NAU publications by SHERC
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. SHERC has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Sabo, Samantha; Lee, Naomi; Sears, Grant; Jiménez, Dulce J; Tutt, Marissa; Santos, Jeffersson; Gomez, Omar; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Bennet, Marianne; Nashio, Neva T; Flores, Fernando; Baldwin, Julie Community Health Representatives as Trusted Sources for Increasing Representation of American Indian Communities in Clinical Research Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (5), 2023. @article{Sabo2023, title = {Community Health Representatives as Trusted Sources for Increasing Representation of American Indian Communities in Clinical Research}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Naomi Lee and Grant Sears and Dulce J. Jiménez and Marissa Tutt and Jeffersson Santos and Omar Gomez and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Marianne Bennet and T. Neva Nashio and Fernando Flores and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054391}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph20054391}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-03-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {20}, number = {5}, abstract = {Indigenous and American Indian Alaskan Native (AI/AN) community members are systematically underrepresented in clinical trial research. This paper focuses on exploratory steps to partner with Native Nations of Arizona to engage Community Health Representatives (CHR) as a trusted source for building COVID-19 clinical trial research, including vaccine trials awareness. CHRs are frontline public health workers who apply a unique understanding of the experience, language, and culture of the population served. This workforce has entered the spotlight as essential to the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: Three Tribal CHR programs were engaged to develop and refine culturally centered educational materials and a pre-post survey using a consensus-based decision-making approach. CHRs used these materials in brief education sessions during regular client home visits and community events. At 30 days post CHR intervention, participants (N = 165) demonstrated significantly increased awareness about and ability to enroll in COVID-19 treatment and vaccine trials. Participants also described a significant increase in trust in researchers, decreased perceived barriers related to cost for participation in a clinical trial, and improved belief that participation in a COVID-19 clinical trial for treatment was considered a benefit to American Indian and Alaskan Native people. CHRs as trusted sources of information, coupled with culturally centered education materials designed by CHRs for CHR clients, demonstrated a promising approach to improved awareness of clinical trial research generally and COVID-19 trials specifically among Indigenous and American Indian community members of Arizona.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Indigenous and American Indian Alaskan Native (AI/AN) community members are systematically underrepresented in clinical trial research. This paper focuses on exploratory steps to partner with Native Nations of Arizona to engage Community Health Representatives (CHR) as a trusted source for building COVID-19 clinical trial research, including vaccine trials awareness. CHRs are frontline public health workers who apply a unique understanding of the experience, language, and culture of the population served. This workforce has entered the spotlight as essential to the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: Three Tribal CHR programs were engaged to develop and refine culturally centered educational materials and a pre-post survey using a consensus-based decision-making approach. CHRs used these materials in brief education sessions during regular client home visits and community events. At 30 days post CHR intervention, participants (N = 165) demonstrated significantly increased awareness about and ability to enroll in COVID-19 treatment and vaccine trials. Participants also described a significant increase in trust in researchers, decreased perceived barriers related to cost for participation in a clinical trial, and improved belief that participation in a COVID-19 clinical trial for treatment was considered a benefit to American Indian and Alaskan Native people. CHRs as trusted sources of information, coupled with culturally centered education materials designed by CHRs for CHR clients, demonstrated a promising approach to improved awareness of clinical trial research generally and COVID-19 trials specifically among Indigenous and American Indian community members of Arizona. |
Kahn, Carmella B; James, DeeDee; George, Shawndeena; Johnson, Tressica; Kahn-John, Michelle; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Begay, Chassity; Tutt, Marissa; Bauer, Mark C Diné (Navajo) Traditional Knowledge Holders’ Perspective of COVID-19 Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20 (4), pp. 3728, 2023. @article{Kahn2023, title = {Diné (Navajo) Traditional Knowledge Holders’ Perspective of COVID-19}, author = {Carmella B. Kahn and DeeDee James and Shawndeena George and Tressica Johnson and Michelle Kahn-John and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Chassity Begay and Marissa Tutt and Mark C. Bauer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043728 }, doi = {10.3390/ijerph20043728}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-02-20}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {3728}, abstract = {From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Navajo Nation, Diné (Navajo) traditional knowledge holders (TKHs), such as medicine men and women and traditional practitioners, contributed their services and healing practices. Although TKHs are not always fully acknowledged in the western health care system, they have an established role to protect and promote the health of Diné people. To date, their roles in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic have not been fully explored. The purpose of this research was to understand the social and cultural contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines based on the roles and perspectives of Diné TKHs. A multi-investigator consensus analysis was conducted by six American Indian researchers using interviews with TKHs collected between December 2021–January 2022. The Hózhó Resilience Model was used as a framework to analyze the data using four parent themes: COVID-19, harmony and relationships, spirituality, and respect for self and discipline. These parent themes were further organized into promoters and/or barriers for 12 sub-themes that emerged from the data, such as traditional knowledge, Diné identity, and vaccine. Overall, the analysis showed key factors that could be applied in pandemic planning and public health mitigation efforts based on the cultural perspective of TKHs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Navajo Nation, Diné (Navajo) traditional knowledge holders (TKHs), such as medicine men and women and traditional practitioners, contributed their services and healing practices. Although TKHs are not always fully acknowledged in the western health care system, they have an established role to protect and promote the health of Diné people. To date, their roles in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic have not been fully explored. The purpose of this research was to understand the social and cultural contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines based on the roles and perspectives of Diné TKHs. A multi-investigator consensus analysis was conducted by six American Indian researchers using interviews with TKHs collected between December 2021–January 2022. The Hózhó Resilience Model was used as a framework to analyze the data using four parent themes: COVID-19, harmony and relationships, spirituality, and respect for self and discipline. These parent themes were further organized into promoters and/or barriers for 12 sub-themes that emerged from the data, such as traditional knowledge, Diné identity, and vaccine. Overall, the analysis showed key factors that could be applied in pandemic planning and public health mitigation efforts based on the cultural perspective of TKHs. |
Lane, Taylor S; Sonderegger, Derek L; Binns, Helen J; Kirk, Shelley; Christison, Amy L; Novick, Marsha; Tucker, Jared; King, Eileen; Wallace, Stephenie; Brazendale, Keith; Kharofa, Roohi Y; Walka, Sherry; Heer, Hendrik ‘Dirk’ De Pediatric Obesity, 2023. @article{Lane2023, title = {Seasonal variability in body mass index change among children enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry: A step in the right direction}, author = {Taylor S. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Helen J. Binns and Shelley Kirk and Amy L. Christison and Marsha Novick and Jared Tucker and Eileen King and Stephenie Wallace and Keith Brazendale and Roohi Y. Kharofa and Sherry Walka and Hendrik ‘Dirk’ De Heer}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijpo.13012}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-25}, journal = {Pediatric Obesity}, abstract = {Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in pediatric weight management (PWM) programs. To test for seasonal variability in weight change among youth with obesity in PWM care enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). Across 31 clinics nationwide, children reduced their %BMIp95 every season, but reductions were significantly smaller during the summer quarter. While PWM successfully mitigated excess weight gain during every period, summer remains a high-priority time.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in pediatric weight management (PWM) programs. To test for seasonal variability in weight change among youth with obesity in PWM care enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). Across 31 clinics nationwide, children reduced their %BMIp95 every season, but reductions were significantly smaller during the summer quarter. While PWM successfully mitigated excess weight gain during every period, summer remains a high-priority time. |
Eaves, Emery R; Doerry, Eck; Lanzetta, Shana A; Kruithoff, Kathryn M; Negron, Kayla; Dykman, Kaitlyn; Thoney, Olivia; Harper, Calvin C Applying user-centered design in the development of a supportive mHealth app for women in substance use recovery Journal Article American Journal of Health Promotion, 37 (1), pp. 56-64, 2023. @article{Eaves2023, title = {Applying user-centered design in the development of a supportive mHealth app for women in substance use recovery}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Eck Doerry and Shana A. Lanzetta and Kathryn M. Kruithoff and Kayla Negron and Kaitlyn Dykman and Olivia Thoney and Calvin C. Harper}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171221113834}, doi = {10.1177/08901171221113834}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-20}, journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {56-64}, abstract = {Women in recovery describe stigma, negative treatment, and limited support as barriers to achieving their health and parenting goals. Mobile health technologies carefully tailored to support the unique needs of recovery communities can provide less burdensome alternatives to in-person services for women transitioning out of substance use treatment. An iterative design process integrated women’s interests into the structure, content, and interaction flow of a mobile health (mHealth) app.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Women in recovery describe stigma, negative treatment, and limited support as barriers to achieving their health and parenting goals. Mobile health technologies carefully tailored to support the unique needs of recovery communities can provide less burdensome alternatives to in-person services for women transitioning out of substance use treatment. An iterative design process integrated women’s interests into the structure, content, and interaction flow of a mobile health (mHealth) app. |
Eddie, Regina S; Karntisching, Laura; Eccleston, Bobby; Schwartz, Anna Addressing Health Inequities through Simulation Training and Education in Rural and Tribal Communities Journal Article International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research, 6 , 2023. @article{Eddie2023, title = {Addressing Health Inequities through Simulation Training and Education in Rural and Tribal Communities}, author = {Regina S Eddie and Laura Karntisching and Bobby Eccleston and Anna Schwartz}, url = {https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-9501.101388}, doi = {10.29011/2688-9501.101388}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-16}, journal = {International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research}, volume = {6}, abstract = {The nursing shortage is serious and getting worse in medically underserved areas. Nursing education needs to include faculty education in simulation-based education that focuses on public health and cultural education. New nurse graduates are inadequately prepared and need additional training to provide culturally appropriate care to varied and rural populations. Method: This project used simulation-based education and rural clinical placements to enhance the training and education needs of faculty, students and community partners to better address the health care needs of people living in rural and medically underserved areas of the Navajo Nation and northern Arizona. Results: The project increased knowledge and interest among faculty and community partners on simulation-based education as well as positive student learning experiences. Conclusion: Public health and culture can be integrated into simulation-based education. Partnerships with tribal communities can play a valuable role in nursing education.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The nursing shortage is serious and getting worse in medically underserved areas. Nursing education needs to include faculty education in simulation-based education that focuses on public health and cultural education. New nurse graduates are inadequately prepared and need additional training to provide culturally appropriate care to varied and rural populations. Method: This project used simulation-based education and rural clinical placements to enhance the training and education needs of faculty, students and community partners to better address the health care needs of people living in rural and medically underserved areas of the Navajo Nation and northern Arizona. Results: The project increased knowledge and interest among faculty and community partners on simulation-based education as well as positive student learning experiences. Conclusion: Public health and culture can be integrated into simulation-based education. Partnerships with tribal communities can play a valuable role in nursing education. |
