosexism, the belief that people should only be attracted to one gender. Although community involvement is protective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer+ (LGBQ+) people, bisexual people may benefit more from bisexual-specific communities than LGBQ + communities because of monosexism. Further, how bisexual people define their identity may be related to internalized binegativity, especially given the historical invisibility of bisexuality in mainstream media and recent debates about the definition of bisexuality within LGBQ + communities. We examined LGBQ + and bisexual-specific community involvement, definitions of bisexuality, and internalized binegativity among an online sample of 816 bisexual adults. Multivariate regression analyses showed that those with spectrum definitions, which acknowledged a nuanced understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality, reported lower internalized binegativity than those with binary definitions, which described sexuality as consistent with mainstream norms. Involvement in LGBQ + communities, but not bisexual communities, was associated with lower internalized binegativity. There was no interaction between type of definition and type of community involvement. Our results suggest that broad community involvement may be protective for internalized binegativity, but findings should be considered in light of a lack of well-funded, local bisexual communities. The current study adds to a growing literature on sexual minority stressors among bisexual people, a population that continues to be understudied.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bisexual people can internalize stigma from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian communities, which often occurs in the form of monosexism, the belief that people should only be attracted to one gender. Although community involvement is protective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer+ (LGBQ+) people, bisexual people may benefit more from bisexual-specific communities than LGBQ + communities because of monosexism. Further, how bisexual people define their identity may be related to internalized binegativity, especially given the historical invisibility of bisexuality in mainstream media and recent debates about the definition of bisexuality within LGBQ + communities. We examined LGBQ + and bisexual-specific community involvement, definitions of bisexuality, and internalized binegativity among an online sample of 816 bisexual adults. Multivariate regression analyses showed that those with spectrum definitions, which acknowledged a nuanced understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality, reported lower internalized binegativity than those with binary definitions, which described sexuality as consistent with mainstream norms. Involvement in LGBQ + communities, but not bisexual communities, was associated with lower internalized binegativity. There was no interaction between type of definition and type of community involvement. Our results suggest that broad community involvement may be protective for internalized binegativity, but findings should be considered in light of a lack of well-funded, local bisexual communities. The current study adds to a growing literature on sexual minority stressors among bisexual people, a population that continues to be understudied. |
Lee, Michele S; Peart, Jillian R; Armin, Julie S; Williamson, Heather J Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 14 (3), 2021. @article{Lee2021c, title = {A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Pap Testing in Women with Disabilities and Serious Mental Illnesses: Thirty Years After the Americans with Disabilities Act}, author = {Michele S. Lee and Jillian R. Peart and Julie S. Armin and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol14/iss3/2 }, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, abstract = {Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed, promising equal access to health services for people with disabilities and serious mental illness, research on Pap testing continues to uncover health disparities among women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses, including those that identify as an ethnic/racial minority. The purpose of this paper is to describe and present the literature on the barriers and facilitators women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses face with receiving a Pap test using the social ecological model. We also examined the degree to which racial/ethnic minority women were included in these articles.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed, promising equal access to health services for people with disabilities and serious mental illness, research on Pap testing continues to uncover health disparities among women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses, including those that identify as an ethnic/racial minority. The purpose of this paper is to describe and present the literature on the barriers and facilitators women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses face with receiving a Pap test using the social ecological model. We also examined the degree to which racial/ethnic minority women were included in these articles. |
