NAU publications by SHERC
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. SHERC has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Barger, Steven D; Broom, Timothy W; Esposito, Michael V; Lane, Taylor S BMJ Open, 2020. @article{Barger2020, title = {Is subjective well-being independently associated with mortality? A 14-year prospective cohort study in a representative sample of 25 139 US men and women}, author = {Steven D Barger and Timothy W Broom and Michael V Esposito and Taylor S Lane}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045262/}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031776}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-14}, journal = {BMJ Open}, abstract = {A population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardized summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using pre-specified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardized summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using pre-specified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Afghah, Fatemeh Single-modal and multi-modal false arrhythmia alarm reduction using attention-based convolutional and recurrent neural networks Journal Article PLoS One, 15 (1), 2020. @article{Mousavi2020, title = {Single-modal and multi-modal false arrhythmia alarm reduction using attention-based convolutional and recurrent neural networks}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31923226/}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0226990}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-10}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, abstract = {This study proposes a deep learning model that effectively suppresses the false alarms in the intensive care units (ICUs) without ignoring the true alarms using single- and multi- modal biosignals. Most of the current work in the literature are either rule-based methods, requiring prior knowledge of arrhythmia analysis to build rules, or classical machine learning approaches, depending on hand-engineered features. In this work, we apply convolutional neural networks to automatically extract time-invariant features, an attention mechanism to put more emphasis on the important regions of the segmented input signal(s) that are more likely to contribute to an alarm, and long short-term memory units to capture the temporal information presented in the signal segments. We trained our method efficiently using a two-step training algorithm (i.e., pre-training and fine-tuning the proposed network) on the dataset provided by the PhysioNet computing in cardiology challenge 2015. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains better results compared to other existing algorithms for the false alarm reduction task in ICUs. The proposed method achieves a sensitivity of 93.88% and a specificity of 92.05% for the alarm classification, considering three different signals. In addition, our experiments for 5 separate alarm types leads significant results, where we just consider a single-lead ECG (e.g., a sensitivity of 90.71%, a specificity of 88.30%, an AUC of 89.51 for alarm type of Ventricular Tachycardia arrhythmia).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study proposes a deep learning model that effectively suppresses the false alarms in the intensive care units (ICUs) without ignoring the true alarms using single- and multi- modal biosignals. Most of the current work in the literature are either rule-based methods, requiring prior knowledge of arrhythmia analysis to build rules, or classical machine learning approaches, depending on hand-engineered features. In this work, we apply convolutional neural networks to automatically extract time-invariant features, an attention mechanism to put more emphasis on the important regions of the segmented input signal(s) that are more likely to contribute to an alarm, and long short-term memory units to capture the temporal information presented in the signal segments. We trained our method efficiently using a two-step training algorithm (i.e., pre-training and fine-tuning the proposed network) on the dataset provided by the PhysioNet computing in cardiology challenge 2015. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains better results compared to other existing algorithms for the false alarm reduction task in ICUs. The proposed method achieves a sensitivity of 93.88% and a specificity of 92.05% for the alarm classification, considering three different signals. In addition, our experiments for 5 separate alarm types leads significant results, where we just consider a single-lead ECG (e.g., a sensitivity of 90.71%, a specificity of 88.30%, an AUC of 89.51 for alarm type of Ventricular Tachycardia arrhythmia). |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; de Heer, Brooke; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2020. @article{Pro2020, title = {A National Epidemiologic Profile of Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Supportive Childhood Relationships: Group Differences in Predicted Trends and Associations}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Brooke de Heer and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31912443/ }, doi = {10.1007/s40615-019-00696-4}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores. |
Camplain, Ricky; Pinn, Travis A; Williamson, Heather J; Pro, George; Becenti, Lyle; Bret, James; Luna, Crystal; Baldwin, Julie A Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings Journal Article Int Journal of Environ Res Public Health, 17 (1), pp. 349, 2020. @article{Camplain2020b, title = {Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Travis A. Pinn and Heather J. Williamson and George Pro and Lyle Becenti and James Bret and Crystal Luna and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947914/}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17010349}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-04}, journal = {Int Journal of Environ Res Public Health}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {349}, abstract = {Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users' physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users' physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities. |
Lee, Naomi R; Noonan, Carolyn J; Nelson, Lonnie; Umans, Jason G HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Among American Indian and Alaska Native Health and STEM Conference Attendees Journal Article International Journal of Indigenous Health, 14 (2), pp. 205-221, 2019. @article{Lee2019, title = {HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Among American Indian and Alaska Native Health and STEM Conference Attendees}, author = {Naomi R. Lee and Carolyn J. Noonan and Lonnie Nelson and Jason G. Umans}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199482/}, doi = {10.32799/ijih.v14i2.31920}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {International Journal of Indigenous Health}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {205-221}, abstract = {American Indian and Alaska Native women had approximately twice the incidence of cervical cancer as white women. Preventive measures for cervical cancer rely on screening and HPV vaccination. However, vaccine series completion and catch-up vaccinations for eligible adults are low across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify gaps in knowledge and evaluate the attitudes toward HPV and the vaccine among AIANs with various levels of training in the STEM and health-related fields. A survey was used to collect data from audience members at two national conferences geared towards American Indian and Alaska Natives in health and STEM fields in September 2017. A vignette study was administered via a