NAU publications by SHERC
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. SHERC has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Trotter, Robert; Baldwin, Julie A; Buck, Charles Loren; Remiker, Mark; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank Arthur JMIR Research Protocol, 10 (8), 2021. @article{Trotter2021, title = {Health Impacts of Perchlorate and Pesticide Exposure: Protocol for Community-Engaged Research to Evaluate Environmental Toxicants in a US Border Community}, author = {Robert Trotter and Julie A Baldwin and Charles Loren Buck and Mark Remiker and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank Arthur von Hippel}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34383679/}, doi = {10.2196/15864}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-11}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocol}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, abstract = {The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving "environmental scans" in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving "environmental scans" in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions. |
Schwartz, Anna L; Terry, Christopher M Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (15), 2021. @article{Schwartz2021, title = {Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer}, author = {Anna L. Schwartz and Christopher M. Terry}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158151}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18158151}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {15}, abstract = {Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors. |
Hardy, Lisa J; Mana, Adi; Mundell, Leah; Benheim, Sharón; Morales, Kayla Torres; Sagy, Shifra Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid-19 Journal Article Journal of Community Psychology, 49 (6), pp. 2059-2070, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/jcop.22544. @article{Hardy2021, title = {Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid-19}, author = {Lisa J Hardy and Adi Mana and Leah Mundell and Sharón Benheim and Kayla Torres Morales and Shifra Sagy}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33729586/}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.22544}, isbn = {10.1002/jcop.22544}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {49}, number = {6}, pages = {2059-2070}, abstract = {International research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in-depth, exploratory, semi-structured interviews with self-defined politically left-leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data. Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in-depth, exploratory, semi-structured interviews with self-defined politically left-leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data. Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times. |
Tippens, Julie A; Hatton-Bowers, Holly; Honomichl, Ryan; Wheeler, Lorey A; Miamidian, Helen M; Bash, Kirstie L; Smith, Michelle Howell C; Nyaoro, Dulo; Byrd, Joshua J; Packard, Samuel E; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya Journal Article American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91 (5), pp. 626–634, 2021. @article{Tippens2021, title = {Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya}, author = {Julie A. Tippens and Holly Hatton-Bowers and Ryan Honomichl and Lorey A. Wheeler and Helen M. Miamidian and Kirstie L. Bash and Michelle C. Howell Smith and Dulo Nyaoro and Joshua J Byrd and Samuel E. Packard and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000564}, doi = {10.1037/ort0000564}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-01}, journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {91}, number = {5}, pages = {626–634}, abstract = {There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lininger, Monica R; Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (13), 2021. @article{Camplain2021, title = {Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137007}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18137007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-30}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {13}, abstract = {We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease. |
Akintobi, Tabia Henry; Sheikhattari, Payam; Shaffer, Emma; Evans, Christina L; Braun, Kathryn L; Sy, Angela U; Mancera, Bibiana; Campa, Adriana; Miller, Stephania T; Sarpong, Daniel; Holliday, Rhonda; Jimenez-Chavez, Julio; Khan, Shafiq; Hinton, Cimona; Sellars-Bates, Kimberly; Ajewole, Veronica; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (12), 2021. @article{Akintobi2021, title = {Community Engagement Practices at Research Centers in U.S. Minority Institutions: Priority Populations and Innovative Approaches to Advancing Health Disparities Research}, author = {Tabia Henry Akintobi and Payam Sheikhattari and Emma Shaffer and Christina L. Evans and Kathryn L. Braun and Angela U. Sy and Bibiana Mancera and Adriana Campa and Stephania T. Miller and Daniel Sarpong and Rhonda Holliday and Julio Jimenez-Chavez and Shafiq Khan and Cimona Hinton and Kimberly Sellars-Bates and Veronica Ajewole and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126675}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18126675}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-21}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {12}, abstract = {This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns. |