Sears, Grant; Tutt, Marissa; Sabo, Samantha; Lee, Naomi; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Baca, Anthony; Bennett, Marianne; Nashio, Neva J T; Flores, Fernando; Baldwin, Julie Building Trust and Awareness to Increase AZ Native Nation Participation in COVID-19 Vaccines Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (1), pp. 31, 2022. @article{Sears2022, title = {Building Trust and Awareness to Increase AZ Native Nation Participation in COVID-19 Vaccines}, author = {Grant Sears and Marissa Tutt and Samantha Sabo and Naomi Lee and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Anthony Baca and Marianne Bennett and J.T. Neva Nashio and Fernando Flores and Julie Baldwin}, url = { https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010031}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph20010031}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-20}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {31}, abstract = {The goal of this study was to establish effective, culturally appropriate strategies to enhance participation of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in prevention and treatment of COVID-19, including vaccine uptake. Thirteen Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from three Arizona Native nations tailored education materials to each community. CHRs delivered the intervention to over 160 community members and administered a pre-posttest to assess trusted sources of information, knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Based on pre-posttest results, doctors/healthcare providers and CHRs were the most trusted health messengers for COVID-19 information; contacts on social media, the state and federal governments, and mainstream news were among the least trusted. Almost two-thirds of respondents felt the education session was relevant to their community and culture, and more than half reported using the education materials to talk to a family member or friend about getting vaccinated. About 67% trusted the COVID-19 information provided and 74% trusted the CHR providing the information. Culturally and locally relevant COVID-19 vaccine information was welcomed and used by community members to advocate for vaccination. The materials and education provided by CHRs were viewed as helpful and emphasized the trust and influence CHRs have in their communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The goal of this study was to establish effective, culturally appropriate strategies to enhance participation of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in prevention and treatment of COVID-19, including vaccine uptake. Thirteen Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from three Arizona Native nations tailored education materials to each community. CHRs delivered the intervention to over 160 community members and administered a pre-posttest to assess trusted sources of information, knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Based on pre-posttest results, doctors/healthcare providers and CHRs were the most trusted health messengers for COVID-19 information; contacts on social media, the state and federal governments, and mainstream news were among the least trusted. Almost two-thirds of respondents felt the education session was relevant to their community and culture, and more than half reported using the education materials to talk to a family member or friend about getting vaccinated. About 67% trusted the COVID-19 information provided and 74% trusted the CHR providing the information. Culturally and locally relevant COVID-19 vaccine information was welcomed and used by community members to advocate for vaccination. The materials and education provided by CHRs were viewed as helpful and emphasized the trust and influence CHRs have in their communities. |
Henson, Sierra N; Elko, Evan A; Swiderski, Piotr M; Liang, Yong; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Piña, Alejandra; Boyle, Annalee S; Fink, Zane; Facista, Salvatore J; Martinez, Vidal; Rahee, Fatima; Brown, Annabelle; Kelley, Erin J; Nelson, Georgia A; Raspet, Isaiah; Mead, Heather L; Altin, John A; Ladner, Jason T PepSeq: a fully in vitro platform for highly multiplexed serology using customizable DNA-barcoded peptide libraries Journal Article Nature Protocols, 18 , pp. 396–423, 2022. @article{Henson2022, title = {PepSeq: a fully in vitro platform for highly multiplexed serology using customizable DNA-barcoded peptide libraries}, author = {Sierra N. Henson and Evan A. Elko and Piotr M. Swiderski and Yong Liang and Anna L. Engelbrektson and Alejandra Piña and Annalee S. Boyle and Zane Fink and Salvatore J. Facista and Vidal Martinez and Fatima Rahee and Annabelle Brown and Erin J. Kelley and Georgia A. Nelson and Isaiah Raspet and Heather L. Mead and John A. Altin and Jason T. Ladner}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-022-00766-8}, doi = {10.1038/s41596-022-00766-8}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-11-16}, journal = {Nature Protocols}, volume = {18}, pages = {396–423}, abstract = {PepSeq is an in vitro platform for building and conducting highly multiplexed proteomic assays against customizable targets by using DNA-barcoded peptides. Starting with a pool of DNA oligonucleotides encoding peptides of interest, this protocol outlines a fully in vitro and massively parallel procedure for synthesizing the encoded peptides and covalently linking each to a corresponding cDNA tag. The resulting libraries of peptide/DNA conjugates can be used for highly multiplexed assays that leverage high-throughput sequencing to profile the binding or enzymatic specificities of proteins of interest. Here, we describe the implementation of PepSeq for fast and cost-effective epitope-level analysis of antibody reactivity across hundreds of thousands of peptides from <1 µl of serum or plasma input. This protocol includes the design of the DNA oligonucleotide library, synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide constructs, binding of constructs to sample, preparation for sequencing and data analysis. Implemented in this way, PepSeq can be used for a number of applications, including fine-scale mapping of antibody epitopes and determining a subject’s pathogen exposure history. The protocol is divided into two main sections: (i) design and synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide libraries and (ii) use of libraries for highly multiplexed serology. Once oligonucleotide templates are in hand, library synthesis takes 1–2 weeks and can provide enough material for hundreds to thousands of assays. Serological assays can be conducted in 96-well plates and generate sequencing data within a further ~4 d. A suite of software tools, including the PepSIRF package, are made available to facilitate the design of PepSeq libraries and analysis of assay data.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PepSeq is an in vitro platform for building and conducting highly multiplexed proteomic assays against customizable targets by using DNA-barcoded peptides. Starting with a pool of DNA oligonucleotides encoding peptides of interest, this protocol outlines a fully in vitro and massively parallel procedure for synthesizing the encoded peptides and covalently linking each to a corresponding cDNA tag. The resulting libraries of peptide/DNA conjugates can be used for highly multiplexed assays that leverage high-throughput sequencing to profile the binding or enzymatic specificities of proteins of interest. Here, we describe the implementation of PepSeq for fast and cost-effective epitope-level analysis of antibody reactivity across hundreds of thousands of peptides from <1 µl of serum or plasma input. This protocol includes the design of the DNA oligonucleotide library, synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide constructs, binding of constructs to sample, preparation for sequencing and data analysis. Implemented in this way, PepSeq can be used for a number of applications, including fine-scale mapping of antibody epitopes and determining a subject’s pathogen exposure history. The protocol is divided into two main sections: (i) design and synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide libraries and (ii) use of libraries for highly multiplexed serology. Once oligonucleotide templates are in hand, library synthesis takes 1–2 weeks and can provide enough material for hundreds to thousands of assays. Serological assays can be conducted in 96-well plates and generate sequencing data within a further ~4 d. A suite of software tools, including the PepSIRF package, are made available to facilitate the design of PepSeq libraries and analysis of assay data. |
Braun, KL; Harjo, LD; Burhansstipanov, L; Kawakami, KL; Palakiko, DM; McElfish, PA; Cruz, MR Dela; Antonio, MC; Sanderson, PR; Bauer, MC; Teufel-Shone, NI Addressing Racism in Indigenous Health Journal Article Forthcoming Forthcoming. @article{Braun2022, title = {Addressing Racism in Indigenous Health}, author = {KL Braun and LD Harjo and L Burhansstipanov and KL Kawakami and DM Palakiko and PA McElfish and MR Dela Cruz and MC Antonio and PR Sanderson and MC Bauer and NI Teufel-Shone}, editor = {L Burhansstipanov and KL Braun}, url = {https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813195841/indigenous-public-health/}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-09}, booktitle = {Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions}, publisher = {University Press of Kentucky}, abstract = {Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions illustrates how successful community engagement strategies, programs, and resources within indigenous communities have resulted in diverse, successful public health programs, and helped community members overcome barriers to health. Editors Linda Burhansstipanov and Kathryn L. Braun explore the problems that impact engagement efforts, discuss public health topics, acknowledge and honor the strengths of different communities, and emphasize that collaboration and the sharing of resources can only improve the lives involved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions illustrates how successful community engagement strategies, programs, and resources within indigenous communities have resulted in diverse, successful public health programs, and helped community members overcome barriers to health. Editors Linda Burhansstipanov and Kathryn L. Braun explore the problems that impact engagement efforts, discuss public health topics, acknowledge and honor the strengths of different communities, and emphasize that collaboration and the sharing of resources can only improve the lives involved. |
Cluff, Emily; Magdaleno, Carina C; Fernandez, Emyly; House, Trenton; Swaminathan, Srividya; Varadaraj, Archana; Rajasekaran, Narendiran Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022. @article{Cluff2022c, title = {Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression is induced by IL-2 via the PI3K/mTOR pathway in hypoxic NK cells and supports effector functions in NKL cells and ex vivo expanded NK cells}, author = {Emily Cluff and Carina C. Magdaleno and Emyly Fernandez and Trenton House and Srividya Swaminathan and Archana Varadaraj and Narendiran Rajasekaran}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, doi = {10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-01}, journal = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy}, abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. |
Eaves, Emery R; II, Robert Trotter T; Marquez, Bonnie; Negron, Kayla; Doerry, Eck; Mensah, David; Compton-Gore, Kate A; Lanzetta, Shana A; Kruithoff, Kathryn; Dykman, Kaitlyn; Baldwin, Julie A Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs Journal Article Front. Sociol, 7 , 2022. @article{Eaves2022, title = {Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Robert T. Trotter II and Bonnie Marquez and Kayla Negron and Eck Doerry and David Mensah and Kate A. Compton-Gore and Shana A. Lanzetta and Kathryn Kruithoff and Kaitlyn Dykman and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-22}, journal = {Front. Sociol}, volume = {7}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders. |
Mommaerts, Katherine; Lopez, Nanette V; Camplain, Carolyn; Keene, Chesleigh; Hale, Ashley Marie; Camplain, Ricky Nutrition Availability for Those Incarcerated in Jail: Implications for Mental Health Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2022. @article{Mommaerts2022, title = {Nutrition Availability for Those Incarcerated in Jail: Implications for Mental Health}, author = {Katherine Mommaerts and Nanette V. Lopez and Carolyn Camplain and Chesleigh Keene and Ashley Marie Hale and Ricky Camplain }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-02-2022-0009}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-04}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines. Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations. However, Vitamin D (for men and women), magnesium (for men only) and omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations. As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines. Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations. However, Vitamin D (for men and women), magnesium (for men only) and omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations. As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health. |
Pollitt, Amanda M; Blair, Karen L; Lannutti, Pamela J A review of two decades of LGBTQ-inclusive research in JSPR and PR Journal Article Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research, 30 (1), pp. 144-173, 2022. @article{Pollitt2022, title = {A review of two decades of LGBTQ-inclusive research in JSPR and PR}, author = {Amanda M. Pollitt and Karen L. Blair and Pamela J. Lannutti}, url = { https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12432}, doi = {10.1111/pere.12432}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-15}, journal = {Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {144-173}, abstract = {The field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) relationship science has grown significantly over the past two decades, coinciding with rapid changes in the social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people. However, it is unclear to what extent the top two journals in relationship science, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Personal Relationships, have contributed to the field. In this critical review, we analyzed the 2181 manuscripts published in the journals between 2002 and 2021 for whether they included or excluded LGBTQ+ participants, the methodologies used to analyze their data, and their conclusions about LGBTQ+ lives and relationships. The overwhelming majority (85.8%) of manuscripts did not acknowledge LGBTQ+ relationships; however, there have been improvements compared to past research in retaining LGBTQ+ participants within a data set when they were present. We identified 92 manuscripts that contributed to knowledge about LGBTQ+ lives or relationships. We discuss the lack of intersectional analyses and methodological challenges of incorporating multiple forms of diversity within quantitative research. Overarching themes across manuscript content included minority stress, relationship formation, social support, and commitment. Overall, though the research in the two journals has contributed to the literature on LGBTQ+ relationships, our review suggests that scholars do not consider these two journals as a first choice for finding or publishing LGBTQ+ relationship science.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) relationship science has grown significantly over the past two decades, coinciding with rapid changes in the social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people. However, it is unclear to what extent the top two journals in relationship science, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Personal Relationships, have contributed to the field. In this critical review, we analyzed the 2181 manuscripts published in the journals between 2002 and 2021 for whether they included or excluded LGBTQ+ participants, the methodologies used to analyze their data, and their conclusions about LGBTQ+ lives and relationships. The overwhelming majority (85.8%) of manuscripts did not acknowledge LGBTQ+ relationships; however, there have been improvements compared to past research in retaining LGBTQ+ participants within a data set when they were present. We identified 92 manuscripts that contributed to knowledge about LGBTQ+ lives or relationships. We discuss the lack of intersectional analyses and methodological challenges of incorporating multiple forms of diversity within quantitative research. Overarching themes across manuscript content included minority stress, relationship formation, social support, and commitment. Overall, though the research in the two journals has contributed to the literature on LGBTQ+ relationships, our review suggests that scholars do not consider these two journals as a first choice for finding or publishing LGBTQ+ relationship science. |