live electronic poll to test knowledge (true/false questions), attitudes, and to collect demographic information. Respondents self-identified as primarily American Indian and Alaska Native (74%), pursuing or completed a graduate degree (67%), and female (85%). Most respondents (86%) were aware of HPV-associated cancer in men. However, most (48-90%) answered incorrectly to detailed true/false statements about HPV and available vaccines. After educational information was provided, opinions collected via vignettes highlighted mainly positive attitudes toward vaccination; specifically, that vaccines are safe and all eligible community members should be vaccinated (75% and 84%, respectively). We observed that our respondents with higher educational attainment still lacked accurate knowledge pertaining to HPV and the vaccine. Overall, continued education about HPV and the vaccine is needed across all levels of education including American Indian and Alaska Native community members and health professionals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian and Alaska Native women had approximately twice the incidence of cervical cancer as white women. Preventive measures for cervical cancer rely on screening and HPV vaccination. However, vaccine series completion and catch-up vaccinations for eligible adults are low across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify gaps in knowledge and evaluate the attitudes toward HPV and the vaccine among AIANs with various levels of training in the STEM and health-related fields. A survey was used to collect data from audience members at two national conferences geared towards American Indian and Alaska Natives in health and STEM fields in September 2017. A vignette study was administered via a live electronic poll to test knowledge (true/false questions), attitudes, and to collect demographic information. Respondents self-identified as primarily American Indian and Alaska Native (74%), pursuing or completed a graduate degree (67%), and female (85%). Most respondents (86%) were aware of HPV-associated cancer in men. However, most (48-90%) answered incorrectly to detailed true/false statements about HPV and available vaccines. After educational information was provided, opinions collected via vignettes highlighted mainly positive attitudes toward vaccination; specifically, that vaccines are safe and all eligible community members should be vaccinated (75% and 84%, respectively). We observed that our respondents with higher educational attainment still lacked accurate knowledge pertaining to HPV and the vaccine. Overall, continued education about HPV and the vaccine is needed across all levels of education including American Indian and Alaska Native community members and health professionals. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Campbell, Anna M; Stuiver, Martijn M; Pinto, Bernardine M; Schwartz, Anna L; Morris, Stephen G; Ligibel, Jennifer A; Cheville, Andrea; Galvão, Daniel A; Alfano, Catherine M; Patel, Alpa V; Hue, Trisha; Gerber, Lynn H; Sallis, Robert; Gusani, Niraj J; Stout, Nicole L; Chan, Leighton; Flowers, Fiona; Doyle, Colleen; Helmrich, Susan; Bain, William; Sokolof, Jonas; Winters-Stone, Kerri M; Campbell, Kristin L; Matthews, Charles E Exercise is medicine in oncology: Engaging clinicians to help patients move through cancer Journal Article CA Cancer J Clin , 69 (6), pp. 468-484, 2019. @article{Schmitz2019, title = {Exercise is medicine in oncology: Engaging clinicians to help patients move through cancer}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Anna M Campbell and Martijn M Stuiver and Bernardine M Pinto and Anna L Schwartz and G Stephen Morris and Jennifer A Ligibel and Andrea Cheville and Daniel A Galvão and Catherine M Alfano and Alpa V Patel and Trisha Hue and Lynn H Gerber and Robert Sallis and Niraj J Gusani and Nicole L Stout and Leighton Chan and Fiona Flowers and Colleen Doyle and Susan Helmrich and William Bain and Jonas Sokolof and Kerri M Winters-Stone and Kristin L Campbell and Charles E Matthews}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31617590/}, doi = {10.3322/caac.21579}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-16}, journal = {CA Cancer J Clin }, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {468-484}, abstract = {Multiple organizations around the world have issued evidence-based exercise guidance for patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Recently, the American College of Sports Medicine has updated its exercise guidance for cancer prevention as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancer health-related outcomes (eg, fatigue, anxiety, depression, function, and quality of life). Despite these guidelines, the majority of people living with and beyond cancer are not regularly physically active. Among the reasons for this is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. The authors propose using the American College of Sports Medicine's Exercise Is Medicine initiative to address this practice gap. The simple proposal is for clinicians to assess, advise, and refer patients to either home-based or community-based exercise or for further evaluation and intervention in outpatient rehabilitation. To do this will require care coordination with appropriate professionals as well as change in the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and those who deliver the rehabilitation and exercise programming. Behavior change is one of many challenges to enacting the proposed practice changes. Other implementation challenges include capacity for triage and referral, the need for a program registry, costs and compensation, and workforce development. In conclusion, there is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Multiple organizations around the world have issued evidence-based exercise guidance for patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Recently, the American College of Sports Medicine has updated its exercise guidance for cancer prevention as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancer health-related outcomes (eg, fatigue, anxiety, depression, function, and quality of life). Despite these guidelines, the majority of people living with and beyond cancer are not regularly physically active. Among the reasons for this is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. The authors propose using the American College of Sports Medicine's Exercise Is Medicine initiative to address this practice gap. The simple proposal is for clinicians to assess, advise, and refer patients to either home-based or community-based exercise or for further evaluation and intervention in outpatient rehabilitation. To do this will require care coordination with appropriate professionals as well as change in the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and those who deliver the rehabilitation and exercise programming. Behavior change is one of many challenges to enacting the proposed practice changes. Other implementation challenges include capacity for triage and referral, the need for a program registry, costs and compensation, and workforce development. In conclusion, there is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them. |