Pearson, Talima; Hepp, Crystal; II, Robert Trotter T; Mbegbu, Mimi; Russakoff, Benjamin; Yagüe, David Panisello; Wood, Colin; Tucker-Morgan, Kara; Ceniceros, Kathya; Padilla, Cristina; Kyman, Shari; Villa, Francisco Genome Sequences of Community Carriage Strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Yuma, Arizona Journal Article Microbiology Resource Announcements, 10 (37), 2021. @article{Pearson2021, title = {Genome Sequences of Community Carriage Strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Yuma, Arizona}, author = {Talima Pearson and Crystal Hepp and Robert T Trotter II and Mimi Mbegbu and Benjamin Russakoff and David Panisello Yagüe and Colin Wood and Kara Tucker-Morgan and Kathya Ceniceros and Cristina Padilla and Shari Kyman and Francisco Villa}, url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MRA.00449-21}, doi = {10.1128/MRA.00449-21}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-16}, journal = {Microbiology Resource Announcements}, volume = {10}, number = {37}, abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus exists as a pathogen and commensal. Individuals with asymptomatic carriage serve as a reservoir for transmission and are at increased risk of infecting themselves. In order to characterize the genomic diversity of S. aureus circulating in the community, we sequenced 166 genomes collected from individuals in Yuma, AZ.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Staphylococcus aureus exists as a pathogen and commensal. Individuals with asymptomatic carriage serve as a reservoir for transmission and are at increased risk of infecting themselves. In order to characterize the genomic diversity of S. aureus circulating in the community, we sequenced 166 genomes collected from individuals in Yuma, AZ. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Wayment, Heidi A; Lopez, Nanette; Lorts, Cori; Schwartz, Anna L; Pugliesi, Karen; Pohl, Patricia S; Bycura, Dierdra; Camplain, Ricky Women, 1 (3), pp. 143-168, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021b, title = {The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Heidi A. Wayment and Nanette Lopez and Cori Lorts and Anna L. Schwartz and Karen Pugliesi and Patricia S. Pohl and Dierdra Bycura and Ricky Camplain}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/women1030014}, doi = {10.3390/women1030014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-14}, journal = {Women}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {143-168}, abstract = {As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Chief, Carmenlita; Richards, Jennifer R; Clausen, Rebecca J; Yazzie, Alfred; Jr, Manley Begay A; Lothrop, Nathan; Yazzie, Janene; Begay, Andria B; Beamer, Paloma I; Chief, Karletta International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), pp. 9402, 2021. @article{Teufel-Shone2021, title = {Development of a Culturally Anchored Qualitative Approach to Conduct and Analyze Focus Group Narratives Collected in Diné (Navajo) Communities to Understand the Impacts of the Gold King Mine Spill of 2015}, author = {Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Carmenlita Chief and Jennifer R Richards and Rebecca J Clausen and Alfred Yazzie and Manley A Begay Jr and Nathan Lothrop and Janene Yazzie and Andria B Begay and Paloma I Beamer and Karletta Chief}, url = { https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179402}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179402}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-06}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {17}, pages = {9402}, abstract = {The Gold King Mine Spill (Spill) occurred in August 2015 upstream from Silverton, Colorado and released three million gallons of contaminated water into the Animas River, a tributary to the San Juan River that flows across the Navajo Nation. Using principles of community-engaged research, the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project co-developed a culturally anchored approach to conduct focus groups and analyze narratives collected in three Diné (Navajo) communities along the San Juan River within 9 months of the Spill. Focus group questions were designed to document the socio-cultural impacts of the Spill. This paper: (1) outlines the partnerships and approvals; (2) describes focus group design, training, data collection and analysis; and (3) reflects on the use of a culturally anchored approach in Indigenous, specifically Diné-centered research. Diné social and cultural etiquette and concepts of relationality were used to adapt standard (non-Indigenous) qualitative methods. Findings describe community perceptions of short-term impacts of the disaster, as well as past and present injustices, communication related to the Spill, and concerns of persistent threats to Diné lifeways. The culturally anchored approach was critical in fostering trust with Diné participants and aligned with the candor of the discussions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Gold King Mine Spill (Spill) occurred in August 2015 upstream from Silverton, Colorado and released three million gallons of contaminated water into the Animas River, a tributary to the San Juan River that flows across the Navajo Nation. Using principles of community-engaged research, the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project co-developed a culturally anchored approach to conduct focus groups and analyze narratives collected in three Diné (Navajo) communities along the San Juan River within 9 months of the Spill. Focus group questions were designed to document the socio-cultural impacts of the Spill. This paper: (1) outlines the partnerships and approvals; (2) describes focus group design, training, data collection and analysis; and (3) reflects on the use of a culturally anchored approach in Indigenous, specifically Diné-centered research. Diné social and cultural etiquette and concepts of relationality were used to adapt standard (non-Indigenous) qualitative methods. Findings describe community perceptions of short-term impacts of the disaster, as well as past and present injustices, communication related to the Spill, and concerns of persistent threats to Diné lifeways. The culturally anchored approach was critical in fostering trust with Diné participants and aligned with the candor of the discussions. |