Pinn, Travis; Williamson, Heather; Robinson, Bethany; Shuman, Sara; Evans, Maria; Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky Everything has changed”: detention officer roles and recreation time changes due to COVID-19 policies at a Southwest County Jail Journal Article Health Justice, 10 (18), 2022. @article{Pinn2022, title = {Everything has changed”: detention officer roles and recreation time changes due to COVID-19 policies at a Southwest County Jail}, author = {Travis Pinn and Heather Williamson and Bethany Robinson and Sara Shuman and Maria Evans and George Pro and Ricky Camplain }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-022-00181-x}, doi = {10.1186/s40352-022-00181-x}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-04}, journal = {Health Justice}, volume = {10}, number = {18}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic responses in jails have forced detention officers to adjust how they approach the confinement and care of individuals while they are incarcerated. One aspect of incarceration affected was detention officers’ roles. The aims of this research project were to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general duties of detention officers at a Southwest County Jail. Detention officers were recruited via email to participate in an online questionnaire from October to December 2020. Participants answered Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their job duties. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic responses in jails have forced detention officers to adjust how they approach the confinement and care of individuals while they are incarcerated. One aspect of incarceration affected was detention officers’ roles. The aims of this research project were to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general duties of detention officers at a Southwest County Jail. Detention officers were recruited via email to participate in an online questionnaire from October to December 2020. Participants answered Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their job duties. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses. |
Jiménez, Dulce J; Sabo, Samantha; Remiker, Mark; Smith, Melinda; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron E; Williamson, Heather J; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural northern Arizona: County-level Leaders' Perspectives on Health Equity Journal Article BMC Public Health, 22 (1), pp. 960, 2022. @article{Jiménez2022, title = {A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural northern Arizona: County-level Leaders' Perspectives on Health Equity}, author = {Dulce J. Jiménez and Samantha Sabo and Mark Remiker and Melinda Smith and Alexandra E. Samarron Longorio and Heather J. Williamson and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13279-6}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-13279-6}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-13}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {960}, abstract = {Multisectoral and public–private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. A focus on health equity by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers prioritizes action to address the systematic, avoidable, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations that are beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, and grow. This paper explores multisectoral leaders’ understanding of the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity in northern Arizona, a geographically expansive, largely rural, and culturally diverse region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Multisectoral and public–private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. A focus on health equity by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers prioritizes action to address the systematic, avoidable, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations that are beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, and grow. This paper explores multisectoral leaders’ understanding of the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity in northern Arizona, a geographically expansive, largely rural, and culturally diverse region. |
Joseph, Naveen; Propper, Catherine R; Goebel, Madeline; Henry, Shantel; Roy, Indrakshi; Kolok, Alan S Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West Journal Article Geohealth, 6 (5), 2022. @article{Joseph2022b, title = {Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West}, author = {Naveen Joseph and Catherine R. Propper and Madeline Goebel and Shantel Henry and Indrakshi Roy and Alan S. Kolok}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000544}, doi = {10.1029/2021GH000544}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-01}, journal = {Geohealth}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales. |
Bosch, Pamela R; Karmarkar, Amol M; Roy, Indrakshi; Fehnel, Corey R; Burke, Robert E; Kumar, Amit Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity Journal Article JAMA Netw Open, 5 (3), 2022. @article{Bosch2022, title = {Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity}, author = {Pamela R. Bosch and Amol M. Karmarkar and Indrakshi Roy and Corey R. Fehnel and Robert E. Burke and Amit Kumar}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790579}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4596}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-31}, journal = {JAMA Netw Open}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, abstract = {Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Evie Y; Remiker, Mark; Hustead, Morgan Lee-Regalado; Bacon, Rachel; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Dorothy Dunn &Julie J Aging & Mental Health, 2022. @article{McCarthy2022, title = {Diverse rural caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias: analysis of health factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community level}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Y. Evie Garcia and Mark Remiker and Morgan Lee-Regalado Hustead and Rachel Bacon and Heather J. Williamson and Dorothy J. Dunn &Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-31}, journal = {Aging & Mental Health}, abstract = {Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Warren, Meghan; Shaibi, Stefany D; Fabricant, Maximilian; Falvey, Jason R; Vashist, Amit; Karmarkar, Amol M Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery Journal Article Physical Therapy, 2022. @article{Kumar2022, title = {Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Meghan Warren and Stefany D Shaibi and Maximilian Fabricant and Jason R Falvey and Amit Vashist and Amol M Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, doi = {10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-13}, journal = {Physical Therapy}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models. |
Harris, Robin B; Brown, Heidi E; Begay, Rachelle L; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Chief, Carmenlita; Monroy, Fernando P; Oren, Eyal Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (2), pp. 797, 2022. @article{Harris2022, title = {Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona}, author = {Robin B. Harris and Heidi E. Brown and Rachelle L. Begay and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Carmenlita Chief and Fernando P. Monroy and Eyal Oren}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/797}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020797}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-12}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {797}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment. |
Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Jiménez, Dulce; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron; Chief, Carmenlita; Williamson, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study Journal Article JMIR Formative Research, 5 (5), 2021. @article{Remiker2021, title = {Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study}, author = {Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Dulce Jiménez and Alexandra Samarron Longorio and Carmenlita Chief and Heather Williamson and Nicolette Teufel-Shone }, url = {https://formative.jmir.org/2021/5/e25577}, doi = {10.2196/25577}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-05}, journal = {JMIR Formative Research}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts. |
2023 |
Sabo, Samantha; Lee, Naomi; Sears, Grant; Jiménez, Dulce J; Tutt, Marissa; Santos, Jeffersson; Gomez, Omar; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Bennet, Marianne; Nashio, Neva T; Flores, Fernando; Baldwin, Julie Community Health Representatives as Trusted Sources for Increasing Representation of American Indian Communities in Clinical Research Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (5), 2023. @article{Sabo2023, title = {Community Health Representatives as Trusted Sources for Increasing Representation of American Indian Communities in Clinical Research}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Naomi Lee and Grant Sears and Dulce J. Jiménez and Marissa Tutt and Jeffersson Santos and Omar Gomez and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Marianne Bennet and T. Neva Nashio and Fernando Flores and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054391}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph20054391}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-03-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {20}, number = {5}, abstract = {Indigenous and American Indian Alaskan Native (AI/AN) community members are systematically underrepresented in clinical trial research. This paper focuses on exploratory steps to partner with Native Nations of Arizona to engage Community Health Representatives (CHR) as a trusted source for building COVID-19 clinical trial research, including vaccine trials awareness. CHRs are frontline public health workers who apply a unique understanding of the experience, language, and culture of the population served. This workforce has entered the spotlight as essential to the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: Three Tribal CHR programs were engaged to develop and refine culturally centered educational materials and a pre-post survey using a consensus-based decision-making approach. CHRs used these materials in brief education sessions during regular client home visits and community events. At 30 days post CHR intervention, participants (N = 165) demonstrated significantly increased awareness about and ability to enroll in COVID-19 treatment and vaccine trials. Participants also described a significant increase in trust in researchers, decreased perceived barriers related to cost for participation in a clinical trial, and improved belief that participation in a COVID-19 clinical trial for treatment was considered a benefit to American Indian and Alaskan Native people. CHRs as trusted sources of information, coupled with culturally centered education materials designed by CHRs for CHR clients, demonstrated a promising approach to improved awareness of clinical trial research generally and COVID-19 trials specifically among Indigenous and American Indian community members of Arizona.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Indigenous and American Indian Alaskan Native (AI/AN) community members are systematically underrepresented in clinical trial research. This paper focuses on exploratory steps to partner with Native Nations of Arizona to engage Community Health Representatives (CHR) as a trusted source for building COVID-19 clinical trial research, including vaccine trials awareness. CHRs are frontline public health workers who apply a unique understanding of the experience, language, and culture of the population served. This workforce has entered the spotlight as essential to the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: Three Tribal CHR programs were engaged to develop and refine culturally centered educational materials and a pre-post survey using a consensus-based decision-making approach. CHRs used these materials in brief education sessions during regular client home visits and community events. At 30 days post CHR intervention, participants (N = 165) demonstrated significantly increased awareness about and ability to enroll in COVID-19 treatment and vaccine trials. Participants also described a significant increase in trust in researchers, decreased perceived barriers related to cost for participation in a clinical trial, and improved belief that participation in a COVID-19 clinical trial for treatment was considered a benefit to American Indian and Alaskan Native people. CHRs as trusted sources of information, coupled with culturally centered education materials designed by CHRs for CHR clients, demonstrated a promising approach to improved awareness of clinical trial research generally and COVID-19 trials specifically among Indigenous and American Indian community members of Arizona. |
Kahn, Carmella B; James, DeeDee; George, Shawndeena; Johnson, Tressica; Kahn-John, Michelle; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Begay, Chassity; Tutt, Marissa; Bauer, Mark C Diné (Navajo) Traditional Knowledge Holders’ Perspective of COVID-19 Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20 (4), pp. 3728, 2023. @article{Kahn2023, title = {Diné (Navajo) Traditional Knowledge Holders’ Perspective of COVID-19}, author = {Carmella B. Kahn and DeeDee James and Shawndeena George and Tressica Johnson and Michelle Kahn-John and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Chassity Begay and Marissa Tutt and Mark C. Bauer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043728 }, doi = {10.3390/ijerph20043728}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-02-20}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {3728}, abstract = {From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Navajo Nation, Diné (Navajo) traditional knowledge holders (TKHs), such as medicine men and women and traditional practitioners, contributed their services and healing practices. Although TKHs are not always fully acknowledged in the western health care system, they have an established role to protect and promote the health of Diné people. To date, their roles in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic have not been fully explored. The purpose of this research was to understand the social and cultural contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines based on the roles and perspectives of Diné TKHs. A multi-investigator consensus analysis was conducted by six American Indian researchers using interviews with TKHs collected between December 2021–January 2022. The Hózhó Resilience Model was used as a framework to analyze the data using four parent themes: COVID-19, harmony and relationships, spirituality, and respect for self and discipline. These parent themes were further organized into promoters and/or barriers for 12 sub-themes that emerged from the data, such as traditional knowledge, Diné identity, and vaccine. Overall, the analysis showed key factors that could be applied in pandemic planning and public health mitigation efforts based on the cultural perspective of TKHs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Navajo Nation, Diné (Navajo) traditional knowledge holders (TKHs), such as medicine men and women and traditional practitioners, contributed their services and healing practices. Although TKHs are not always fully acknowledged in the western health care system, they have an established role to protect and promote the health of Diné people. To date, their roles in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic have not been fully explored. The purpose of this research was to understand the social and cultural contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines based on the roles and perspectives of Diné TKHs. A multi-investigator consensus analysis was conducted by six American Indian researchers using interviews with TKHs collected between December 2021–January 2022. The Hózhó Resilience Model was used as a framework to analyze the data using four parent themes: COVID-19, harmony and relationships, spirituality, and respect for self and discipline. These parent themes were further organized into promoters and/or barriers for 12 sub-themes that emerged from the data, such as traditional knowledge, Diné identity, and vaccine. Overall, the analysis showed key factors that could be applied in pandemic planning and public health mitigation efforts based on the cultural perspective of TKHs. |