Trotter, Robert T; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Camplain, Ricky; Arazan, Christine L; Camplain, Carolyn; Eaves, Emery R; Hanabury, Mary; Hepp, Crystal M; Kohlbeck, Bailey S; Lininger, Monica R; Peoples, Marie; Dmitrieva, Natalia O; Baldwin, Julie A Health disparities in jail populations: Mixed methods and multi-disciplinary community engagement for justice and health impacts Journal Article Practicing Anthropology, 41 (4), pp. 2-10-16, 2019. @article{Trotter2019, title = {Health disparities in jail populations: Mixed methods and multi-disciplinary community engagement for justice and health impacts}, author = {Robert T Trotter and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Ricky Camplain and Christine L Arazan and Carolyn Camplain and Emery R Eaves and Mary Hanabury and Crystal M Hepp and Bailey S Kohlbeck and Monica R Lininger and Marie Peoples and Natalia O Dmitrieva and Julie A Baldwin}, doi = {10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.2}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-04}, journal = {Practicing Anthropology}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {2-10-16}, abstract = {This special issue of Practicing Anthropology presents multidisciplinary and multisectoral views of a community engaged health disparities project titled "Health Disparities in Jail Populations: Converging Epidemics of Infectious Disease, Chronic Illness, Behavioral Health, and Substance Abuse." The overall project incorporated traditional anthropological mixed-methods approaches with theory and methods from informatics, epidemiology, genomics, evolutionary and computational biology, community engagement, and applied/translational science.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This special issue of Practicing Anthropology presents multidisciplinary and multisectoral views of a community engaged health disparities project titled "Health Disparities in Jail Populations: Converging Epidemics of Infectious Disease, Chronic Illness, Behavioral Health, and Substance Abuse." The overall project incorporated traditional anthropological mixed-methods approaches with theory and methods from informatics, epidemiology, genomics, evolutionary and computational biology, community engagement, and applied/translational science. |
Pearson, Talima; Barger, Steven; Lininger, Monica; Wayment, Heidi; Hepp, Crystal; Villa, Francisco; Tucker-Morgan, Karen; Kyman, Shari; Cabrera, Melissa; Hurtado, Kevin; Menard, Ashley; Fulbright, Kelly; Wood, Colin; Mbegbu, Mimi; Zambrano, Yesenia; Fletcher, Annette; Medina-Rodriguez, Sarah; Manone, Mark; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; II, Robert Trotter T Health Disparities in Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Carriage in a Border Region of the United States Based on Cultural Differences in Social Relationships: Protocol for a Survey Study Journal Article JMIR Research Protocols, 8 (9), 2019. @article{T2019, title = {Health Disparities in Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Carriage in a Border Region of the United States Based on Cultural Differences in Social Relationships: Protocol for a Survey Study}, author = {Talima Pearson and Steven Barger and Monica Lininger and Heidi Wayment and Crystal Hepp and Francisco Villa and Karen Tucker-Morgan and Shari Kyman and Melissa Cabrera and Kevin Hurtado and Ashley Menard and Kelly Fulbright and Colin Wood and Mimi Mbegbu and Yesenia Zambrano and Annette Fletcher and Sarah Medina-Rodriguez and Mark Manone and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Robert T. Trotter II}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-27}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocols}, volume = {8}, number = {9}, abstract = {Health care–associated Staphylococcus aureus infections are declining but remain common. Conversely, rates of community-associated infections have not decreased because of the inadequacy of public health mechanisms to control transmission in a community setting. Our long-term goal is to use risk-based information from empirical socio-cultural-biological evidence of carriage and transmission to inform intervention strategies that reduce S aureus transmission in the community. Broad differences in social interactions because of cultural affiliation, travel, and residency patterns may impact S aureus carriage and transmission, either as risk or as protective factors. This study is designed to evaluate ethnic-specific prevalence of S aureus carriage in a US border community. The study will also examine the extent to which kin and nonkin social relationships are concordant with carriage prevalence in social groups. Genetic analysis of S aureus strains will further distinguish putative transmission pathways across social relationship contexts and inform our understanding of the correspondence of S aureus reservoirs across clinical and community settings. Basic community-engaged nonprobabilistic sampling procedures provide a rigorous framework for completion of this 5-year study of the social and cultural parameters of S aureus carriage and transmission.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Health care–associated Staphylococcus aureus infections are declining but remain common. Conversely, rates of community-associated infections have not decreased because of the inadequacy of public health mechanisms to control transmission in a community setting. Our long-term goal is to use risk-based information from empirical socio-cultural-biological evidence of carriage and transmission to inform intervention strategies that reduce S aureus transmission in the community. Broad differences in social interactions because of cultural affiliation, travel, and residency patterns may impact S aureus carriage and transmission, either as risk or as protective factors. This study is designed to evaluate ethnic-specific prevalence of S aureus carriage in a US border community. The study will also examine the extent to which kin and nonkin social relationships are concordant with carriage prevalence in social groups. Genetic analysis of S aureus strains will further distinguish putative transmission pathways across social relationship contexts and inform our understanding of the correspondence of S aureus reservoirs across clinical and community settings. Basic community-engaged nonprobabilistic sampling procedures provide a rigorous framework for completion of this 5-year study of the social and cultural parameters of S aureus carriage and transmission. |
Greene, Joshua R; Merrett, Kahla L; Heyert, Alexanndra J; Simmons, Lucas F; Migliori, Camille M; Vogt, Kristen C; Castro, Rebeca S; Phillips, Paul D; Baker, Joseph L; Lindberg, Gerrick E; Fox, David T; Sesto, Rico Del E; Koppisch, Andrew T Scope and efficacy of the broad-spectrum topical antiseptic choline geranate Journal Article PLoS One, 14 (9), 2019. @article{Greene2019, title = {Scope and efficacy of the broad-spectrum topical antiseptic choline geranate}, author = {Joshua R Greene and Kahla L Merrett and Alexanndra J Heyert and Lucas F Simmons and Camille M Migliori and Kristen C Vogt and Rebeca S Castro and Paul D Phillips and Joseph L Baker and Gerrick E Lindberg and David T Fox and Rico E Del Sesto and Andrew T Koppisch}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222211}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0222211}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-17}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {14}, number = {9}, abstract = {Choline geranate (also described as Choline And GEranic acid, or CAGE) has been developed as a novel biocompatible antiseptic material capable of penetrating skin and aiding the transdermal delivery of co-administered antibiotics. The antibacterial properties of CAGE were analyzed against 24 and 72 hour old biofilms of 11 clinically isolated ESKAPE pathogens (defined as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp, respectively), including multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. CAGE was observed to eradicate in vitro biofilms at concentrations as low as 3.56 mM (0.156% v:v) in as little as 2 hours, which represents both an improved potency and rate of biofilm eradication relative to that reported for most common standard-of-care topical antiseptics in current use. In vitro time-kill studies on 24 hour old Staphylococcus aureus biofilms indicate that CAGE exerts its antibacterial effect upon contact and a 0.1% v:v solution reduced biofilm viability by over three orders of magnitude (a 3log10 reduction) in 15 minutes. Furthermore, disruption of the protective layer of exopolymeric substances in mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus by CAGE (0.1% v:v) was observed in 120 minutes. Insight into the mechanism of action of CAGE was provided with molecular modeling studies alongside in vitro antibiofilm assays. The geranate ion and geranic acid components of CAGE are predicted to act in concert to integrate into bacterial membranes, affect membrane thinning and perturb membrane homeostasis. Taken together, our results show that CAGE demonstrates all properties required of an effective topical antiseptic and the data also provides insight into how its observed antibiofilm properties may manifest.