Horne, Yoshira Ornelas Van; Chief, Karletta; Charley, Perry H; Begay, Mae-Gilene; Bell, Nathan Lothrop 5and Melanie L; Canales, Robert A; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Beamer, Paloma I Impacts to Diné activities with the San Juan River after the Gold King Mine Spill Journal Article J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, 31 (5), pp. 852-86, 2021. @article{Horne2021, title = {Impacts to Diné activities with the San Juan River after the Gold King Mine Spill}, author = {Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne and Karletta Chief and Perry H Charley and Mae-Gilene Begay and Nathan Lothrop 5and Melanie L Bell and Robert A Canales and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Paloma I Beamer}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526814/}, doi = {10.1038/s41370-021-00290-z}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-01}, journal = {J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, pages = {852-86}, abstract = {On August 5th, 2015, 3 million gallons of acid mine drainage was accidentally discharged from the Gold King Mine near Silverton, Colorado into Cement Creek which is a tributary to the Animas and San Juan Rivers. The government-initiated risk assessment only assessed a recreational scenario (i.e. hiker drinking from the river), failing to recognize the deep connection of the Diné (Navajo) with the San Juan River. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach we determined the impacts of the 2015 Gold King Mine Spill (GKMS or Spill) on Diné activities. We developed a questionnaire to collect pre- and post-GKMS Diné activity frequency and duration. Navajo Nation Community Health Representatives administered the questionnaire to 63 Diné adults and 27 children living in three Navajo communities along the River. Through analysis of the focus group transcripts we identified 43 unique activities between the Diné and San Juan River. There were significant reductions in the total number, frequency, and duration of livelihood, dietary, recreational, cultural/spiritual and arts and craft activities. On average, Diné activities with the San Juan River following the GKMS decreased by 56.2%. The significant reduction in activities following the GKMS may lead to long-term trauma, impacting the ability of the Diné to pass down teachings to their children affecting future generations to come. The 43 distinct activities between the Diné and the San Juan River highlight the importance for scientists and disaster responders to consider cultural and spiritual impacts when responding to environmental disasters and conducting risk assessments among Indigenous communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On August 5th, 2015, 3 million gallons of acid mine drainage was accidentally discharged from the Gold King Mine near Silverton, Colorado into Cement Creek which is a tributary to the Animas and San Juan Rivers. The government-initiated risk assessment only assessed a recreational scenario (i.e. hiker drinking from the river), failing to recognize the deep connection of the Diné (Navajo) with the San Juan River. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach we determined the impacts of the 2015 Gold King Mine Spill (GKMS or Spill) on Diné activities. We developed a questionnaire to collect pre- and post-GKMS Diné activity frequency and duration. Navajo Nation Community Health Representatives administered the questionnaire to 63 Diné adults and 27 children living in three Navajo communities along the River. Through analysis of the focus group transcripts we identified 43 unique activities between the Diné and San Juan River. There were significant reductions in the total number, frequency, and duration of livelihood, dietary, recreational, cultural/spiritual and arts and craft activities. On average, Diné activities with the San Juan River following the GKMS decreased by 56.2%. The significant reduction in activities following the GKMS may lead to long-term trauma, impacting the ability of the Diné to pass down teachings to their children affecting future generations to come. The 43 distinct activities between the Diné and the San Juan River highlight the importance for scientists and disaster responders to consider cultural and spiritual impacts when responding to environmental disasters and conducting risk assessments among Indigenous communities. |
Credo, Jonathan; Ingram, Jani C Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), pp. 9089, 2021. @article{Credo2021, title = {Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities}, author = {Jonathan Credo and Jani C Ingram}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34501677/}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179089}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-28}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {17}, pages = {9089}, abstract = {In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established. |