Jones, Christopher W; Morales, Crystal G; Eltiste, Sharon L; Yanchik-Slade, Francine E; Lee, Naomi R; Nilsson, Bradley L Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons Journal Article Journal of Peptide Science, 27 , 2021. @article{Jones2021, title = {Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons}, author = {Christopher W. Jones and Crystal G. Morales and Sharon L. Eltiste and Francine E. Yanchik-Slade and Naomi R. Lee and Bradley L. Nilsson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.3334}, doi = {10.1002/psc.3334}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-20}, journal = {Journal of Peptide Science}, volume = {27}, abstract = {Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials. |
Wood, Colin; Sahl, Jason; Maltinsky, Sara; Coyne, Briana; Russakoff, Benjamin; Yagüe, David Panisello; Bowers, Jolene; Pearson, Talima SaQuant: a real-time PCR assay for quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (174), 2021. @article{Wood2021, title = {SaQuant: a real-time PCR assay for quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus}, author = {Colin Wood and Jason Sahl and Sara Maltinsky and Briana Coyne and Benjamin Russakoff and David Panisello Yagüe and Jolene Bowers and Talima Pearson }, url = {https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-021-02247-6}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-021-02247-6}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-08}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {174}, abstract = {Molecular assays are important tools for pathogen detection but need to be periodically re-evaluated with the discovery of additional genetic diversity that may cause assays to exclude target taxa or include non-target taxa. A single well-developed assay can find broad application across research, clinical, and industrial settings. Pathogen prevalence within a population is estimated using such assays and accurate results are critical for formulating effective public health policies and guiding future research. A variety of assays for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus are currently available. The utility of commercial assays for research is limited, given proprietary signatures and lack of transparent validation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Molecular assays are important tools for pathogen detection but need to be periodically re-evaluated with the discovery of additional genetic diversity that may cause assays to exclude target taxa or include non-target taxa. A single well-developed assay can find broad application across research, clinical, and industrial settings. Pathogen prevalence within a population is estimated using such assays and accurate results are critical for formulating effective public health policies and guiding future research. A variety of assays for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus are currently available. The utility of commercial assays for research is limited, given proprietary signatures and lack of transparent validation. |
Eaves, Emery R; Barber, Jarrett; Whealy, Ryann; Clancey, Sara A; Wright, Rita; Cocking, Jill Hager; Spadafino, Joseph; Hepp, Crystal M Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017 Journal Article PLOS ONE, 16 (6), 2021. @article{Eaves2021, title = {Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Jarrett Barber and Ryann Whealy and Sara A. Clancey and Rita Wright and Jill Hager Cocking and Joseph Spadafino and Crystal M. Hepp }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-03}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {6}, abstract = {In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. |
Abdul-Chani, Monical; Moreno, Christopher P; Reeder, Julia A; Zuckerman, Katherine; Lindly, Olivia Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation Journal Article Research in Developmental Disabilities, 115 , 2021. @article{Abdul-Chani2021, title = {Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation}, author = {Monical Abdul-Chani and Christopher P Moreno and Julia A Reeder and Katherine Zuckerman and Olivia Lindly}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-29}, journal = {Research in Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {115}, abstract = {Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol M; Erler, Kimberly S; Rudolph, James L; Baldwin, Julie A Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020 Journal Article Journal of American Medical Direct Association, 22 (5), pp. 966-970, 2021. @article{Kumar2021b, title = {Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Amol M Karmarkar and Kimberly S Erler and James L Rudolph and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1525861021002553?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.034}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Journal of American Medical Direct Association}, volume = {22}, number = {5}, pages = {966-970}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period. |
Pro, George; Schumacher, Krista; Hubach, Randolph; Zaller, Nickolas; Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky; Camplain, Carolyn; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality Journal Article Rural and Remote Health, 21 , 2021. @article{Pro2021, title = {US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality}, author = {George Pro and Krista Schumacher and Randolph Hubach and Nickolas Zaller and Zachary Giano and Ricky Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6596}, doi = {10.22605/RRH6596}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-04}, journal = {Rural and Remote Health}, volume = {21}, abstract = {Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies. |