Lane, Taylor S; Sonderegger, Derek L; Binns, Helen J; Kirk, Shelley; Christison, Amy L; Novick, Marsha; Tucker, Jared; King, Eileen; Wallace, Stephenie; Brazendale, Keith; Kharofa, Roohi Y; Walka, Sherry; Heer, Hendrik ‘Dirk’ De Pediatric Obesity, 2023. @article{Lane2023, title = {Seasonal variability in body mass index change among children enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry: A step in the right direction}, author = {Taylor S. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Helen J. Binns and Shelley Kirk and Amy L. Christison and Marsha Novick and Jared Tucker and Eileen King and Stephenie Wallace and Keith Brazendale and Roohi Y. Kharofa and Sherry Walka and Hendrik ‘Dirk’ De Heer}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijpo.13012}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-25}, journal = {Pediatric Obesity}, abstract = {Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in pediatric weight management (PWM) programs. To test for seasonal variability in weight change among youth with obesity in PWM care enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). Across 31 clinics nationwide, children reduced their %BMIp95 every season, but reductions were significantly smaller during the summer quarter. While PWM successfully mitigated excess weight gain during every period, summer remains a high-priority time.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in pediatric weight management (PWM) programs. To test for seasonal variability in weight change among youth with obesity in PWM care enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). Across 31 clinics nationwide, children reduced their %BMIp95 every season, but reductions were significantly smaller during the summer quarter. While PWM successfully mitigated excess weight gain during every period, summer remains a high-priority time. |
Eaves, Emery R; Doerry, Eck; Lanzetta, Shana A; Kruithoff, Kathryn M; Negron, Kayla; Dykman, Kaitlyn; Thoney, Olivia; Harper, Calvin C Applying user-centered design in the development of a supportive mHealth app for women in substance use recovery Journal Article American Journal of Health Promotion, 37 (1), pp. 56-64, 2023. @article{Eaves2023, title = {Applying user-centered design in the development of a supportive mHealth app for women in substance use recovery}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Eck Doerry and Shana A. Lanzetta and Kathryn M. Kruithoff and Kayla Negron and Kaitlyn Dykman and Olivia Thoney and Calvin C. Harper}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171221113834}, doi = {10.1177/08901171221113834}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-20}, journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {56-64}, abstract = {Women in recovery describe stigma, negative treatment, and limited support as barriers to achieving their health and parenting goals. Mobile health technologies carefully tailored to support the unique needs of recovery communities can provide less burdensome alternatives to in-person services for women transitioning out of substance use treatment. An iterative design process integrated women’s interests into the structure, content, and interaction flow of a mobile health (mHealth) app.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Women in recovery describe stigma, negative treatment, and limited support as barriers to achieving their health and parenting goals. Mobile health technologies carefully tailored to support the unique needs of recovery communities can provide less burdensome alternatives to in-person services for women transitioning out of substance use treatment. An iterative design process integrated women’s interests into the structure, content, and interaction flow of a mobile health (mHealth) app. |
Eddie, Regina S; Karntisching, Laura; Eccleston, Bobby; Schwartz, Anna Addressing Health Inequities through Simulation Training and Education in Rural and Tribal Communities Journal Article International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research, 6 , 2023. @article{Eddie2023, title = {Addressing Health Inequities through Simulation Training and Education in Rural and Tribal Communities}, author = {Regina S Eddie and Laura Karntisching and Bobby Eccleston and Anna Schwartz}, url = {https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-9501.101388}, doi = {10.29011/2688-9501.101388}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-16}, journal = {International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research}, volume = {6}, abstract = {The nursing shortage is serious and getting worse in medically underserved areas. Nursing education needs to include faculty education in simulation-based education that focuses on public health and cultural education. New nurse graduates are inadequately prepared and need additional training to provide culturally appropriate care to varied and rural populations. Method: This project used simulation-based education and rural clinical placements to enhance the training and education needs of faculty, students and community partners to better address the health care needs of people living in rural and medically underserved areas of the Navajo Nation and northern Arizona. Results: The project increased knowledge and interest among faculty and community partners on simulation-based education as well as positive student learning experiences. Conclusion: Public health and culture can be integrated into simulation-based education. Partnerships with tribal communities can play a valuable role in nursing education.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The nursing shortage is serious and getting worse in medically underserved areas. Nursing education needs to include faculty education in simulation-based education that focuses on public health and cultural education. New nurse graduates are inadequately prepared and need additional training to provide culturally appropriate care to varied and rural populations. Method: This project used simulation-based education and rural clinical placements to enhance the training and education needs of faculty, students and community partners to better address the health care needs of people living in rural and medically underserved areas of the Navajo Nation and northern Arizona. Results: The project increased knowledge and interest among faculty and community partners on simulation-based education as well as positive student learning experiences. Conclusion: Public health and culture can be integrated into simulation-based education. Partnerships with tribal communities can play a valuable role in nursing education. |
2022 |
Sears, Grant; Tutt, Marissa; Sabo, Samantha; Lee, Naomi; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Baca, Anthony; Bennett, Marianne; Nashio, Neva J T; Flores, Fernando; Baldwin, Julie Building Trust and Awareness to Increase AZ Native Nation Participation in COVID-19 Vaccines Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (1), pp. 31, 2022. @article{Sears2022, title = {Building Trust and Awareness to Increase AZ Native Nation Participation in COVID-19 Vaccines}, author = {Grant Sears and Marissa Tutt and Samantha Sabo and Naomi Lee and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Anthony Baca and Marianne Bennett and J.T. Neva Nashio and Fernando Flores and Julie Baldwin}, url = { https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010031}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph20010031}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-20}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {31}, abstract = {The goal of this study was to establish effective, culturally appropriate strategies to enhance participation of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in prevention and treatment of COVID-19, including vaccine uptake. Thirteen Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from three Arizona Native nations tailored education materials to each community. CHRs delivered the intervention to over 160 community members and administered a pre-posttest to assess trusted sources of information, knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Based on pre-posttest results, doctors/healthcare providers and CHRs were the most trusted health messengers for COVID-19 information; contacts on social media, the state and federal governments, and mainstream news were among the least trusted. Almost two-thirds of respondents felt the education session was relevant to their community and culture, and more than half reported using the education materials to talk to a family member or friend about getting vaccinated. About 67% trusted the COVID-19 information provided and 74% trusted the CHR providing the information. Culturally and locally relevant COVID-19 vaccine information was welcomed and used by community members to advocate for vaccination. The materials and education provided by CHRs were viewed as helpful and emphasized the trust and influence CHRs have in their communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The goal of this study was to establish effective, culturally appropriate strategies to enhance participation of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in prevention and treatment of COVID-19, including vaccine uptake. Thirteen Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from three Arizona Native nations tailored education materials to each community. CHRs delivered the intervention to over 160 community members and administered a pre-posttest to assess trusted sources of information, knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Based on pre-posttest results, doctors/healthcare providers and CHRs were the most trusted health messengers for COVID-19 information; contacts on social media, the state and federal governments, and mainstream news were among the least trusted. Almost two-thirds of respondents felt the education session was relevant to their community and culture, and more than half reported using the education materials to talk to a family member or friend about getting vaccinated. About 67% trusted the COVID-19 information provided and 74% trusted the CHR providing the information. Culturally and locally relevant COVID-19 vaccine information was welcomed and used by community members to advocate for vaccination. The materials and education provided by CHRs were viewed as helpful and emphasized the trust and influence CHRs have in their communities. |
Henson, Sierra N; Elko, Evan A; Swiderski, Piotr M; Liang, Yong; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Piña, Alejandra; Boyle, Annalee S; Fink, Zane; Facista, Salvatore J; Martinez, Vidal; Rahee, Fatima; Brown, Annabelle; Kelley, Erin J; Nelson, Georgia A; Raspet, Isaiah; Mead, Heather L; Altin, John A; Ladner, Jason T PepSeq: a fully in vitro platform for highly multiplexed serology using customizable DNA-barcoded peptide libraries Journal Article Nature Protocols, 18 , pp. 396–423, 2022. @article{Henson2022, title = {PepSeq: a fully in vitro platform for highly multiplexed serology using customizable DNA-barcoded peptide libraries}, author = {Sierra N. Henson and Evan A. Elko and Piotr M. Swiderski and Yong Liang and Anna L. Engelbrektson and Alejandra Piña and Annalee S. Boyle and Zane Fink and Salvatore J. Facista and Vidal Martinez and Fatima Rahee and Annabelle Brown and Erin J. Kelley and Georgia A. Nelson and Isaiah Raspet and Heather L. Mead and John A. Altin and Jason T. Ladner}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-022-00766-8}, doi = {10.1038/s41596-022-00766-8}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-11-16}, journal = {Nature Protocols}, volume = {18}, pages = {396–423}, abstract = {PepSeq is an in vitro platform for building and conducting highly multiplexed proteomic assays against customizable targets by using DNA-barcoded peptides. Starting with a pool of DNA oligonucleotides encoding peptides of interest, this protocol outlines a fully in vitro and massively parallel procedure for synthesizing the encoded peptides and covalently linking each to a corresponding cDNA tag. The resulting libraries of peptide/DNA conjugates can be used for highly multiplexed assays that leverage high-throughput sequencing to profile the binding or enzymatic specificities of proteins of interest. Here, we describe the implementation of PepSeq for fast and cost-effective epitope-level analysis of antibody reactivity across hundreds of thousands of peptides from <1 µl of serum or plasma input. This protocol includes the design of the DNA oligonucleotide library, synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide constructs, binding of constructs to sample, preparation for sequencing and data analysis. Implemented in this way, PepSeq can be used for a number of applications, including fine-scale mapping of antibody epitopes and determining a subject’s pathogen exposure history. The protocol is divided into two main sections: (i) design and synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide libraries and (ii) use of libraries for highly multiplexed serology. Once oligonucleotide templates are in hand, library synthesis takes 1–2 weeks and can provide enough material for hundreds to thousands of assays. Serological assays can be conducted in 96-well plates and generate sequencing data within a further ~4 d. A suite of software tools, including the PepSIRF package, are made available to facilitate the design of PepSeq libraries and analysis of assay data.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PepSeq is an in vitro platform for building and conducting highly multiplexed proteomic assays against customizable targets by using DNA-barcoded peptides. Starting with a pool of DNA oligonucleotides encoding peptides of interest, this protocol outlines a fully in vitro and massively parallel procedure for synthesizing the encoded peptides and covalently linking each to a corresponding cDNA tag. The resulting libraries of peptide/DNA conjugates can be used for highly multiplexed assays that leverage high-throughput sequencing to profile the binding or enzymatic specificities of proteins of interest. Here, we describe the implementation of PepSeq for fast and cost-effective epitope-level analysis of antibody reactivity across hundreds of thousands of peptides from <1 µl of serum or plasma input. This protocol includes the design of the DNA oligonucleotide library, synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide constructs, binding of constructs to sample, preparation for sequencing and data analysis. Implemented in this way, PepSeq can be used for a number of applications, including fine-scale mapping of antibody epitopes and determining a subject’s pathogen exposure history. The protocol is divided into two main sections: (i) design and synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide libraries and (ii) use of libraries for highly multiplexed serology. Once oligonucleotide templates are in hand, library synthesis takes 1–2 weeks and can provide enough material for hundreds to thousands of assays. Serological assays can be conducted in 96-well plates and generate sequencing data within a further ~4 d. A suite of software tools, including the PepSIRF package, are made available to facilitate the design of PepSeq libraries and analysis of assay data. |