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Choline geranate (also described as Choline And GEranic acid, or CAGE) has been developed as a novel biocompatible antiseptic material capable of penetrating skin and aiding the transdermal delivery of co-administered antibiotics. The antibacterial properties of CAGE were analyzed against 24 and 72 hour old biofilms of 11 clinically isolated ESKAPE pathogens (defined as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp, respectively), including multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. CAGE was observed to eradicate in vitro biofilms at concentrations as low as 3.56 mM (0.156% v:v) in as little as 2 hours, which represents both an improved potency and rate of biofilm eradication relative to that reported for most common standard-of-care topical antiseptics in current use. In vitro time-kill studies on 24 hour old Staphylococcus aureus biofilms indicate that CAGE exerts its antibacterial effect upon contact and a 0.1% v:v solution reduced biofilm viability by over three orders of magnitude (a 3log10 reduction) in 15 minutes. Furthermore, disruption of the protective layer of exopolymeric substances in mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus by CAGE (0.1% v:v) was observed in 120 minutes. Insight into the mechanism of action of CAGE was provided with molecular modeling studies alongside in vitro antibiofilm assays. The geranate ion and geranic acid components of CAGE are predicted to act in concert to integrate into bacterial membranes, affect membrane thinning and perturb membrane homeostasis. Taken together, our results show that CAGE demonstrates all properties required of an effective topical antiseptic and the data also provides insight into how its observed antibiofilm properties may manifest. |
Mousavi, Seyed Sajad; Afghah, Fatemah; Razi, Abolfazl; Acharya, Rajendra U Learning where to attend for detection of atrial fibrillation with deep visual attention Journal Article IEEE EMBS Int Conf Biomed Health Inform, 2019. @article{Mousavi2019c, title = {Learning where to attend for detection of atrial fibrillation with deep visual attention}, author = {Seyed Sajad Mousavi and Fatemah Afghah and Abolfazl Razi and U Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33083788/}, doi = {10.1109/BHI.2019.8834637}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-12}, journal = {IEEE EMBS Int Conf Biomed Health Inform}, abstract = {The complexity of the patterns associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the high level of noise affecting these patterns have significantly limited the application of current signal processing and shallow machine learning approaches to accurately detect this condition. Deep neural networks have shown to be very powerful to learn the non-linear patterns in various problems such as computer vision tasks. While deep learning approaches have been utilized to learn complex patterns related to the presence of AF in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, they can considerably benefit from knowing which parts of the signal is more important to focus on during learning. In this paper, we introduce a two-channel deep neural network to more accurately detect the presence of AF in the ECG signals. The first channel takes in an ECG signal and automatically learns where to attend for detection of AF. The second channel simultaneously takes in the same ECG signal to consider all features of the entire signal. Besides improving detection accuracy, this model can guide the physicians via visualization that what parts of the given ECG signal are important to attend while trying to detect atrial fibrillation. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model significantly improves the performance of AF detection on well-known MIT-BIH AF database with 5-s ECG segments (achieved a sensitivity of 99.53%, specificity of 99.26% and accuracy of 99.40%). }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The complexity of the patterns associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the high level of noise affecting these patterns have significantly limited the application of current signal processing and shallow machine learning approaches to accurately detect this condition. Deep neural networks have shown to be very powerful to learn the non-linear patterns in various problems such as computer vision tasks. While deep learning approaches have been utilized to learn complex patterns related to the presence of AF in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, they can considerably benefit from knowing which parts of the signal is more important to focus on during learning. In this paper, we introduce a two-channel deep neural network to more accurately detect the presence of AF in the ECG signals. The first channel takes in an ECG signal and automatically learns where to attend for detection of AF. The second channel simultaneously takes in the same ECG signal to consider all features of the entire signal. Besides improving detection accuracy, this model can guide the physicians via visualization that what parts of the given ECG signal are important to attend while trying to detect atrial fibrillation. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model significantly improves the performance of AF detection on well-known MIT-BIH AF database with 5-s ECG segments (achieved a sensitivity of 99.53%, specificity of 99.26% and accuracy of 99.40%). |
Chen, Jiaming; Valehi, Ali; Afghah, Fatemeh; Razi, Abolfazl A Deviation Analysis Framework for ECG Signals Using Controlled Spatial Transformation. Journal Article IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI), pp. 1-4, 2019. @article{Chen2019, title = {A Deviation Analysis Framework for ECG Signals Using Controlled Spatial Transformation.