Lane, Taylor S; Sonderegger, Derek L; Holeva-Eklund, Whitney M; Brazendale, Keith; K.Behrens, Timothy; Howdeshell, Hiliary; Walka, Sherry; R.Cook, Jon; Heer, Hendrik D.de Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (5), pp. 658-665, 2021. @article{Lane2021, title = {Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study}, author = {Taylor S. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Whitney M. Holeva-Eklund and Keith Brazendale and Timothy K.Behrens and Hiliary Howdeshell and Sherry Walka and Jon R.Cook and Hendrik D.de Heer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, abstract = {Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lopez, Nanette V; Cooper, Dan M; McKenzie, Thomas L; Zheng, Kai; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools Journal Article Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 5 (1), 2021. @article{Camplain2021b, title = {Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Nanette V. Lopez and Dan M. Cooper and Thomas L. McKenzie and Kai Zheng and Shlomit Radom-Aizik}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.786}, doi = {10.1017/cts.2021.786}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-30}, journal = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Science}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM). |
Black, Caroline Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children Journal Article Family Process, 2021. @article{Black2021, title = {Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children}, author = {Caroline Black}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12663}, doi = {10.1111/famp.12663}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-26}, journal = {Family Process}, abstract = {Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents’ relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children’s psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers’ emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families’ strengths and applied to practice-based settings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents’ relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children’s psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers’ emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families’ strengths and applied to practice-based settings. |
Vigil-Hayes, Morgan; Collier, Ann Futterman; Hagemann, Shelby; Castillo, Giovanni; Mikkelson, Keller; Dingman, Joshua; Muñoz, Andrew; Luther, Jade; McLaughlin, Alexandra Integrating Cultural Relevance into a Behavioral mHealth Intervention for Native American Youth Journal Article Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact ., 165 , 2021. @article{Vigil-Hayes2021, title = {Integrating Cultural Relevance into a Behavioral mHealth Intervention for Native American Youth}, author = {Morgan Vigil-Hayes and Ann Futterman Collier and Shelby Hagemann and Giovanni Castillo and Keller Mikkelson and Joshua Dingman and Andrew Muñoz and Jade Luther and Alexandra McLaughlin}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34676359/}, doi = {10.1145/3449239}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-05}, journal = {Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact .}, volume = {165}, abstract = {Native American communities are disproportionately affected by a number of behavioral health disparities, including higher rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide. As mobile health (mHealth) interventions gain traction as methods for addressing these disparities, they continue to lack relevance to Native American youth. In an effort to explore the design of relevant behavioral mHealth intervention for Native American communities, we have developed ARORA (Amplifying Resilience Over Restricted Internet Access), a prototype behavioral mHealth intervention that has been co-designed with Native American youth, a community advisory board, and a clinical psychologist. In this paper, we qualitatively analyze our co-design and focus group sessions using a grounded theory approach and identify the key themes that Native American community members have identified as being critical components of relevant mHealth designs. Notably, we find that the Native American youth who participated in our focus groups desired a greater level of didactic interaction with cultural and behavioral health elements. We conclude with a discussion of the significant challenges we faced in our efforts to co-design software with Native American stakeholders and provide recommendations that might guide other HCI researchers and designers through challenges that arise during the process of cross-cultural design.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native American communities are disproportionately affected by a number of behavioral health disparities, including higher rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide. As mobile health (mHealth) interventions gain traction as methods for addressing these disparities, they continue to lack relevance to Native American youth. In an effort to explore the design of relevant behavioral mHealth intervention for Native American communities, we have developed ARORA (Amplifying Resilience Over Restricted Internet Access), a prototype behavioral mHealth intervention that has been co-designed with Native American youth, a community advisory board, and a clinical psychologist. In this paper, we qualitatively analyze our co-design and focus group sessions using a grounded theory approach and identify the key themes that Native American community members have identified as being critical components of relevant mHealth designs. Notably, we find that the Native American youth who participated in our focus groups desired a greater level of didactic interaction with cultural and behavioral health elements. We conclude with a discussion of the significant challenges we faced in our efforts to co-design software with Native American stakeholders and provide recommendations that might guide other HCI researchers and designers through challenges that arise during the process of cross-cultural design. |