Braun, KL; Harjo, LD; Burhansstipanov, L; Kawakami, KL; Palakiko, DM; McElfish, PA; Cruz, MR Dela; Antonio, MC; Sanderson, PR; Bauer, MC; Teufel-Shone, NI Addressing Racism in Indigenous Health Journal Article Forthcoming Forthcoming. @article{Braun2022, title = {Addressing Racism in Indigenous Health}, author = {KL Braun and LD Harjo and L Burhansstipanov and KL Kawakami and DM Palakiko and PA McElfish and MR Dela Cruz and MC Antonio and PR Sanderson and MC Bauer and NI Teufel-Shone}, editor = {L Burhansstipanov and KL Braun}, url = {https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813195841/indigenous-public-health/}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-09}, booktitle = {Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions}, publisher = {University Press of Kentucky}, abstract = {Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions illustrates how successful community engagement strategies, programs, and resources within indigenous communities have resulted in diverse, successful public health programs, and helped community members overcome barriers to health. Editors Linda Burhansstipanov and Kathryn L. Braun explore the problems that impact engagement efforts, discuss public health topics, acknowledge and honor the strengths of different communities, and emphasize that collaboration and the sharing of resources can only improve the lives involved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions illustrates how successful community engagement strategies, programs, and resources within indigenous communities have resulted in diverse, successful public health programs, and helped community members overcome barriers to health. Editors Linda Burhansstipanov and Kathryn L. Braun explore the problems that impact engagement efforts, discuss public health topics, acknowledge and honor the strengths of different communities, and emphasize that collaboration and the sharing of resources can only improve the lives involved. |
Cluff, Emily; Magdaleno, Carina C; Fernandez, Emyly; House, Trenton; Swaminathan, Srividya; Varadaraj, Archana; Rajasekaran, Narendiran Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022. @article{Cluff2022c, title = {Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression is induced by IL-2 via the PI3K/mTOR pathway in hypoxic NK cells and supports effector functions in NKL cells and ex vivo expanded NK cells}, author = {Emily Cluff and Carina C. Magdaleno and Emyly Fernandez and Trenton House and Srividya Swaminathan and Archana Varadaraj and Narendiran Rajasekaran}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, doi = {10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-01}, journal = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy}, abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. |
Eaves, Emery R; II, Robert Trotter T; Marquez, Bonnie; Negron, Kayla; Doerry, Eck; Mensah, David; Compton-Gore, Kate A; Lanzetta, Shana A; Kruithoff, Kathryn; Dykman, Kaitlyn; Baldwin, Julie A Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs Journal Article Front. Sociol, 7 , 2022. @article{Eaves2022, title = {Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Robert T. Trotter II and Bonnie Marquez and Kayla Negron and Eck Doerry and David Mensah and Kate A. Compton-Gore and Shana A. Lanzetta and Kathryn Kruithoff and Kaitlyn Dykman and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-22}, journal = {Front. Sociol}, volume = {7}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders. |
Mommaerts, Katherine; Lopez, Nanette V; Camplain, Carolyn; Keene, Chesleigh; Hale, Ashley Marie; Camplain, Ricky Nutrition Availability for Those Incarcerated in Jail: Implications for Mental Health Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2022. @article{Mommaerts2022, title = {Nutrition Availability for Those Incarcerated in Jail: Implications for Mental Health}, author = {Katherine Mommaerts and Nanette V. Lopez and Carolyn Camplain and Chesleigh Keene and Ashley Marie Hale and Ricky Camplain }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-02-2022-0009}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-04}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines. Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations. However, Vitamin D (for men and women), magnesium (for men only) and omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations. As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines. Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations. However, Vitamin D (for men and women), magnesium (for men only) and omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations. As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health. |
Pollitt, Amanda M; Blair, Karen L; Lannutti, Pamela J A review of two decades of LGBTQ-inclusive research in JSPR and PR Journal Article Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research, 30 (1), pp. 144-173, 2022. @article{Pollitt2022, title = {A review of two decades of LGBTQ-inclusive research in JSPR and PR}, author = {Amanda M. Pollitt and Karen L. Blair and Pamela J. Lannutti}, url = { https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12432}, doi = {10.1111/pere.12432}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-15}, journal = {Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {144-173}, abstract = {The field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) relationship science has grown significantly over the past two decades, coinciding with rapid changes in the social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people. However, it is unclear to what extent the top two journals in relationship science, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Personal Relationships, have contributed to the field. In this critical review, we analyzed the 2181 manuscripts published in the journals between 2002 and 2021 for whether they included or excluded LGBTQ+ participants, the methodologies used to analyze their data, and their conclusions about LGBTQ+ lives and relationships. The overwhelming majority (85.8%) of manuscripts did not acknowledge LGBTQ+ relationships; however, there have been improvements compared to past research in retaining LGBTQ+ participants within a data set when they were present. We identified 92 manuscripts that contributed to knowledge about LGBTQ+ lives or relationships. We discuss the lack of intersectional analyses and methodological challenges of incorporating multiple forms of diversity within quantitative research. Overarching themes across manuscript content included minority stress, relationship formation, social support, and commitment. Overall, though the research in the two journals has contributed to the literature on LGBTQ+ relationships, our review suggests that scholars do not consider these two journals as a first choice for finding or publishing LGBTQ+ relationship science.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) relationship science has grown significantly over the past two decades, coinciding with rapid changes in the social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people. However, it is unclear to what extent the top two journals in relationship science, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Personal Relationships, have contributed to the field. In this critical review, we analyzed the 2181 manuscripts published in the journals between 2002 and 2021 for whether they included or excluded LGBTQ+ participants, the methodologies used to analyze their data, and their conclusions about LGBTQ+ lives and relationships. The overwhelming majority (85.8%) of manuscripts did not acknowledge LGBTQ+ relationships; however, there have been improvements compared to past research in retaining LGBTQ+ participants within a data set when they were present. We identified 92 manuscripts that contributed to knowledge about LGBTQ+ lives or relationships. We discuss the lack of intersectional analyses and methodological challenges of incorporating multiple forms of diversity within quantitative research. Overarching themes across manuscript content included minority stress, relationship formation, social support, and commitment. Overall, though the research in the two journals has contributed to the literature on LGBTQ+ relationships, our review suggests that scholars do not consider these two journals as a first choice for finding or publishing LGBTQ+ relationship science. |
Pinn, Travis; Williamson, Heather; Robinson, Bethany; Shuman, Sara; Evans, Maria; Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky Everything has changed”: detention officer roles and recreation time changes due to COVID-19 policies at a Southwest County Jail Journal Article Health Justice, 10 (18), 2022. @article{Pinn2022, title = {Everything has changed”: detention officer roles and recreation time changes due to COVID-19 policies at a Southwest County Jail}, author = {Travis Pinn and Heather Williamson and Bethany Robinson and Sara Shuman and Maria Evans and George Pro and Ricky Camplain }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-022-00181-x}, doi = {10.1186/s40352-022-00181-x}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-04}, journal = {Health Justice}, volume = {10}, number = {18}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic responses in jails have forced detention officers to adjust how they approach the confinement and care of individuals while they are incarcerated. One aspect of incarceration affected was detention officers’ roles. The aims of this research project were to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general duties of detention officers at a Southwest County Jail. Detention officers were recruited via email to participate in an online questionnaire from October to December 2020. Participants answered Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their job duties. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic responses in jails have forced detention officers to adjust how they approach the confinement and care of individuals while they are incarcerated. One aspect of incarceration affected was detention officers’ roles. The aims of this research project were to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general duties of detention officers at a Southwest County Jail. Detention officers were recruited via email to participate in an online questionnaire from October to December 2020. Participants answered Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their job duties. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses. |
Jiménez, Dulce J; Sabo, Samantha; Remiker, Mark; Smith, Melinda; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron E; Williamson, Heather J; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural northern Arizona: County-level Leaders' Perspectives on Health Equity Journal Article BMC Public Health, 22 (1), pp. 960, 2022. @article{Jiménez2022, title = {A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural northern Arizona: County-level Leaders' Perspectives on Health Equity}, author = {Dulce J. Jiménez and Samantha Sabo and Mark Remiker and Melinda Smith and Alexandra E. Samarron Longorio and Heather J. Williamson and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13279-6}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-13279-6}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-13}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {960}, abstract = {Multisectoral and public–private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. A focus on health equity by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers prioritizes action to address the systematic, avoidable, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations that are beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, and grow. This paper explores multisectoral leaders’ understanding of the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity in northern Arizona, a geographically expansive, largely rural, and culturally diverse region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Multisectoral and public–private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. A focus on health equity by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers prioritizes action to address the systematic, avoidable, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations that are beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, and grow. This paper explores multisectoral leaders’ understanding of the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity in northern Arizona, a geographically expansive, largely rural, and culturally diverse region. |
Joseph, Naveen; Propper, Catherine R; Goebel, Madeline; Henry, Shantel; Roy, Indrakshi; Kolok, Alan S Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West Journal Article Geohealth, 6 (5), 2022. @article{Joseph2022b, title = {Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West}, author = {Naveen Joseph and Catherine R. Propper and Madeline Goebel and Shantel Henry and Indrakshi Roy and Alan S. Kolok}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000544}, doi = {10.1029/2021GH000544}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-01}, journal = {Geohealth}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales. |
Bosch, Pamela R; Karmarkar, Amol M; Roy, Indrakshi; Fehnel, Corey R; Burke, Robert E; Kumar, Amit Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity Journal Article JAMA Netw Open, 5 (3), 2022. @article{Bosch2022, title = {Association of Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility and Race and Ethnicity With Ischemic Stroke Severity}, author = {Pamela R. Bosch and Amol M. Karmarkar and Indrakshi Roy and Corey R. Fehnel and Robert E. Burke and Amit Kumar}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790579}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4596}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-31}, journal = {JAMA Netw Open}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, abstract = {Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Black and Hispanic US residents are disproportionately affected by stroke incidence, and patients with dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid may be predisposed to more severe strokes. Little is known about differences in stroke severity for individuals with dual eligibility, Black individuals, and Hispanic individuals, but understanding hospital admission stroke severity is the first important step for focusing strategies to reduce disparities in stroke care and outcomes. Objective To examine whether dual eligibility and race and ethnicity are associated with stroke severity in Medicare beneficiaries admitted to acute hospitals with ischemic stroke. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Evie Y; Remiker, Mark; Hustead, Morgan Lee-Regalado; Bacon, Rachel; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Dorothy Dunn &Julie J Aging & Mental Health, 2022. @article{McCarthy2022, title = {Diverse rural caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias: analysis of health factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community level}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Y. Evie Garcia and Mark Remiker and Morgan Lee-Regalado Hustead and Rachel Bacon and Heather J. Williamson and Dorothy J. Dunn &Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-31}, journal = {Aging & Mental Health}, abstract = {Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Warren, Meghan; Shaibi, Stefany D; Fabricant, Maximilian; Falvey, Jason R; Vashist, Amit; Karmarkar, Amol M Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery Journal Article Physical Therapy, 2022. @article{Kumar2022, title = {Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Meghan Warren and Stefany D Shaibi and Maximilian Fabricant and Jason R Falvey and Amit Vashist and Amol M Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, doi = {10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-13}, journal = {Physical Therapy}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models. |