Cox, Genevieve R; FireMoon, Paula; Anastario, Michael P; Ricker, Adriann; Thunder, Ramey Escarcega-Growing; Baldwin, Julie A; Rink, Elizabeth Indigenous standpoint theory as a theoretical framework for decolonizing social science health research with American Indian communities Journal Article AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 2021. @article{Cox2021, title = {Indigenous standpoint theory as a theoretical framework for decolonizing social science health research with American Indian communities}, author = {Genevieve R Cox and Paula FireMoon and Michael P Anastario and Adriann Ricker and Ramey Escarcega-Growing Thunder and Julie A Baldwin and Elizabeth Rink}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/11771801211042019}, doi = {10.1177/11771801211042019}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-26}, journal = {AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples}, abstract = {Theoretical frameworks rooted in Western knowledge claims utilized for public health research in the social sciences are not inclusive of American Indian communities. Developed by Indigenous researchers, Indigenous standpoint theory builds from and moves beyond Western theoretical frameworks. We argue that using Indigenous standpoint theory in partnership with American Indian communities works to decolonize research related to American Indian health in the social sciences and combats the effects of colonization in three ways. First, Indigenous standpoint theory aids in interpreting how the intersections unique to American Indians including the effects of colonization, tribal and other identities, and cultural context are linked to structural inequalities for American Indian communities. Second, Indigenous standpoint theory integrates Indigenous ways of knowing with Western research orientations and methodologies in a collaborative process that works to decolonize social science research for American Indians. Third, Indigenous standpoint theory promotes direct application of research benefits to American Indian communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Theoretical frameworks rooted in Western knowledge claims utilized for public health research in the social sciences are not inclusive of American Indian communities. Developed by Indigenous researchers, Indigenous standpoint theory builds from and moves beyond Western theoretical frameworks. We argue that using Indigenous standpoint theory in partnership with American Indian communities works to decolonize research related to American Indian health in the social sciences and combats the effects of colonization in three ways. First, Indigenous standpoint theory aids in interpreting how the intersections unique to American Indians including the effects of colonization, tribal and other identities, and cultural context are linked to structural inequalities for American Indian communities. Second, Indigenous standpoint theory integrates Indigenous ways of knowing with Western research orientations and methodologies in a collaborative process that works to decolonize social science research for American Indians. Third, Indigenous standpoint theory promotes direct application of research benefits to American Indian communities. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Wayment, Heidi A; Schwartz, Anna L; Lane, Taylor S; Baldwin, Julie A Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines Journal Article Medical Education Online, 26 (1), 2021. @article{Ransdell2021c, title = {Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines}, author = {Lynda B Ransdell and Heidi A Wayment and Anna L Schwartz and Taylor S Lane and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10872981.2021.1964933}, doi = {10.1080/10872981.2021.1964933}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-24}, journal = {Medical Education Online}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, abstract = {Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines. We utilized recent literature reviews, and experience developing researchers at an emerging research institution within the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI) program, to propose a precision mentoring (PM) framework for research development. Although we cannot precisely determine how much improvement was due to the PM framework, over the 4 years of our program, the quality and quantity of pilot project proposals (PPP) has increased, the number of external proposals submitted and funded by PPP investigators has increased, and the number of faculty participating in our program has increased. Surveys distributed to our 2021–22 PPP applicants who did not receive funding (n = 5/6 or 86.7%) revealed that new investigators most frequently sought mentoring related to career guidance (e.g., institutional culture, pre-tenure survival strategies), grant proposal basics (e.g., working with funding agencies, reviewing aims, balancing priorities, and enhancing scientific rigor), and identifying funding opportunities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines. We utilized recent literature reviews, and experience developing researchers at an emerging research institution within the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI) program, to propose a precision mentoring (PM) framework for research development. Although we cannot precisely determine how much improvement was due to the PM framework, over the 4 years of our program, the quality and quantity of pilot project proposals (PPP) has increased, the number of external proposals submitted and funded by PPP investigators has increased, and the number of faculty participating in our program has increased. Surveys distributed to our 2021–22 PPP applicants who did not receive funding (n = 5/6 or 86.7%) revealed that new investigators most frequently sought mentoring related to career guidance (e.g., institutional culture, pre-tenure survival strategies), grant proposal basics (e.g., working with funding agencies, reviewing aims, balancing priorities, and enhancing scientific rigor), and identifying funding opportunities. |