}, author = {Jiaming Chen and Ali Valehi and Fatemeh Afghah and Abolfazl Razi}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8834617/authors#authors}, doi = {10.1109/BHI.2019.8834617}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-11}, journal = {IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI)}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {Current automated heart monitoring tools use supervised learning methods to recognize heart disorders based on ECG signal morphology. We develop a new ECG processing algorithm that enables early prediction of disorders through a novel deviation analysis. The idea is developing a patient-specific ECG baseline and characterizing the deviation of signal morphology towards any of the abnormality classes with specific morphological features. To enable this feature, a novel controlled non-linear transformation is designed to achieve maximal symmetry in the feature space. Our results using benchmark MIT-BIH database show that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 96% and can be used to trigger yellow alarms to warn patients from increased risk of upcoming heart abnormalities (5% to 10% increase with respect to normal conditions). This feature can be used in health monitoring devices to advise patients to take preventive and precaution actions before critical situations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Current automated heart monitoring tools use supervised learning methods to recognize heart disorders based on ECG signal morphology. We develop a new ECG processing algorithm that enables early prediction of disorders through a novel deviation analysis. The idea is developing a patient-specific ECG baseline and characterizing the deviation of signal morphology towards any of the abnormality classes with specific morphological features. To enable this feature, a novel controlled non-linear transformation is designed to achieve maximal symmetry in the feature space. Our results using benchmark MIT-BIH database show that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 96% and can be used to trigger yellow alarms to warn patients from increased risk of upcoming heart abnormalities (5% to 10% increase with respect to normal conditions). This feature can be used in health monitoring devices to advise patients to take preventive and precaution actions before critical situations. |
Camplain, Ricky; Baldwin, Julie A Commentary: The Search for Health Equity among Individuals Incarcerated in Jail Journal Article Practicing Anthropology, 41 (1), pp. 46-48, 2019. @article{Camplain2019c, title = {Commentary: The Search for Health Equity among Individuals Incarcerated in Jail }, author = {Ricky Camplain and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.46}, doi = {10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.46}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, journal = {Practicing Anthropology}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {46-48}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; Sabo, Samantha; Baldwin, Julie; Gilbert, Paul A Substance abuse treatment in correctional versus non-correctional settings: Analysis of racial/ethnic and gender differences Journal Article Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 12 (3), pp. 1-20, 2019. @article{Pro2019, title = {Substance abuse treatment in correctional versus non-correctional settings: Analysis of racial/ethnic and gender differences}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Samantha Sabo and Julie Baldwin and Paul A Gilbert}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33110710/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {Alcohol and drug abuse are widespread in the US. Substance abuse treatment services are effective, but utilization of services is low, particularly among African Americans, Hispanics, and women. Substance abuse is strongly associated with incarceration, and African Americans and Hispanics make up a disproportionate percentage of individuals with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal justice system. High treatment need, low treatment uptake, and the association between substance abuse and incarceration have led, in part, to correctional institutions filling the treatment gap by increasingly providing safety-net treatment services. We sought to better understand racial/ethnic and gender differences in determinants of treatment location (jail or prison versus non-correctional settings) among treatment-seeking adults.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alcohol and drug abuse are widespread in the US. Substance abuse treatment services are effective, but utilization of services is low, particularly among African Americans, Hispanics, and women. Substance abuse is strongly associated with incarceration, and African Americans and Hispanics make up a disproportionate percentage of individuals with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal justice system. High treatment need, low treatment uptake, and the association between substance abuse and incarceration have led, in part, to correctional institutions filling the treatment gap by increasingly providing safety-net treatment services. We sought to better understand racial/ethnic and gender differences in determinants of treatment location (jail or prison versus non-correctional settings) among treatment-seeking adults. |
Bolyen, Evan; Rideout, Jai Ram; Dillon, Matthew R; Bokulich, Nicholas A; Abnet, Christian C; Al-Ghalith, Gabriel A; Alexander, Harriet; Alm, Eric J; Arumugam, Manimozhiyan; Asnicar, Francesco; Bai, Yang; Bisanz, Jordan E; Bittinger, Kyle; Brejnrod, Asker; Brislawn, Colin J; Brown, Titus C; Callahan, Benjamin J; Caraballo-Rodríguez, Andrés Mauricio; Chase, John; Cope, Emily K; Silva, Ricardo Da; Diener, Christian; Dorrestein, Pieter C; Douglas, Gavin M; Durall, Daniel M; Duvallet, Claire; Edwardson, Christian F; Ernst, Madeleine; Estaki, Mehrbod; Fouquier, Jennifer; Gauglitz, Julia M; Gibbons, Sean M; Gibson, Deanna L; Gonzalez, Antonio; Gorlick, Kestrel; Guo, Jiarong; Hillmann, Benjamin; Holmes, Susan; Holste, Hannes; Huttenhower, Curtis; Huttley, Gavin A; Janssen, Stefan; Jarmusch, Alan K; Jiang, Lingjing; Kaehler, Benjamin D; Kang, Kyo Bin; Keefe, Christopher R; Keim, Paul; Kelley, Scott T; Knights, Dan; Koester, Irina; Kosciolek, Tomasz; Kreps, Jorden; Langille, Morgan G I; Lee, Joslynn; Ley, Ruth; Liu, Yong-Xin; Loftfield, Erikka; Lozupone, Catherine; Maher, Massoud; Marotz, Clarisse; Martin, Bryan D; McDonald, Daniel; McIver, Lauren J; Melnik, Alexey V; Metcalf, Jessica L; Morgan, Sydney C; Morton, Jamie T; Naimey, Ahmad Turan; Navas-Molina, Jose A; Nothias, Louis Felix; Orchanian, Stephanie B; Pearson, Talima; Peoples, Samuel L; Petras, Daniel; Preuss, Mary Lai; Pruesse, Elmar; Rasmussen, Lasse Buur; Rivers, Adam; II, Michael Robeson S; Rosenthal, Patrick; Segata, Nicola; Shaffer, Michael; Shiffer, Arron; Sinha, Rashmi; Song, Se Jin; Spear, John R; Swafford, Austin D; Thompson, Luke R; Torres, Pedro J; Trinh, Pauline; Tripathi, Anupriya; Turnbaugh, Peter J; Ul-Hasan, Sabah; van der Hooft, Justin J J; Vargas, Fernando; Vázquez-Baeza, Yoshiki; Vogtmann, Emily; von Hippel, Max; Walters, William; Wan, Yunhu; Wang, Mingxun; Warren, Jonathan; Weber, Kyle C; Williamson, Charles H D; Willis, Amy D; Xu, Zhenjiang Zech; Zaneveld, Jesse R; Zhang, Yilong; Zhu, Qiyun; Knight, Rob; Caporaso, Gregory J Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2 Journal Article Nature Biotechnology, 37 (8), pp. 852-857, 2019. @article{Bolyen2019, title = {Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2}, author = {Evan Bolyen and Jai Ram Rideout and Matthew R Dillon and Nicholas A Bokulich and Christian C Abnet and Gabriel A Al-Ghalith and Harriet Alexander and Eric J Alm and Manimozhiyan Arumugam and Francesco Asnicar and Yang Bai and Jordan E Bisanz and Kyle Bittinger and Asker Brejnrod and Colin J Brislawn and C Titus Brown and Benjamin J Callahan and Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez and John Chase and Emily K Cope and Ricardo Da Silva and Christian Diener and Pieter C Dorrestein and Gavin M Douglas and Daniel M Durall and Claire Duvallet and Christian F Edwardson and Madeleine Ernst and Mehrbod Estaki and Jennifer Fouquier and Julia M Gauglitz and Sean M Gibbons and Deanna L Gibson and Antonio Gonzalez and Kestrel Gorlick and Jiarong Guo and Benjamin Hillmann and Susan Holmes and Hannes Holste and Curtis Huttenhower and Gavin A Huttley and Stefan Janssen and Alan K Jarmusch and Lingjing Jiang and Benjamin D Kaehler and Kyo Bin Kang and Christopher R Keefe and Paul Keim and Scott T Kelley and Dan Knights and Irina Koester and Tomasz Kosciolek and Jorden