Park, Daesik; Propper, Catherine R; Wang, Guangning; Salanga, Matthew C Ecotoxicology, 30 , pp. 711–718, 2021. @article{Park2021, title = {Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations}, author = {Daesik Park and Catherine R Propper and Guangning Wang and Matthew C Salanga }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, doi = {10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-03}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {30}, pages = {711–718}, abstract = {Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Khadem, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202 , 2021, ISBN: 105959. @article{Mousavi2021, title = {ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Fatemeh Afghah and Fatemeh Khadem and U. Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, isbn = {105959}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, volume = {202}, abstract = {A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance. |
Bartlett, Rebecca S; Bruecker, Savannah; Eccleston, Bobby High-Fidelity Simulation Improves Long-Term Knowledge of Clinical Swallow Evaluation Journal Article American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 30 (2), pp. 673-686, 2021. @article{Bartlett2021, title = {High-Fidelity Simulation Improves Long-Term Knowledge of Clinical Swallow Evaluation}, author = {Rebecca S Bartlett and Savannah Bruecker and Bobby Eccleston}, doi = {10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00240}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-26}, journal = {American Journal of Speech Language Pathology}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {673-686}, abstract = {Purpose Clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) is a critical skill that speech-language pathologists who manage swallowing impairment must learn. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to determine if using a human patient simulator (HPS) to train speech-language pathology graduate students in CSE improved knowledge, preparedness, and anxiety as compared to traditional instruction alone. Method This was a controlled trial with repeated measures. Participants included graduate students from two cohorts who were enrolled in a swallowing disorders course in consecutive academic years (n = 50). Students in the experimental group participated in a simulation experience in which they performed a CSE on an HPS, generated a treatment plan, and communicated in real time with the HPS, the patient's wife, and a nurse. Quantitative results included quizzes that measured short- and long-term CSE knowledge, and qualitative findings included written feedback from instructors and students. Results Students who participated in simulation training had significantly higher long-term quiz accuracy than the control group, but their short-term quiz scores did not differ. Student ratings of preparedness and anxiety did not differ between the two groups. Many students reported that they appreciated practicing the use of patient-friendly language and preferred clinical simulation over traditional teaching methods. Facilitators reported that simulation increased student engagement and critical thinking skills more than traditional teaching methods. Conclusions CSE simulation provided objective and subjective advantages over traditional teaching methods. Recommendations from students and instructors for improving the CSE simulation training are reported.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose Clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) is a critical skill that speech-language pathologists who manage swallowing impairment must learn. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to determine if using a human patient simulator (HPS) to train speech-language pathology graduate students in CSE improved knowledge, preparedness, and anxiety as compared to traditional instruction alone. Method This was a controlled trial with repeated measures. Participants included graduate students from two cohorts who were enrolled in a swallowing disorders course in consecutive academic years (n = 50). Students in the experimental group participated in a simulation experience in which they performed a CSE on an HPS, generated a treatment plan, and communicated in real time with the HPS, the patient's wife, and a nurse. Quantitative results included quizzes that measured short- and long-term CSE knowledge, and qualitative findings included written feedback from instructors and students. Results Students who participated in simulation training had significantly higher long-term quiz accuracy than the control group, but their short-term quiz scores did not differ. Student ratings of preparedness and anxiety did not differ between the two groups. Many students reported that they appreciated practicing the use of patient-friendly language and preferred clinical simulation over traditional teaching methods. Facilitators reported that simulation increased student engagement and critical thinking skills more than traditional teaching methods. Conclusions CSE simulation provided objective and subjective advantages over traditional teaching methods. Recommendations from students and instructors for improving the CSE simulation training are reported. |
Evans, Linnea; Engelman, Michal; Mikulas, Alex; Malecki, Kristen How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review Journal Article Social Science & Medicine, 273 , 2021, ISBN: 113738. @article{Evans2021, title = {How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review}, author = {Linnea Evans and Michal Engelman and Alex Mikulas and Kristen Malecki}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, isbn = {113738}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {273}, abstract = {Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities. |
2020 |