Harris, Robin B; Brown, Heidi E; Begay, Rachelle L; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Chief, Carmenlita; Monroy, Fernando P; Oren, Eyal Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (2), pp. 797, 2022. @article{Harris2022, title = {Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona}, author = {Robin B. Harris and Heidi E. Brown and Rachelle L. Begay and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Carmenlita Chief and Fernando P. Monroy and Eyal Oren}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/797}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020797}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-12}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {797}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment. |
2021 |
Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Jiménez, Dulce; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron; Chief, Carmenlita; Williamson, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study Journal Article JMIR Formative Research, 5 (5), 2021. @article{Remiker2021, title = {Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study}, author = {Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Dulce Jiménez and Alexandra Samarron Longorio and Carmenlita Chief and Heather Williamson and Nicolette Teufel-Shone }, url = {https://formative.jmir.org/2021/5/e25577}, doi = {10.2196/25577}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-05}, journal = {JMIR Formative Research}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts. |
Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T; Remiker, Mark; Buck, Loren C; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank A A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned Journal Article Muse, 15 (4), pp. 533-540, 2021. @article{Baldwin2021, title = {A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned}, author = {Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II and Mark Remiker and C. Loren Buck and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank A. von Hippel}, url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/842128}, doi = {10.1353/cpr.2021.0043}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-01}, journal = {Muse}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {533-540}, abstract = {Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes. |
Kuss, Bonnie; Lopez, Nanette V; Hardy, Shakia T; Spilkin, Ary; Brauer, Julianne; Phillips, Rachelle; Delio, Gabrielle; Camplain, Ricky Sodium content of menu and commissary provisions in rural jail exceeds heart-healthy dietary recommendations Journal Article Int J Prison Health, 2021, ISBN: 1744-9200. @article{Kuss2021, title = {Sodium content of menu and commissary provisions in rural jail exceeds heart-healthy dietary recommendations}, author = {Bonnie Kuss and Nanette V Lopez and Shakia T Hardy and Ary Spilkin and Julianne Brauer and Rachelle Phillips and Gabrielle Delio and Ricky Camplain}, url = {https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0087/full/html}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0087}, isbn = {1744-9200}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-25}, journal = {Int J Prison Health}, abstract = {This paper determined sodium provisions from a seven-day cycle menu and commissary at a rural Southwest County jail and compared it to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) recommendations for sodium.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper determined sodium provisions from a seven-day cycle menu and commissary at a rural Southwest County jail and compared it to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) recommendations for sodium. |
Lee, Michele S; Peart, Jillian R; Armin, Julie S; Williamson, Heather J Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 14 (3), pp. 2, 2021, ISSN: 2166-5222. @article{Lee2021, title = {A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Pap Testing in Women with Disabilities and Serious Mental Illnesses: Thirty Years After the Americans with Disabilities Act}, author = {Michele S. Lee and Jillian R. Peart and Julie S. Armin and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol14/iss3/2}, issn = {2166-5222}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-15}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed, promising equal access to health services for people with disabilities and serious mental illness, research on Pap testing continues to uncover health disparities among women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses, including those that identify as an ethnic/racial minority.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed, promising equal access to health services for people with disabilities and serious mental illness, research on Pap testing continues to uncover health disparities among women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses, including those that identify as an ethnic/racial minority. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Bosch, Pamela; Fehnel, Corey; Garnica, Nicholas; Cook, Jon; Warren, Meghan; Karmarkar, Amol Medicare Claim–Based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict 30-Day Mortality and Hospital Readmission Journal Article Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2021. @article{Kumar2021, title = {Medicare Claim–Based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict 30-Day Mortality and Hospital Readmission}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Pamela Bosch and Corey Fehnel and Nicholas Garnica and Jon Cook and Meghan Warren and Amol Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07162-0}, doi = {10.1007/s11606-021-07162-0}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-26}, journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine}, abstract = {The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) penalizes hospitals for higher than expected 30-day mortality rates using methods without accounting for condition severity risk adjustment. For patients with stroke, CMS claims did not quantify stroke severity until recently, when the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) reporting began. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) penalizes hospitals for higher than expected 30-day mortality rates using methods without accounting for condition severity risk adjustment. For patients with stroke, CMS claims did not quantify stroke severity until recently, when the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) reporting began. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. |
Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Fashaw-Walters, Shekinah; Baldwin, Julie A Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Journal Article Journal of Aging and Health, 2021. @article{Rivera-Hernandez2021, title = {Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Shekinah Fashaw-Walters and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211043319}, doi = {10.1177/08982643211043319}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-11}, journal = {Journal of Aging and Health}, abstract = {This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic. |
Pollitt, Amanda M; Roberts, Tangela S Internalized Binegativity, LGBQ + Community Involvement, and Definitions of Bisexuality Journal Article Journal of Bisexuality, 21 (3), pp. 357-379, 2021. @article{Pollitt2021, title = {Internalized Binegativity, LGBQ + Community Involvement, and Definitions of Bisexuality}, author = {Amanda M. Pollitt and Tangela S. Roberts}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1984363}, doi = {10.1080/15299716.2021.1984363}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-06}, journal = {Journal of Bisexuality}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {357-379}, abstract = {Bisexual people can internalize stigma from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian communities, which often occurs in the form of monosexism, the belief that people should only be attracted to one gender. Although community involvement is protective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer+ (LGBQ+) people, bisexual people may benefit more from bisexual-specific communities than LGBQ + communities because of monosexism. Further, how bisexual people define their identity may be related to internalized binegativity, especially given the historical invisibility of bisexuality in mainstream media and recent debates about the definition of bisexuality within LGBQ + communities. We examined LGBQ + and bisexual-specific community involvement, definitions of bisexuality, and internalized binegativity among an online sample of 816 bisexual adults. Multivariate regression analyses showed that those with spectrum definitions, which acknowledged a nuanced understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality, reported lower internalized binegativity than those with binary definitions, which described sexuality as consistent with mainstream norms. Involvement in LGBQ + communities, but not bisexual communities, was associated with lower internalized binegativity. There was no interaction between type of definition and type of community involvement. Our results suggest that broad community involvement may be protective for internalized binegativity, but findings should be considered in light of a lack of well-funded, local bisexual communities. The current study adds to a growing literature on sexual minority stressors among bisexual people, a population that continues to be understudied.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bisexual people can internalize stigma from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian communities, which often occurs in the form of monosexism, the belief that people should only be attracted to one gender. Although community involvement is protective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer+ (LGBQ+) people, bisexual people may benefit more from bisexual-specific communities than LGBQ + communities because of monosexism. Further, how bisexual people define their identity may be related to internalized binegativity, especially given the historical invisibility of bisexuality in mainstream media and recent debates about the definition of bisexuality within LGBQ + communities. We examined LGBQ + and bisexual-specific community involvement, definitions of bisexuality, and internalized binegativity among an online sample of 816 bisexual adults. Multivariate regression analyses showed that those with spectrum definitions, which acknowledged a nuanced understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality, reported lower internalized binegativity than those with binary definitions, which described sexuality as consistent with mainstream norms. Involvement in LGBQ + communities, but not bisexual communities, was associated with lower internalized binegativity. There was no interaction between type of definition and type of community involvement. Our results suggest that broad community involvement may be protective for internalized binegativity, but findings should be considered in light of a lack of well-funded, local bisexual communities. The current study adds to a growing literature on sexual minority stressors among bisexual people, a population that continues to be understudied. |
George, Carmen; Bancroft, Carolyn; Salt, Shine; Curley, Caleigh; Curley, Cameron; Eddie, Regina; Edison, Tierra; de Heer, Hendrik; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Yazzie, Del; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Shin, Sonya Successful implementation of the Healthy Diné Nation Act in stores on the Navajo Nation Journal Article Preventive Medicine Reports, 24 , 2021. @article{George2021, title = {Successful implementation of the Healthy Diné Nation Act in stores on the Navajo Nation}, author = {Carmen George and Carolyn Bancroft and Shine Salt and Caleigh Curley and Cameron Curley and Regina Eddie and Tierra Edison and Hendrik de Heer and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Del Yazzie and Ramona Antone-Nez and Sonya Shin}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335521002631?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101573}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-30}, journal = {Preventive Medicine Reports}, volume = {24}, abstract = {In 2014, the Navajo Nation Council passed the Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA), a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages and a waiver of the 5% sales tax on healthy foods and water, to support health promotion and disease prevention among the Navajo people. Very little research has assessed implementation accuracy of food or beverage taxes and none were implemented within a sovereign Tribal nation. This study assessed the accuracy of HDNA tax implementation among 47 stores located on the Navajo Nation. A pair of tax-exempt items [e.g. a bottle of water and fresh fruit] and a pair of HDNA-tax eligible items [e.g. sugary beverage and candy bar] were purchased between July-December 2019. Receipts were retained to assess taxation. A total of 87.2% of stores accurately implemented the 2% tax on unhealthy items while 55.3% of the stores accurately implemented the 6% tax waiver on healthy items. In all, 51.1% of the stores accurately applied both taxes. There were no significant differences across store type (convenience or grocery stores and trading posts) or geographic region. In conclusion, almost all stores on the Navajo Nation accurately applied a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages, while the proportion of stores applying a waiver on healthy foods was lower. Successful HDNA tax implementation among stores remains an important priority in achieving the goal to support health promotion and disease prevention among Navajo communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2014, the Navajo Nation Council passed the Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA), a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages and a waiver of the 5% sales tax on healthy foods and water, to support health promotion and disease prevention among the Navajo people. Very little research has assessed implementation accuracy of food or beverage taxes and none were implemented within a sovereign Tribal nation. This study assessed the accuracy of HDNA tax implementation among 47 stores located on the Navajo Nation. A pair of tax-exempt items [e.g. a bottle of water and fresh fruit] and a pair of HDNA-tax eligible items [e.g. sugary beverage and candy bar] were purchased between July-December 2019. Receipts were retained to assess taxation. A total of 87.2% of stores accurately implemented the 2% tax on unhealthy items while 55.3% of the stores accurately implemented the 6% tax waiver on healthy items. In all, 51.1% of the stores accurately applied both taxes. There were no significant differences across store type (convenience or grocery stores and trading posts) or geographic region. In conclusion, almost all stores on the Navajo Nation accurately applied a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages, while the proportion of stores applying a waiver on healthy foods was lower. Successful HDNA tax implementation among stores remains an important priority in achieving the goal to support health promotion and disease prevention among Navajo communities. |