Geronimus, Arline T; Bound, John; Mitchell, Colter; Martinez-Cardoso, Aresha; Evans, Linnea; Hughes, Landon; Schneper, Lisa; Notterman, Daniel A Coming up short: Comparing venous blood, dried blood spots and saliva samples for measuring telomere length in health equity research Journal Article PLOS ONE, 16 (8), 2021. @article{Geronimus2021, title = {Coming up short: Comparing venous blood, dried blood spots and saliva samples for measuring telomere length in health equity research}, author = {Arline T. Geronimus and John Bound and Colter Mitchell and Aresha Martinez-Cardoso and Linnea Evans and Landon Hughes and Lisa Schneper and Daniel A. Notterman}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255237}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0255237}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-18}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {8}, abstract = {Telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from fresh venous blood is increasingly used to estimate molecular impacts of accumulated social adversity on population health. Sometimes, TL extracted from saliva or dried blood spots (DBS) are substituted as less invasive and more scalable specimen collection methods; yet, are they interchangeable with fresh blood? Studies find TL is correlated across tissues, but have not addressed the critical question for social epidemiological applications: Do different specimen types show the same association between TL and social constructs?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from fresh venous blood is increasingly used to estimate molecular impacts of accumulated social adversity on population health. Sometimes, TL extracted from saliva or dried blood spots (DBS) are substituted as less invasive and more scalable specimen collection methods; yet, are they interchangeable with fresh blood? Studies find TL is correlated across tissues, but have not addressed the critical question for social epidemiological applications: Do different specimen types show the same association between TL and social constructs? |
Trotter, Robert; Baldwin, Julie A; Buck, Charles Loren; Remiker, Mark; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank Arthur JMIR Research Protocol, 10 (8), 2021. @article{Trotter2021, title = {Health Impacts of Perchlorate and Pesticide Exposure: Protocol for Community-Engaged Research to Evaluate Environmental Toxicants in a US Border Community}, author = {Robert Trotter and Julie A Baldwin and Charles Loren Buck and Mark Remiker and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank Arthur von Hippel}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34383679/}, doi = {10.2196/15864}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-11}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocol}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, abstract = {The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving "environmental scans" in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving "environmental scans" in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions. |
Hardy, Lisa J; Mana, Adi; Mundell, Leah; Benheim, Sharón; Morales, Kayla Torres; Sagy, Shifra Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid-19 Journal Article Journal of Community Psychology, 49 (6), pp. 2059-2070, 2021. @article{Hardy2021, title = {Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid-19}, author = {Lisa J Hardy and Adi Mana and Leah Mundell and Sharón Benheim and Kayla Torres Morales and Shifra Sagy}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33729586/}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.22544}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {49}, number = {6}, pages = {2059-2070}, abstract = {International research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in-depth, exploratory, semi-structured interviews with self-defined politically left-leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data. Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in-depth, exploratory, semi-structured interviews with self-defined politically left-leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data. Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times. |
Sabo, Samantha; O'Meara, Louisa; Neel, Alisa Community Health Representative Workforce Assessment Phase II Journal Article 2021. @article{Sabo2021c, title = {Community Health Representative Workforce Assessment Phase II}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Louisa O'Meara and Alisa Neel}, url = {https://nau.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/160/CHR-Workforce-Assessment-Phase-II-Report_Final_ReducedSize_0.pdf}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, institution = {Northern Arizona Unversity}, organization = {Center for Health Equity Research}, abstract = {In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summit and Workforce Conferences to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Over time, the Policy Summit has resulted in an Arizona CHR Movement Coalition, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision and financing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summit and Workforce Conferences to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Over time, the Policy Summit has resulted in an Arizona CHR Movement Coalition, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision and financing. |
Schwartz, Anna L; Terry, Christopher M Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (15), 2021. @article{Schwartz2021, title = {Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer}, author = {Anna L. Schwartz and Christopher M. Terry}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158151}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18158151}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {15}, abstract = {Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors. |