Barger, Steven D; Broom, Timothy W; Esposito, Michael V; Lane, Taylor S BMJ Open, 2020. @article{Barger2020, title = {Is subjective well-being independently associated with mortality? A 14-year prospective cohort study in a representative sample of 25 139 US men and women}, author = {Steven D Barger and Timothy W Broom and Michael V Esposito and Taylor S Lane}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045262/}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031776}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-14}, journal = {BMJ Open}, abstract = {A population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardized summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using pre-specified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardized summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using pre-specified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Afghah, Fatemeh Single-modal and multi-modal false arrhythmia alarm reduction using attention-based convolutional and recurrent neural networks Journal Article PLoS One, 15 (1), 2020. @article{Mousavi2020, title = {Single-modal and multi-modal false arrhythmia alarm reduction using attention-based convolutional and recurrent neural networks}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31923226/}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0226990}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-10}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, abstract = {This study proposes a deep learning model that effectively suppresses the false alarms in the intensive care units (ICUs) without ignoring the true alarms using single- and multi- modal biosignals. Most of the current work in the literature are either rule-based methods, requiring prior knowledge of arrhythmia analysis to build rules, or classical machine learning approaches, depending on hand-engineered features. In this work, we apply convolutional neural networks to automatically extract time-invariant features, an attention mechanism to put more emphasis on the important regions of the segmented input signal(s) that are more likely to contribute to an alarm, and long short-term memory units to capture the temporal information presented in the signal segments. We trained our method efficiently using a two-step training algorithm (i.e., pre-training and fine-tuning the proposed network) on the dataset provided by the PhysioNet computing in cardiology challenge 2015. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains better results compared to other existing algorithms for the false alarm reduction task in ICUs. The proposed method achieves a sensitivity of 93.88% and a specificity of 92.05% for the alarm classification, considering three different signals. In addition, our experiments for 5 separate alarm types leads significant results, where we just consider a single-lead ECG (e.g., a sensitivity of 90.71%, a specificity of 88.30%, an AUC of 89.51 for alarm type of Ventricular Tachycardia arrhythmia).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study proposes a deep learning model that effectively suppresses the false alarms in the intensive care units (ICUs) without ignoring the true alarms using single- and multi- modal biosignals. Most of the current work in the literature are either rule-based methods, requiring prior knowledge of arrhythmia analysis to build rules, or classical machine learning approaches, depending on hand-engineered features. In this work, we apply convolutional neural networks to automatically extract time-invariant features, an attention mechanism to put more emphasis on the important regions of the segmented input signal(s) that are more likely to contribute to an alarm, and long short-term memory units to capture the temporal information presented in the signal segments. We trained our method efficiently using a two-step training algorithm (i.e., pre-training and fine-tuning the proposed network) on the dataset provided by the PhysioNet computing in cardiology challenge 2015. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains better results compared to other existing algorithms for the false alarm reduction task in ICUs. The proposed method achieves a sensitivity of 93.88% and a specificity of 92.05% for the alarm classification, considering three different signals. In addition, our experiments for 5 separate alarm types leads significant results, where we just consider a single-lead ECG (e.g., a sensitivity of 90.71%, a specificity of 88.30%, an AUC of 89.51 for alarm type of Ventricular Tachycardia arrhythmia). |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; de Heer, Brooke; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2020. @article{Pro2020, title = {A National Epidemiologic Profile of Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Supportive Childhood Relationships: Group Differences in Predicted Trends and Associations}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Brooke de Heer and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31912443/ }, doi = {10.1007/s40615-019-00696-4}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in the USA and associated with multiple health sequelae. Physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of revictimization that some adults with ACEs may be more prone to. Positive and supportive childhood environments may buffer the effects of ACEs, but little is known about the differential associations between physical IPV and ACEs and supportive childhood environments. We sought to illustrate racial/ethnic and gender differences in the adjusted predicted probability of physical IPV across multiple ACE and supportive childhood scores. |