Bordeaux, Skyler J; Baca, Anthony W; Begay, Rene L; Gachupin, Francine C; Caporaso, Gregory J; Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M; Lee, Naomi R Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review Journal Article Current Oncology, 28 (5), pp. 3705-3716, 2021. @article{Bordeaux2021, title = {Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review}, author = {Skyler J Bordeaux and Anthony W Baca and Rene L Begay and Francine C Gachupin and J Gregory Caporaso and Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz and Naomi R Lee}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/28/5/316}, doi = {10.3390/curroncol28050316}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-24}, journal = {Current Oncology}, volume = {28}, number = {5}, pages = {3705-3716}, abstract = {Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Therefore, as we consider current and future cancer vaccines, there are certain considerations to be mindful of to increase uptake among Native Americans such as the incidence of disease, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, and historical exclusion in clinical trials. This paper primarily focuses on human papillomavirus (HPV) and potential vaccines for Native Americans. However, we also aim to inform researchers on factors that influence Native American choices surrounding vaccination and interventions including cancer therapies. We begin by providing an overview of the historical distrust and trauma Native Americans experience, both past and present. In addition, we offer guidance and considerations when engaging with sovereign Tribal Nations in vaccine development and clinical trials in order to increase trust and encourage vaccine uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Therefore, as we consider current and future cancer vaccines, there are certain considerations to be mindful of to increase uptake among Native Americans such as the incidence of disease, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, and historical exclusion in clinical trials. This paper primarily focuses on human papillomavirus (HPV) and potential vaccines for Native Americans. However, we also aim to inform researchers on factors that influence Native American choices surrounding vaccination and interventions including cancer therapies. We begin by providing an overview of the historical distrust and trauma Native Americans experience, both past and present. In addition, we offer guidance and considerations when engaging with sovereign Tribal Nations in vaccine development and clinical trials in order to increase trust and encourage vaccine uptake. |
Pearson, Talima; Hepp, Crystal; II, Robert Trotter T; Mbegbu, Mimi; Russakoff, Benjamin; Yagüe, David Panisello; Wood, Colin; Tucker-Morgan, Kara; Ceniceros, Kathya; Padilla, Cristina; Kyman, Shari; Villa, Francisco Genome Sequences of Community Carriage Strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Yuma, Arizona Journal Article Microbiology Resource Announcements, 10 (37), 2021. @article{Pearson2021, title = {Genome Sequences of Community Carriage Strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Yuma, Arizona}, author = {Talima Pearson and Crystal Hepp and Robert T Trotter II and Mimi Mbegbu and Benjamin Russakoff and David Panisello Yagüe and Colin Wood and Kara Tucker-Morgan and Kathya Ceniceros and Cristina Padilla and Shari Kyman and Francisco Villa}, url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MRA.00449-21}, doi = {10.1128/MRA.00449-21}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-16}, journal = {Microbiology Resource Announcements}, volume = {10}, number = {37}, abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus exists as a pathogen and commensal. Individuals with asymptomatic carriage serve as a reservoir for transmission and are at increased risk of infecting themselves. In order to characterize the genomic diversity of S. aureus circulating in the community, we sequenced 166 genomes collected from individuals in Yuma, AZ.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Staphylococcus aureus exists as a pathogen and commensal. Individuals with asymptomatic carriage serve as a reservoir for transmission and are at increased risk of infecting themselves. In order to characterize the genomic diversity of S. aureus circulating in the community, we sequenced 166 genomes collected from individuals in Yuma, AZ. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Wayment, Heidi A; Lopez, Nanette; Lorts, Cori; Schwartz, Anna L; Pugliesi, Karen; Pohl, Patricia S; Bycura, Dierdra; Camplain, Ricky Women, 1 (3), pp. 143-168, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021b, title = {The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Heidi A. Wayment and Nanette Lopez and Cori Lorts and Anna L. Schwartz and Karen Pugliesi and Patricia S. Pohl and Dierdra Bycura and Ricky Camplain}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/women1030014}, doi = {10.3390/women1030014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-14}, journal = {Women}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {143-168}, abstract = {As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Chief, Carmenlita; Richards, Jennifer R; Clausen, Rebecca J; Yazzie, Alfred; Jr, Manley Begay A; Lothrop, Nathan; Yazzie, Janene; Begay, Andria B; Beamer, Paloma I; Chief, Karletta International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), pp. 9402, 2021. @article{Teufel-Shone2021, title = {Development of a Culturally Anchored Qualitative Approach to Conduct and Analyze Focus Group Narratives Collected in Diné (Navajo) Communities to Understand the Impacts of the Gold King Mine Spill of 2015}, author = {Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Carmenlita Chief and Jennifer R Richards and Rebecca J Clausen and Alfred Yazzie and Manley A Begay Jr and Nathan Lothrop and Janene Yazzie and Andria B Begay and Paloma I Beamer and Karletta Chief}, url = { https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179402}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179402}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-06}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {17}, pages = {9402}, abstract = {The Gold King Mine Spill (Spill) occurred in August 2015 upstream from Silverton, Colorado and released three million gallons of contaminated water into the Animas River, a tributary to the San Juan River that flows across the Navajo Nation. Using principles of community-engaged research, the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project co-developed a culturally anchored approach to conduct focus groups and analyze narratives collected in three Diné (Navajo) communities along the San Juan River within 9 months of the Spill. Focus group questions were designed to document the socio-cultural impacts of the Spill. This paper: (1) outlines the partnerships and approvals; (2) describes focus group design, training, data collection and analysis; and (3) reflects on the use of a culturally anchored approach in Indigenous, specifically Diné-centered research. Diné social and cultural etiquette and concepts of relationality were used to adapt standard (non-Indigenous) qualitative methods. Findings describe community perceptions of short-term impacts of the disaster, as well as past and present injustices, communication related to the Spill, and concerns of persistent threats to Diné lifeways. The culturally anchored approach was critical in fostering trust with Diné participants and aligned with the candor of the discussions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Gold King Mine Spill (Spill) occurred in August 2015 upstream from Silverton, Colorado and released three million gallons of contaminated water into the Animas River, a tributary to the San Juan River that flows across the Navajo Nation. Using principles of community-engaged research, the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project co-developed a culturally anchored approach to conduct focus groups and analyze narratives collected in three Diné (Navajo) communities along the San Juan River within 9 months of the Spill. Focus group questions were designed to document the socio-cultural impacts of the Spill. This paper: (1) outlines the partnerships and approvals; (2) describes focus group design, training, data collection and analysis; and (3) reflects on the use of a culturally anchored approach in Indigenous, specifically Diné-centered research. Diné social and cultural etiquette and concepts of relationality were used to adapt standard (non-Indigenous) qualitative methods. Findings describe community perceptions of short-term impacts of the disaster, as well as past and present injustices, communication related to the Spill, and concerns of persistent threats to Diné lifeways. The culturally anchored approach was critical in fostering trust with Diné participants and aligned with the candor of the discussions. |
George, Carmen; Bancroft, Carolyn; Salt, Shine Krystal; Curley, Cameron S; Curley, Caleigh; Heer, Hendrik Dirk De; Yazzie, Del; Eddie, Regina; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Shin, Sonya Sunhi Changes in food pricing and availability on the Navajo Nation following a 2% tax on unhealthy foods: The Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014 Journal Article PLoS One, 2 (16), pp. 9, 2021. @article{George2021b, title = {Changes in food pricing and availability on the Navajo Nation following a 2% tax on unhealthy foods: The Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014}, author = {Carmen George and Carolyn Bancroft and Shine Krystal Salt and Cameron S. Curley and Caleigh Curley and Hendrik Dirk De Heer and Del Yazzie and Regina Eddie and Ramona Antone-Nez and Sonya Sunhi Shin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256683}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256683}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-02}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {2}, number = {16}, pages = {9}, abstract = {In 2014, the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) was passed, combining a 2% tax on foods of ‘minimal-to-no-nutritional value’ and waiver of 5% sales tax on healthy foods, the first-ever such tax in the U.S. and globally among a sovereign tribal nation. The aim of this study was to measure changes in pricing and food availability in stores on the Navajo Nation following the implementation of the HDNA.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2014, the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) was passed, combining a 2% tax on foods of ‘minimal-to-no-nutritional value’ and waiver of 5% sales tax on healthy foods, the first-ever such tax in the U.S. and globally among a sovereign tribal nation. The aim of this study was to measure changes in pricing and food availability in stores on the Navajo Nation following the implementation of the HDNA. |
Hardy, Lisa J; Mana, Adi; Mundell, Leah; Neuman, Moran; Benheim, Sharón; Otenyo, Eric Who is to blame for COVID-19? Examining politicized fear and health behavior through a mixed methods study in the United States Journal Article PLoS ONE, 16 (9), 2021. @article{Hardy2021b, title = {Who is to blame for COVID-19? Examining politicized fear and health behavior through a mixed methods study in the United States}, author = {Lisa J. Hardy and Adi Mana and Leah Mundell and Moran Neuman and Sharón Benheim and Eric Otenyo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256136}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256136}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-01}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {9}, abstract = {Political ideologies drove public actions and health behaviors in the first year of the global pandemic. Different ideas about contagion, health behaviors, and the actions of governing bodies impacted the spread of the virus and health and life. Researchers used an immediate, mixed methods design to explore sociocultural responses to the virus and identified differences and similarities in anxiety, fear, blame, and perceptions of nation across political divides.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Political ideologies drove public actions and health behaviors in the first year of the global pandemic. Different ideas about contagion, health behaviors, and the actions of governing bodies impacted the spread of the virus and health and life. Researchers used an immediate, mixed methods design to explore sociocultural responses to the virus and identified differences and similarities in anxiety, fear, blame, and perceptions of nation across political divides. |
Credo, Jonathan; Ingram, Jani C Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), pp. 9089, 2021. @article{Credo2021, title = {Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities}, author = {Jonathan Credo and Jani C Ingram}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34501677/}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179089}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-28}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {17}, pages = {9089}, abstract = {In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established. |