Sabo, Samantha; O'Meara, Louisa; Russell, Kim; Hemstreet, Corey; Nashio, J T; Bender, Brook; Hamilton, Joyce; Begay, Mae-Gilene Community Health Representative Workforce: Meeting the Moment in American Indian Health Equity Journal Article Frontiers in Public Health, 9 , 2021. @article{Sabo2021, title = {Community Health Representative Workforce: Meeting the Moment in American Indian Health Equity}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Louisa O'Meara and Kim Russell and Corey Hemstreet and J. T. Nashio and Brook Bender and Joyce Hamilton and Mae-Gilene Begay}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.667926}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.667926}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-21}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {9}, abstract = {In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. CHRs are a highly trained, well-established standardized workforce serving the medical and social needs of American Indian communities. Nationally, the CHR workforce consists of ~1,700 CHRs, representing 264 Tribes. Of the 22 Tribes of Arizona, 19 Tribes operate a CHR Program and employ ~250 CHRs, equivalent to ~30% of the total CHW workforce in the state. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summits to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Overtime, the Policy Summits have resulted in the Arizona CHR Workforce Movement, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision, and financing. This community case study describes the impetus, collaborative process, and selected results of a 2019–2020 multi-phase CHR workforce assessment. Specifically, we highlight CHR core roles and competencies, contributions to the social determinant of health and well-being and the level to which CHRs are integrated within systems and teams. We offer recommendations for strengthening the workforce, increasing awareness of CHR roles and competencies, integrating CHRs within teams and systems, and mechanism for sustainability. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. CHRs are a highly trained, well-established standardized workforce serving the medical and social needs of American Indian communities. Nationally, the CHR workforce consists of ~1,700 CHRs, representing 264 Tribes. Of the 22 Tribes of Arizona, 19 Tribes operate a CHR Program and employ ~250 CHRs, equivalent to ~30% of the total CHW workforce in the state. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summits to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Overtime, the Policy Summits have resulted in the Arizona CHR Workforce Movement, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision, and financing. This community case study describes the impetus, collaborative process, and selected results of a 2019–2020 multi-phase CHR workforce assessment. Specifically, we highlight CHR core roles and competencies, contributions to the social determinant of health and well-being and the level to which CHRs are integrated within systems and teams. We offer recommendations for strengthening the workforce, increasing awareness of CHR roles and competencies, integrating CHRs within teams and systems, and mechanism for sustainability. |
Lee, Michele Sky; Day, Arden; Camplain, Carolyn; Papini, Natalie; Smith, Melinda; Compton-Gore, Kate; Gardner, Julia Remembering the “Who” and the “How” When Working with Tribal Communities Journal Article Harvard Public Health Review, 30 , 2021. @article{Lee2021, title = {Remembering the “Who” and the “How” When Working with Tribal Communities}, author = {Michele Sky Lee and Arden Day and Carolyn Camplain and Natalie Papini and Melinda Smith and Kate Compton-Gore and Julia Gardner}, url = {https://harvardpublichealthreview.org/30-article-lee./}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-01}, journal = {Harvard Public Health Review}, volume = {30}, abstract = {As doctoral students studying in the field of public health and working with tribal communities, we have had the opportunity to witness the unfolding effects of COVID-19 on diverse populations alongside our public health coursework steeped in theory and research. While in our classes, we examined COVID-19 through different social determinants of health lenses (Marmot & Allen, 2014). For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated an urgent response from public health officials, for which messages of social distancing and hand washing, among others, emerged. While this response was informed by public health officials, these messages were often detached from the complexity of social and environmental factors that are particularly germane to tribal communities. As a group of future public health leaders, we have observed this disconnect and believe the field of public health can strive to better recognize the social determinants of health relevant to tribal communities, including understanding “who” the communities are and “how” to work with communities towards public health solutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As doctoral students studying in the field of public health and working with tribal communities, we have had the opportunity to witness the unfolding effects of COVID-19 on diverse populations alongside our public health coursework steeped in theory and research. While in our classes, we examined COVID-19 through different social determinants of health lenses (Marmot & Allen, 2014). For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated an urgent response from public health officials, for which messages of social distancing and hand washing, among others, emerged. While this response was informed by public health officials, these messages were often detached from the complexity of social and environmental factors that are particularly germane to tribal communities. As a group of future public health leaders, we have observed this disconnect and believe the field of public health can strive to better recognize the social determinants of health relevant to tribal communities, including understanding “who” the communities are and “how” to work with communities towards public health solutions. |