Kreps and Morgan G I Langille and Joslynn Lee and Ruth Ley and Yong-Xin Liu and Erikka Loftfield and Catherine Lozupone and Massoud Maher and Clarisse Marotz and Bryan D Martin and Daniel McDonald and Lauren J McIver and Alexey V Melnik and Jessica L Metcalf and Sydney C Morgan and Jamie T Morton and Ahmad Turan Naimey and Jose A Navas-Molina and Louis Felix Nothias and Stephanie B Orchanian and Talima Pearson and Samuel L Peoples and Daniel Petras and Mary Lai Preuss and Elmar Pruesse and Lasse Buur Rasmussen and Adam Rivers and Michael S Robeson II and Patrick Rosenthal and Nicola Segata and Michael Shaffer and Arron Shiffer and Rashmi Sinha and Se Jin Song and John R Spear and Austin D Swafford and Luke R Thompson and Pedro J Torres and Pauline Trinh and Anupriya Tripathi and Peter J Turnbaugh and Sabah Ul-Hasan and Justin J J van der Hooft and Fernando Vargas and Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza and Emily Vogtmann and Max von Hippel and William Walters and Yunhu Wan and Mingxun Wang and Jonathan Warren and Kyle C Weber and Charles H D Williamson and Amy D Willis and Zhenjiang Zech Xu and Jesse R Zaneveld and Yilong Zhang and Qiyun Zhu and Rob Knight and J Gregory Caporaso}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-019-0209-9}, doi = {10.1038/s41587-019-0209-9}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-09}, journal = {Nature Biotechnology}, volume = {37}, number = {8}, pages = {852-857}, abstract = {Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This growing understanding relates to the vast diversity of microorganisms; how microbiota and microbiomes affect disease1 and medical treatment2; how microorganisms affect the health of the planet3; and the nascent exploration of the medical4, forensic5, environmental6 and agricultural7 applications of microbiome biotechnology. Much of this work has been driven by marker-gene surveys (for example, bacterial/archaeal 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal-transcribed-spacer regions and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes), which profile microbiota with varying degrees of taxonomic specificity and phylogenetic information. The field is now transitioning to integrate other data types, such as metabolite8, metaproteome9 or metatranscriptome profiles.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This growing understanding relates to the vast diversity of microorganisms; how microbiota and microbiomes affect disease1 and medical treatment2; how microorganisms affect the health of the planet3; and the nascent exploration of the medical4, forensic5, environmental6 and agricultural7 applications of microbiome biotechnology. Much of this work has been driven by marker-gene surveys (for example, bacterial/archaeal 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal-transcribed-spacer regions and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes), which profile microbiota with varying degrees of taxonomic specificity and phylogenetic information. The field is now transitioning to integrate other data types, such as metabolite8, metaproteome9 or metatranscriptome profiles. |
Ghazanfari, Behzad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Najarian, Kayvan; Mousavi, Sajad; Gryak, Jonathan; Todd, James An Unsupervised Feature Learning Approach to Reduce False Alarm Rate in ICUs Journal Article Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc., pp. 349-353, 2019. @article{Ghazanfari2019, title = {An Unsupervised Feature Learning Approach to Reduce False Alarm Rate in ICUs}, author = {Behzad Ghazanfari and Fatemeh Afghah and Kayvan Najarian and Sajad Mousavi and Jonathan Gryak and James Todd}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8857034}, doi = { 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857034}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-23}, journal = {Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.}, pages = {349-353}, abstract = {The high rate of false alarms in intensive care units (ICUs) is one of the top challenges of using medical technology in hospitals. These false alarms are often caused by patients' movements, detachment of monitoring sensors, or different sources of noise and interference that impact the collected signals from different monitoring devices. In this paper, we propose a novel set of high-level features based on unsupervised feature learning technique in order to effectively capture the characteristics of different arrhythmia in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and differentiate them from irregularity in signals due to different sources of signal disturbances. This unsupervised feature learning technique, first extracts a set of low-level features from all existing heart cycles of a patient, and then clusters these segments for each individual patient to provide a set of prominent high-level features. The objective of the clustering phase is to enable the classification method to differentiate between the high-level features extracted from normal and abnormal cycles (i.e., either due to arrhythmia or different sources of distortions in signal) in order to put more attention to the features extracted from abnormal portion of the signal that contribute to the alarm.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The high rate of false alarms in intensive care units (ICUs) is one of the top challenges of using medical technology in hospitals. These false alarms are often caused by patients' movements, detachment of monitoring sensors, or different sources of noise and interference that impact the collected signals from different monitoring devices. In this paper, we propose a novel set of high-level features based on unsupervised feature learning technique in order to effectively capture the characteristics of different arrhythmia in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and differentiate them from irregularity in signals due to different sources of signal disturbances. This unsupervised feature learning technique, first extracts a set of low-level features from all existing heart cycles of a patient, and then clusters these segments for each individual patient to provide a set of prominent high-level features. The objective of the clustering phase is to enable the classification method to differentiate between the high-level features extracted from normal and abnormal cycles (i.e., either due to arrhythmia or different sources of distortions in signal) in order to put more attention to the features extracted from abnormal portion of the signal that contribute to the alarm. |
Camplain, Ricky; Warren, Meghan; Baldwin, Julie A; Camplain, Carolyn; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; II, Robert Trotter T Epidemiology of Incarceration: Characterizing Jail Incarceration for Public Health Research Journal Article Epidemiology, 30 (4), pp. 561-568, 2019. @article{Camplain2019, title = {Epidemiology of Incarceration: Characterizing Jail Incarceration for Public Health Research}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Meghan Warren and Julie A Baldwin and Carolyn Camplain and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Robert T Trotter II}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2019/07000/Epidemiology_of_Incarceration__Characterizing_Jail.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/EDE.0000000000001021}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-01}, journal = {Epidemiology}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, pages = {561-568}, abstract = {Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to reincarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001 to 2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was one (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR = 0-5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR = 1-23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been reincarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B536.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to reincarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001 to 2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was one (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR = 0-5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR = 1-23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been reincarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B536. |