Lindly, Olivia J; Cabral, Jacqueline; Mohammed, Ruqayah; Garber, Ivonne; Mistry, Kamila B; Kuhlthau, Karen A J Autism Dev Disorder, 2021. @article{Lindly2021, title = {"I Don't Do Much Without Researching Things Myself": A Mixed Methods Study Exploring the Role of Parent Health Literacy in Autism Services Use for Young Children}, author = {Olivia J Lindly and Jacqueline Cabral and Ruqayah Mohammed and Ivonne Garber and Kamila B Mistry and Karen A Kuhlthau}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34435270/}, doi = {10.1007/s10803-021-05240-0}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-25}, journal = {J Autism Dev Disorder}, abstract = {Little is known about how parent health literacy contributes to health-related outcomes for children with autism. This mixed-methods study included 82 U.S. parents of a child with autism 2-5 years-old and sought to describe (1) health literacy dimensions, (2) how health literacy influences services use, and (3) health literacy improvement strategies. Results showed: autism information was accessed from multiple sources; understanding autism information involved "doing your own research"; autism information empowered decision-making; health literacy facilitated behavioral services use; health literacy influenced medication use; family and system characteristics also affected services use; autism education remains needed; services information is needed across the diagnostic odyssey; and greater scientific information accessibility would increase uptake. Findings demonstrate how parent health literacy affects services use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Little is known about how parent health literacy contributes to health-related outcomes for children with autism. This mixed-methods study included 82 U.S. parents of a child with autism 2-5 years-old and sought to describe (1) health literacy dimensions, (2) how health literacy influences services use, and (3) health literacy improvement strategies. Results showed: autism information was accessed from multiple sources; understanding autism information involved "doing your own research"; autism information empowered decision-making; health literacy facilitated behavioral services use; health literacy influenced medication use; family and system characteristics also affected services use; autism education remains needed; services information is needed across the diagnostic odyssey; and greater scientific information accessibility would increase uptake. Findings demonstrate how parent health literacy affects services use. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Wayment, Heidi A; Schwartz, Anna L; Lane, Taylor S; Baldwin, Julie A Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines Journal Article Medical Education Online, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021c, title = {Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines}, author = {Lynda B Ransdell and Heidi A Wayment and Anna L Schwartz and Taylor S Lane and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10872981.2021.1964933}, doi = {10.1080/10872981.2021.1964933}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-24}, journal = {Medical Education Online}, abstract = {Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines. We utilized recent literature reviews, and experience developing researchers at an emerging research institution within the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI) program, to propose a precision mentoring (PM) framework for research development. Although we cannot precisely determine how much improvement was due to the PM framework, over the 4 years of our program, the quality and quantity of pilot project proposals (PPP) has increased, the number of external proposals submitted and funded by PPP investigators has increased, and the number of faculty participating in our program has increased. Surveys distributed to our 2021–22 PPP applicants who did not receive funding (n = 5/6 or 86.7%) revealed that new investigators most frequently sought mentoring related to career guidance (e.g., institutional culture, pre-tenure survival strategies), grant proposal basics (e.g., working with funding agencies, reviewing aims, balancing priorities, and enhancing scientific rigor), and identifying funding opportunities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines. We utilized recent literature reviews, and experience developing researchers at an emerging research institution within the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI) program, to propose a precision mentoring (PM) framework for research development. Although we cannot precisely determine how much improvement was due to the PM framework, over the 4 years of our program, the quality and quantity of pilot project proposals (PPP) has increased, the number of external proposals submitted and funded by PPP investigators has increased, and the number of faculty participating in our program has increased. Surveys distributed to our 2021–22 PPP applicants who did not receive funding (n = 5/6 or 86.7%) revealed that new investigators most frequently sought mentoring related to career guidance (e.g., institutional culture, pre-tenure survival strategies), grant proposal basics (e.g., working with funding agencies, reviewing aims, balancing priorities, and enhancing scientific rigor), and identifying funding opportunities. |
Trotter, Robert; Baldwin, Julie A; Buck, Charles Loren; Remiker, Mark; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank Arthur JMIR Research Protocol, 10 (8), 2021. @article{Trotter2021, title = {Health Impacts of Perchlorate and Pesticide Exposure: Protocol for Community-Engaged Research to Evaluate Environmental Toxicants in a US Border Community}, author = {Robert Trotter and Julie A Baldwin and Charles Loren Buck and Mark Remiker and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank Arthur von Hippel}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34383679/}, doi = {10.2196/15864}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-11}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocol}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, abstract = {The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving "environmental scans" in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving "environmental scans" in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions. |
Schwartz, Anna L; Terry, Christopher M Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (15), 2021. @article{Schwartz2021, title = {Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer}, author = {Anna L. Schwartz and Christopher M. Terry}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158151}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18158151}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {15}, abstract = {Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors. |
Hardy, Lisa J; Mana, Adi; Mundell, Leah; Benheim, Sharón; Morales, Kayla Torres; Sagy, Shifra Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid-19 Journal Article Journal of Community Psychology, 49 (6), pp. 2059-2070, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/jcop.22544. @article{Hardy2021, title = {Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid-19}, author = {Lisa J Hardy and Adi Mana and Leah Mundell and Sharón Benheim and Kayla Torres Morales and Shifra Sagy}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33729586/}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.22544}, isbn = {10.1002/jcop.22544}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {49}, number = {6}, pages = {2059-2070}, abstract = {International research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in-depth, exploratory, semi-structured interviews with self-defined politically left-leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data. Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in-depth, exploratory, semi-structured interviews with self-defined politically left-leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data. Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times. |
Tippens, Julie A; Hatton-Bowers, Holly; Honomichl, Ryan; Wheeler, Lorey A; Miamidian, Helen M; Bash, Kirstie L; Smith, Michelle Howell C; Nyaoro, Dulo; Byrd, Joshua J; Packard, Samuel E; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya Journal Article American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91 (5), pp. 626–634, 2021. @article{Tippens2021, title = {Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya}, author = {Julie A. Tippens and Holly Hatton-Bowers and Ryan Honomichl and Lorey A. Wheeler and Helen M. Miamidian and Kirstie L. Bash and Michelle C. Howell Smith and Dulo Nyaoro and Joshua J Byrd and Samuel E. Packard and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000564}, doi = {10.1037/ort0000564}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-01}, journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {91}, number = {5}, pages = {626–634}, abstract = {There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lininger, Monica R; Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (13), 2021. @article{Camplain2021, title = {Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137007}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18137007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-30}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {13}, abstract = {We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease. |
Akintobi, Tabia Henry; Sheikhattari, Payam; Shaffer, Emma; Evans, Christina L; Braun, Kathryn L; Sy, Angela U; Mancera, Bibiana; Campa, Adriana; Miller, Stephania T; Sarpong, Daniel; Holliday, Rhonda; Jimenez-Chavez, Julio; Khan, Shafiq; Hinton, Cimona; Sellars-Bates, Kimberly; Ajewole, Veronica; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (12), 2021. @article{Akintobi2021, title = {Community Engagement Practices at Research Centers in U.S. Minority Institutions: Priority Populations and Innovative Approaches to Advancing Health Disparities Research}, author = {Tabia Henry Akintobi and Payam Sheikhattari and Emma Shaffer and Christina L. Evans and Kathryn L. Braun and Angela U. Sy and Bibiana Mancera and Adriana Campa and Stephania T. Miller and Daniel Sarpong and Rhonda Holliday and Julio Jimenez-Chavez and Shafiq Khan and Cimona Hinton and Kimberly Sellars-Bates and Veronica Ajewole and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126675}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18126675}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-21}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {12}, abstract = {This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns. |
Jones, Christopher W; Morales, Crystal G; Eltiste, Sharon L; Yanchik-Slade, Francine E; Lee, Naomi R; Nilsson, Bradley L Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons Journal Article Journal of Peptide Science, 27 , 2021. @article{Jones2021, title = {Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons}, author = {Christopher W. Jones and Crystal G. Morales and Sharon L. Eltiste and Francine E. Yanchik-Slade and Naomi R. Lee and Bradley L. Nilsson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.3334}, doi = {10.1002/psc.3334}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-20}, journal = {Journal of Peptide Science}, volume = {27}, abstract = {Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials. |
Wood, Colin; Sahl, Jason; Maltinsky, Sara; Coyne, Briana; Russakoff, Benjamin; Yagüe, David Panisello; Bowers, Jolene; Pearson, Talima SaQuant: a real-time PCR assay for quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (174), 2021. @article{Wood2021, title = {SaQuant: a real-time PCR assay for quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus}, author = {Colin Wood and Jason Sahl and Sara Maltinsky and Briana Coyne and Benjamin Russakoff and David Panisello Yagüe and Jolene Bowers and Talima Pearson }, url = {https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-021-02247-6}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-021-02247-6}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-08}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {174}, abstract = {Molecular assays are important tools for pathogen detection but need to be periodically re-evaluated with the discovery of additional genetic diversity that may cause assays to exclude target taxa or include non-target taxa. A single well-developed assay can find broad application across research, clinical, and industrial settings. Pathogen prevalence within a population is estimated using such assays and accurate results are critical for formulating effective public health policies and guiding future research. A variety of assays for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus are currently available. The utility of commercial assays for research is limited, given proprietary signatures and lack of transparent validation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Molecular assays are important tools for pathogen detection but need to be periodically re-evaluated with the discovery of additional genetic diversity that may cause assays to exclude target taxa or include non-target taxa. A single well-developed assay can find broad application across research, clinical, and industrial settings. Pathogen prevalence within a population is estimated using such assays and accurate results are critical for formulating effective public health policies and guiding future research. A variety of assays for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus are currently available. The utility of commercial assays for research is limited, given proprietary signatures and lack of transparent validation. |
Eaves, Emery R; Barber, Jarrett; Whealy, Ryann; Clancey, Sara A; Wright, Rita; Cocking, Jill Hager; Spadafino, Joseph; Hepp, Crystal M Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017 Journal Article PLOS ONE, 16 (6), 2021. @article{Eaves2021, title = {Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Jarrett Barber and Ryann Whealy and Sara A. Clancey and Rita Wright and Jill Hager Cocking and Joseph Spadafino and Crystal M. Hepp }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-03}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {6}, abstract = {In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. |
Abdul-Chani, Monical; Moreno, Christopher P; Reeder, Julia A; Zuckerman, Katherine; Lindly, Olivia Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation Journal Article Research in Developmental Disabilities, 115 , 2021. @article{Abdul-Chani2021, title = {Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation}, author = {Monical Abdul-Chani and Christopher P Moreno and Julia A Reeder and Katherine Zuckerman and Olivia Lindly}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-29}, journal = {Research in Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {115}, abstract = {Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol M; Erler, Kimberly S; Rudolph, James L; Baldwin, Julie A Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020 Journal Article Journal of American Medical Direct Association, 22 (5), pp. 966-970, 2021. @article{Kumar2021b, title = {Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Amol M Karmarkar and Kimberly S Erler and James L Rudolph and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1525861021002553?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.034}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Journal of American Medical Direct Association}, volume = {22}, number = {5}, pages = {966-970}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period. |
Pro, George; Schumacher, Krista; Hubach, Randolph; Zaller, Nickolas; Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky; Camplain, Carolyn; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality Journal Article Rural and Remote Health, 21 , 2021. @article{Pro2021, title = {US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality}, author = {George Pro and Krista Schumacher and Randolph Hubach and Nickolas Zaller and Zachary Giano and Ricky Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6596}, doi = {10.22605/RRH6596}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-04}, journal = {Rural and Remote Health}, volume = {21}, abstract = {Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies. |
Lane, Taylor S; Sonderegger, Derek L; Holeva-Eklund, Whitney M; Brazendale, Keith; K.Behrens, Timothy; Howdeshell, Hiliary; Walka, Sherry; R.Cook, Jon; Heer, Hendrik D.de Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (5), pp. 658-665, 2021. @article{Lane2021, title = {Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study}, author = {Taylor S. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Whitney M. Holeva-Eklund and Keith Brazendale and Timothy K.Behrens and Hiliary Howdeshell and Sherry Walka and Jon R.Cook and Hendrik D.de Heer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, abstract = {Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lopez, Nanette V; Cooper, Dan M; McKenzie, Thomas L; Zheng, Kai; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools Journal Article Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 5 (1), 2021. @article{Camplain2021b, title = {Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Nanette V. Lopez and Dan M. Cooper and Thomas L. McKenzie and Kai Zheng and Shlomit Radom-Aizik}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.786}, doi = {10.1017/cts.2021.786}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-30}, journal = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Science}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM). |