Tippens, Julie A; Hatton-Bowers, Holly; Honomichl, Ryan; Wheeler, Lorey A; Miamidian, Helen M; Bash, Kirstie L; Smith, Michelle Howell C; Nyaoro, Dulo; Byrd, Joshua J; Packard, Samuel E; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya Journal Article American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91 (5), pp. 626–634, 2021. @article{Tippens2021, title = {Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya}, author = {Julie A. Tippens and Holly Hatton-Bowers and Ryan Honomichl and Lorey A. Wheeler and Helen M. Miamidian and Kirstie L. Bash and Michelle C. Howell Smith and Dulo Nyaoro and Joshua J Byrd and Samuel E. Packard and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000564}, doi = {10.1037/ort0000564}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-01}, journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {91}, number = {5}, pages = {626–634}, abstract = {There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lininger, Monica R; Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (13), 2021. @article{Camplain2021, title = {Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137007}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18137007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-30}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health }, volume = {18}, number = {13}, abstract = {We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease. |
Akintobi, Tabia Henry; Sheikhattari, Payam; Shaffer, Emma; Evans, Christina L; Braun, Kathryn L; Sy, Angela U; Mancera, Bibiana; Campa, Adriana; Miller, Stephania T; Sarpong, Daniel; Holliday, Rhonda; Jimenez-Chavez, Julio; Khan, Shafiq; Hinton, Cimona; Sellars-Bates, Kimberly; Ajewole, Veronica; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (12), 2021. @article{Akintobi2021, title = {Community Engagement Practices at Research Centers in U.S. Minority Institutions: Priority Populations and Innovative Approaches to Advancing Health Disparities Research}, author = {Tabia Henry Akintobi and Payam Sheikhattari and Emma Shaffer and Christina L. Evans and Kathryn L. Braun and Angela U. Sy and Bibiana Mancera and Adriana Campa and Stephania T. Miller and Daniel Sarpong and Rhonda Holliday and Julio Jimenez-Chavez and Shafiq Khan and Cimona Hinton and Kimberly Sellars-Bates and Veronica Ajewole and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126675}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18126675}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-21}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health }, volume = {18}, number = {12}, abstract = {This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns. |
Jones, Christopher W; Morales, Crystal G; Eltiste, Sharon L; Yanchik-Slade, Francine E; Lee, Naomi R; Nilsson, Bradley L Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons Journal Article Journal of Peptide Science, 27 , 2021. @article{Jones2021, title = {Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons}, author = {Christopher W. Jones and Crystal G. Morales and Sharon L. Eltiste and Francine E. Yanchik-Slade and Naomi R. Lee and Bradley L. Nilsson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.3334}, doi = {10.1002/psc.3334}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-20}, journal = {Journal of Peptide Science}, volume = {27}, abstract = {Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials. |
Sharma, Vinita; Levin, Bruce Lubotsky; Rahill, Guitele J; Baldwin, Julie A; Luitel, Aditi; Marhefka, Stephanie L Psychiatry Quarterly, 92 , pp. 1595–1609, 2021. @article{Sharma2021, title = {Post-earthquake Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and their Correlates among College-Youths in Kathmandu, Nepal}, author = {Vinita Sharma and Bruce Lubotsky Levin and Guitele J. Rahill and Julie A. Baldwin and Aditi Luitel and Stephanie L. Marhefka }, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34109493/}, doi = {10.1007/s11126-021-09928-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-09}, journal = {Psychiatry Quarterly}, volume = {92}, pages = {1595–1609}, abstract = {Exposure to earthquake has previously been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, however, evidence is limited among youth in resource-limited settings. This study explored the association of retrospective extent of exposure on current day depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 125 youth attending a college in Kathmandu, Nepal. A self-administered survey including socio-demographic variables, scale for earthquake exposure and Nepali language validated standardized scales for depressive and PTSD symptoms was used. Prevalence estimates for depressive symptoms was 43.2% and PTSD symptoms was 19.2%. For each increasing unit of the extent of earthquake exposure, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.001) and PTSD symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.002). Being in a complicated romantic relationship increased the odds of both depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Exposure to earthquake is an important factor to consider while assessing depressive and PTSD symptoms among youth earthquake survivors in Kathmandu. It is important that programs or policies aimed at youth mental health concurrently address disaster exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Exposure to earthquake has previously been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, however, evidence is limited among youth in resource-limited settings. This study explored the association of retrospective extent of exposure on current day depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 125 youth attending a college in Kathmandu, Nepal. A self-administered survey including socio-demographic variables, scale for earthquake exposure and Nepali language validated standardized scales for depressive and PTSD symptoms was used. Prevalence estimates for depressive symptoms was 43.2% and PTSD symptoms was 19.2%. For each increasing unit of the extent of earthquake exposure, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.001) and PTSD symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.002). Being in a complicated romantic relationship increased the odds of both depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Exposure to earthquake is an important factor to consider while assessing depressive and PTSD symptoms among youth earthquake survivors in Kathmandu. It is important that programs or policies aimed at youth mental health concurrently address disaster exposures. |
Sabo, Samantha; Wexler, Nancy; O'Meara, Louisa; Dreifuss, Heather; Soto, Yanitza; Redondo, Floribella; Carter, Heather; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Ingram, Maia Frontiers in Public Health, 9 , 2021. @article{Sabo2021b, title = {Organizational Readiness for Community Health Worker Workforce Integration Among Medicaid Contracted Health Plans and Provider Networks: An Arizona Case Study}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Nancy Wexler and Louisa O'Meara and Heather Dreifuss and Yanitza Soto and Floribella Redondo and Heather Carter and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Maia Ingram}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.601908/full}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.601908}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-07}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {9}, abstract = {Understanding and building organizational capacity for system change and the integration of the Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce within the health scare sector requires a supportive organizational culture among sector leaders and providers. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to assess organizational readiness for CHW workforce integration into Arizona Medicaid health systems and care teams. This collaborative effort was in direct response to emergent state and national CHW workforce policy opportunities, and the shifting health care landscape in Arizona – which merged behavior and physical health. Specifically, and in collaboration with a broad-based, statewide CHW workforce coalition, led by the CHW professional association, we assessed 245 licensed health care professionals with experience working with CHWs and 16 Medicaid-contracted health plan leadership. Our goal was to generate a baseline understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs these stakeholders held about the integration of CHWs into systems and teams. Our findings demonstrate a high level of organizational readiness and action toward integration of CHWs within the Arizona health care system and care teams. CHWs have emerged as a health care workforce able to enhance the patient experience of care, improve population health, reduce cost of care, and improve the experience of providing care among clinicians and staff.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding and building organizational capacity for system change and the integration of the Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce within the health scare sector requires a supportive organizational culture among sector leaders and providers. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to assess organizational readiness for CHW workforce integration into Arizona Medicaid health systems and care teams. This collaborative effort was in direct response to emergent state and national CHW workforce policy opportunities, and the shifting health care landscape in Arizona – which merged behavior and physical health. Specifically, and in collaboration with a broad-based, statewide CHW workforce coalition, led by the CHW professional association, we assessed 245 licensed health care professionals with experience working with CHWs and 16 Medicaid-contracted health plan leadership. Our goal was to generate a baseline understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs these stakeholders held about the integration of CHWs into systems and teams. Our findings demonstrate a high level of organizational readiness and action toward integration of CHWs within the Arizona health care system and care teams. CHWs have emerged as a health care workforce able to enhance the patient experience of care, improve population health, reduce cost of care, and improve the experience of providing care among clinicians and staff. |
Eaves, Emery R; Barber, Jarrett; Whealy, Ryann; Clancey, Sara A; Wright, Rita; Cocking, Jill Hager; Spadafino, Joseph; Hepp, Crystal M Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017 Journal Article PLOS ONE, 16 (6), 2021. @article{Eaves2021, title = {Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Jarrett Barber and Ryann Whealy and Sara A. Clancey and Rita Wright and Jill Hager Cocking and Joseph Spadafino and Crystal M. Hepp }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-03}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {6}, abstract = {In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. |