de Heer, Hendrik D; Bea, Jennifer; Kinslow, Brian; Thuraisingam, Ravina; Valdez, Luis; Yazzie, Etta; Schwartz, Anna L Development of a Culturally Relevant Physical Activity Intervention for Navajo Cancer Survivors Journal Article Collaborations: A Journal of Community-based Research and Practice, 2 (1), pp. 15, 2019. @article{deHeer2019b, title = {Development of a Culturally Relevant Physical Activity Intervention for Navajo Cancer Survivors}, author = {Hendrik D. de Heer and Jennifer Bea and Brian Kinslow and Ravina Thuraisingam and Luis Valdez and Etta Yazzie and Anna L. Schwartz}, url = {http://doi.org/10.33596/coll.40}, doi = {10.33596/coll.40}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-13}, journal = {Collaborations: A Journal of Community-based Research and Practice}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {15}, abstract = {Despite well-documented benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors, few interventions have been developed for Native American cancer survivors, the population with the poorest survival rates of any group. This paper describes the development and cultural adaptation of a physical activity intervention for Navajo cancer survivors using Intervention Mapping (IM). IM procedures were guided by the PEN-3 (Perceptions-Enablers-Nurturers) and Health Belief Models and informed by a qualitative study with 40 Navajo cancer survivors and family members. For each theoretical construct (perceived benefits, barriers, enablers of healthy behaviors, etc.), a measurable objective was identified. These objectives were then matched with intervention strategies. The IM process indicated the need for a highly culturally sensitive environment (site and providers), culturally acceptable measurements and materials, and integrating cultural and environmental activity preferences. Program objectives aligned directly with these areas. Intervention strategies included: (a) collaboration with providers sensitive to historical/cultural context and environmental barriers; (b) cultural adaptation of surveys, non-invasive physical measurements, no biospecimen storage; (c) materials, terminology and symbols embracing cultural values of return to harmony; (d) physical activities that are flexible and aligned with cultural preferences and environment/travel issues (e.g., outdoor walking; community and home-based options; portable, inexpensive resistance equipment; local resources; family/friends participation and more community cancer education); (e) clinical adaptations by site and symptoms. This study is the first to document the process of adaptation of a physical activity program for Navajo cancer survivors. Objectives and strategies incorporated via IM are expected to foster sustainability and enhance uptake, satisfaction, and adherence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Despite well-documented benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors, few interventions have been developed for Native American cancer survivors, the population with the poorest survival rates of any group. This paper describes the development and cultural adaptation of a physical activity intervention for Navajo cancer survivors using Intervention Mapping (IM). IM procedures were guided by the PEN-3 (Perceptions-Enablers-Nurturers) and Health Belief Models and informed by a qualitative study with 40 Navajo cancer survivors and family members. For each theoretical construct (perceived benefits, barriers, enablers of healthy behaviors, etc.), a measurable objective was identified. These objectives were then matched with intervention strategies. The IM process indicated the need for a highly culturally sensitive environment (site and providers), culturally acceptable measurements and materials, and integrating cultural and environmental activity preferences. Program objectives aligned directly with these areas. Intervention strategies included: (a) collaboration with providers sensitive to historical/cultural context and environmental barriers; (b) cultural adaptation of surveys, non-invasive physical measurements, no biospecimen storage; (c) materials, terminology and symbols embracing cultural values of return to harmony; (d) physical activities that are flexible and aligned with cultural preferences and environment/travel issues (e.g., outdoor walking; community and home-based options; portable, inexpensive resistance equipment; local resources; family/friends participation and more community cancer education); (e) clinical adaptations by site and symptoms. This study is the first to document the process of adaptation of a physical activity program for Navajo cancer survivors. Objectives and strategies incorporated via IM are expected to foster sustainability and enhance uptake, satisfaction, and adherence. |
Vigil-Hayes, Morgan; Collier, Ann Futterman; Castillo, Giovanni; Blackhorse, Davona; Awbery, Nikole; Abrahim, John-Paul Designing a Mobile Game That Develops Emotional Resiliency in Indian Country Journal Article Ext Abstr Hum Factors Computing Syst, 2019. @article{Vigil-Hayes2019, title = { Designing a Mobile Game That Develops Emotional Resiliency in Indian Country}, author = {Morgan Vigil-Hayes and Ann Futterman Collier and Giovanni Castillo and Davona Blackhorse and Nikole Awbery and John-Paul Abrahim}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290607.3312790}, doi = {10.1145/3290607.3312790}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-17}, journal = {Ext Abstr Hum Factors Computing Syst}, abstract = {Communities in Indian Country experience severe behavioral health inequities [11, 12]. Based on recent research investigating scalable behavioral health interventions and therapeutic best practices for Native American (NA) communities, we propose ARORA, a social and emotional learning intervention delivered over a networked mobile game that uses geosocial gaming mechanisms enhanced with augmented reality technology. Focusing on the Navajo community, we take a community-based participatory research approach to include NA psychologists, community health workers, and educators as co-designers of the intervention activities and gaming mechanisms. Critical questions involve the operation of the application across low-infrastructure landscapes as well scalability of design practices to be inclusive of the many diverse NA cultural communities in Indian Country.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Communities in Indian Country experience severe behavioral health inequities [11, 12]. Based on recent research investigating scalable behavioral health interventions and therapeutic best practices for Native American (NA) communities, we propose ARORA, a social and emotional learning intervention delivered over a networked mobile game that uses geosocial gaming mechanisms enhanced with augmented reality technology. Focusing on the Navajo community, we take a community-based participatory research approach to include NA psychologists, community health workers, and educators as co-designers of the intervention activities and gaming mechanisms. Critical questions involve the operation of the application across low-infrastructure landscapes as well scalability of design practices to be inclusive of the many diverse NA cultural communities in Indian Country. |
Bartee, David; Sanders, Sara; Phillips, Paul D; Harrison, Mackenzie J; Koppisch, Andrew T; Meyers, Caren Freel L Enamide Prodrugs of Acetyl Phosphonate Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Inhibitors as Potent Antibacterial Agents Journal Article ACS Infect. Dis, 5 (3), pp. 406-417, 2019. @article{Bartee2019, title = {Enamide Prodrugs of Acetyl Phosphonate Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Inhibitors as Potent Antibacterial Agents}, author = {David Bartee and Sara Sanders and Paul D Phillips and Mackenzie J Harrison and Andrew T Koppisch and Caren L Freel Meyers}, url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00307}, doi = {10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00307}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-08}, journal = {ACS Infect. Dis}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {406-417}, abstract = {To fight the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics are required that target essential bacterial processes other than protein, DNA/RNA, and cell wall synthesis, which constitute the majority of currently used antibiotics. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) synthase is a vital enzyme in bacterial central metabolism, feeding into the de novo synthesis of thiamine diphosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, and essential isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. While potent and selective inhibitors of DXP synthase in vitro activity have been discovered, their antibacterial activity is modest. To improve the antibacterial activity of selective alkyl acetylphosphonate (alkylAP) inhibitors of DXP synthase, we synthesized peptidic enamide prodrugs of alkylAPs inspired by the natural product dehydrophos, a prodrug of methyl acetylphosphonate. This prodrug strategy achieves dramatic increases in activity against Gram-negative pathogens for two alkylAPs, butyl acetylphosphonate and homopropargyl acetylphosphonate, decreasing minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli by 33- and nearly 2000-fold, respectively. Antimicrobial studies and LC-MS/MS analysis of alkylAP-treated E. coli establish that the increased potency of prodrugs is due to increased accumulation of alkylAP inhibitors of DXP synthase via transport of the prodrug through the OppA peptide permease and subsequent amide hydrolysis. This work demonstrates the promise of targeting DXP synthase for the development of novel antibacterial agents.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To fight the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics are required that target essential bacterial processes other than protein, DNA/RNA, and cell wall synthesis, which constitute the majority of currently used antibiotics. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) synthase is a vital enzyme in bacterial central metabolism, feeding into the de novo synthesis of thiamine diphosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, and essential isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. While potent and selective inhibitors of DXP synthase in vitro activity have been discovered, their antibacterial activity is modest. To improve the antibacterial activity of selective alkyl acetylphosphonate (alkylAP) inhibitors of DXP synthase, we synthesized peptidic enamide prodrugs of alkylAPs inspired by the natural product dehydrophos, a prodrug of methyl acetylphosphonate. This prodrug strategy achieves dramatic increases in activity against Gram-negative pathogens for two alkylAPs, butyl acetylphosphonate and homopropargyl acetylphosphonate, decreasing minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli by 33- and nearly 2000-fold, respectively. Antimicrobial studies and LC-MS/MS analysis of alkylAP-treated E. coli establish that the increased potency of prodrugs is due to increased accumulation of alkylAP inhibitors of DXP synthase via transport of the prodrug through the OppA peptide permease and subsequent amide hydrolysis. This work demonstrates the promise of targeting DXP synthase for the development of novel antibacterial agents. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Acharya, U.Rajendra SleepEEGNet: Automated sleep stage scoring with sequence to sequence deep learning approach Journal Article PLoS One, 14 (5), 2019. @article{Mousavi2019, title = {SleepEEGNet: Automated sleep stage scoring with sequence to sequence deep learning approach}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Fatemeh Afghah and U.Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0216456}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0216456}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-07}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, abstract = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common base signal used to monitor brain activities and diagnose sleep disorders. Manual sleep stage scoring is a time-consuming task for sleep experts and is limited by inter-rater reliability. In this paper, we propose an automatic sleep stage annotation method called SleepEEGNet using a single-channel EEG signal. The SleepEEGNet is composed of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract time-invariant features, frequency information, and a sequence to sequence model to capture the complex and long short-term context dependencies between sleep epochs and scores. In addition, to reduce the effect of the class imbalance problem presented in the available sleep datasets, we applied novel loss functions to have an equal misclassified error for each sleep stage while training the network. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method on different single-EEG channels (i.e., Fpz-Cz and Pz-Oz EEG channels) from the Physionet Sleep-EDF datasets published in 2013 and 2018. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the best annotation performance compared to current literature, with an overall accuracy of 84.26%, a macro F1-score of 79.66% and κ = 0.79. Our developed model can be applied to other sleep EEG signals and aid the sleep specialists to arrive at an accurate diagnosis}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common base signal used to monitor brain activities and diagnose sleep disorders. Manual sleep stage scoring is a time-consuming task for sleep experts and is limited by inter-rater reliability. In this paper, we propose an automatic sleep stage annotation method called SleepEEGNet using a single-channel EEG signal. The SleepEEGNet is composed of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract time-invariant features, frequency information, and a sequence to sequence model to capture the complex and long short-term context dependencies between sleep epochs and scores. In addition, to reduce the effect of the class imbalance problem presented in the available sleep datasets, we applied novel loss functions to have an equal misclassified error for each sleep stage while training the network. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method on different single-EEG channels (i.e., Fpz-Cz and Pz-Oz EEG channels) from the Physionet Sleep-EDF datasets published in 2013 and 2018. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the best annotation performance compared to current literature, with an overall accuracy of 84.26%, a macro F1-score of 79.66% and κ = 0.79. Our developed model can be applied to other sleep EEG signals and aid the sleep specialists to arrive at an accurate diagnosis |
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