Camplain, Ricky; Pinn, Travis A; Williamson, Heather J; Pro, George; Becenti, Lyle; Bret, James; Luna, Crystal; Baldwin, Julie A Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings Journal Article Int Journal of Environ Res Public Health, 17 (1), pp. 349, 2020. @article{Camplain2020b, title = {Adaptation of the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) for the Measurement of Physical Activity in Jail Settings}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Travis A. Pinn and Heather J. Williamson and George Pro and Lyle Becenti and James Bret and Crystal Luna and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947914/}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17010349}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-04}, journal = {Int Journal of Environ Res Public Health}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {349}, abstract = {Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users' physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over 9 million people are incarcerated in jail each year, but physical activity has not been assessed among incarcerated populations. Measuring physical activity in the jail setting is complicated as current physical activity measurement tools are not designed for use inside jail facilities. Therefore, we adapted an evidence-based physical activity measurement tool, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), to assess physical activity within a jail facility. SOPARC was designed to obtain observational information on physical activity of individuals. The study team created a protocol for SOPARC for use in jail facilities. Unlike the original SOPARC, access to recreation time in jail required prior scheduling. Target areas were unnecessary as recreation spaces were enclosed. The adapted SOPARC protocol for jails included start and end times, the number of individuals that attended, and recreation time users' physical activity levels, footwear, outerwear, uniform color, and use of mobility assistive devices. The use of SOPARC in the jail setting requires adaptation to adequately capture physical activity data among incarcerated individuals. Accurately measuring physical activity among incarcerated individuals and the environment in which they are active may allow for future development and testing of physical activity interventions in jail facilities. |
2019 |
Lee, Naomi R; Noonan, Carolyn J; Nelson, Lonnie; Umans, Jason G HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Among American Indian and Alaska Native Health and STEM Conference Attendees Journal Article International Journal of Indigenous Health, 14 (2), pp. 205-221, 2019. @article{Lee2019, title = {HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Among American Indian and Alaska Native Health and STEM Conference Attendees}, author = {Naomi R. Lee and Carolyn J. Noonan and Lonnie Nelson and Jason G. Umans}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199482/}, doi = {10.32799/ijih.v14i2.31920}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {International Journal of Indigenous Health}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {205-221}, abstract = {American Indian and Alaska Native women had approximately twice the incidence of cervical cancer as white women. Preventive measures for cervical cancer rely on screening and HPV vaccination. However, vaccine series completion and catch-up vaccinations for eligible adults are low across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify gaps in knowledge and evaluate the attitudes toward HPV and the vaccine among AIANs with various levels of training in the STEM and health-related fields. A survey was used to collect data from audience members at two national conferences geared towards American Indian and Alaska Natives in health and STEM fields in September 2017. A vignette study was administered via a live electronic poll to test knowledge (true/false questions), attitudes, and to collect demographic information. Respondents self-identified as primarily American Indian and Alaska Native (74%), pursuing or completed a graduate degree (67%), and female (85%). Most respondents (86%) were aware of HPV-associated cancer in men. However, most (48-90%) answered incorrectly to detailed true/false statements about HPV and available vaccines. After educational information was provided, opinions collected via vignettes highlighted mainly positive attitudes toward vaccination; specifically, that vaccines are safe and all eligible community members should be vaccinated (75% and 84%, respectively). We observed that our respondents with higher educational attainment still lacked accurate knowledge pertaining to HPV and the vaccine. Overall, continued education about HPV and the vaccine is needed across all levels of education including American Indian and Alaska Native community members and health professionals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian and Alaska Native women had approximately twice the incidence of cervical cancer as white women. Preventive measures for cervical cancer rely on screening and HPV vaccination. However, vaccine series completion and catch-up vaccinations for eligible adults are low across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify gaps in knowledge and evaluate the attitudes toward HPV and the vaccine among AIANs with various levels of training in the STEM and health-related fields. A survey was used to collect data from audience members at two national conferences geared towards American Indian and Alaska Natives in health and STEM fields in September 2017. A vignette study was administered via a live electronic poll to test knowledge (true/false questions), attitudes, and to collect demographic information. Respondents self-identified as primarily American Indian and Alaska Native (74%), pursuing or completed a graduate degree (67%), and female (85%). Most respondents (86%) were aware of HPV-associated cancer in men. However, most (48-90%) answered incorrectly to detailed true/false statements about HPV and available vaccines. After educational information was provided, opinions collected via vignettes highlighted mainly positive attitudes toward vaccination; specifically, that vaccines are safe and all eligible community members should be vaccinated (75% and 84%, respectively). We observed that our respondents with higher educational attainment still lacked accurate knowledge pertaining to HPV and the vaccine. Overall, continued education about HPV and the vaccine is needed across all levels of education including American Indian and Alaska Native community members and health professionals. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Campbell, Anna M; Stuiver, Martijn M; Pinto, Bernardine M; Schwartz, Anna L; Morris, Stephen G; Ligibel, Jennifer A; Cheville, Andrea; Galvão, Daniel A; Alfano, Catherine M; Patel, Alpa V; Hue, Trisha; Gerber, Lynn H; Sallis, Robert; Gusani, Niraj J; Stout, Nicole L; Chan, Leighton; Flowers, Fiona; Doyle, Colleen; Helmrich, Susan; Bain, William; Sokolof, Jonas; Winters-Stone, Kerri M; Campbell, Kristin L; Matthews, Charles E Exercise is medicine in oncology: Engaging clinicians to help patients move through cancer Journal Article CA Cancer J Clin , 69 (6), pp. 468-484, 2019. @article{Schmitz2019, title = {Exercise is medicine in oncology: Engaging clinicians to help patients move through cancer}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Anna M Campbell and Martijn M Stuiver and Bernardine M Pinto and Anna L Schwartz and G Stephen Morris and Jennifer A Ligibel and Andrea Cheville and Daniel A Galvão and Catherine M Alfano and Alpa V Patel and Trisha Hue and Lynn H Gerber and Robert Sallis and Niraj J Gusani and Nicole L Stout and Leighton Chan and Fiona Flowers and Colleen Doyle and Susan Helmrich and William Bain and Jonas Sokolof and Kerri M Winters-Stone and Kristin L Campbell and Charles E Matthews}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31617590/}, doi = {10.3322/caac.21579}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-16}, journal = {CA Cancer J Clin }, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {468-484}, abstract = {Multiple organizations around the world have issued evidence-based exercise guidance for patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Recently, the American College of Sports Medicine has updated its exercise guidance for cancer prevention as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancer health-related outcomes (eg, fatigue, anxiety, depression, function, and quality of life). Despite these guidelines, the majority of people living with and beyond cancer are not regularly physically active. Among the reasons for this is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. The authors propose using the American College of Sports Medicine's Exercise Is Medicine initiative to address this practice gap. The simple proposal is for clinicians to assess, advise, and refer patients to either home-based or community-based exercise or for further evaluation and intervention in outpatient rehabilitation. To do this will require care coordination with appropriate professionals as well as change in the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and those who deliver the rehabilitation and exercise programming. Behavior change is one of many challenges to enacting the proposed practice changes. Other implementation challenges include capacity for triage and referral, the need for a program registry, costs and compensation, and workforce development. In conclusion, there is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Multiple organizations around the world have issued evidence-based exercise guidance for patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Recently, the American College of Sports Medicine has updated its exercise guidance for cancer prevention as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancer health-related outcomes (eg, fatigue, anxiety, depression, function, and quality of life). Despite these guidelines, the majority of people living with and beyond cancer are not regularly physically active. Among the reasons for this is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. The authors propose using the American College of Sports Medicine's Exercise Is Medicine initiative to address this practice gap. The simple proposal is for clinicians to assess, advise, and refer patients to either home-based or community-based exercise or for further evaluation and intervention in outpatient rehabilitation. To do this will require care coordination with appropriate professionals as well as change in the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and those who deliver the rehabilitation and exercise programming. Behavior change is one of many challenges to enacting the proposed practice changes. Other implementation challenges include capacity for triage and referral, the need for a program registry, costs and compensation, and workforce development. In conclusion, there is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them. |
Trotter, Robert T; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Camplain, Ricky; Arazan, Christine L; Camplain, Carolyn; Eaves, Emery R; Hanabury, Mary; Hepp, Crystal M; Kohlbeck, Bailey S; Lininger, Monica R; Peoples, Marie; Dmitrieva, Natalia O; Baldwin, Julie A Health disparities in jail populations: Mixed methods and multi-disciplinary community engagement for justice and health impacts Journal Article Practicing Anthropology, 41 (4), pp. 2-10-16, 2019. @article{Trotter2019, title = {Health disparities in jail populations: Mixed methods and multi-disciplinary community engagement for justice and health impacts}, author = {Robert T Trotter and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Ricky Camplain and Christine L Arazan and Carolyn Camplain and Emery R Eaves and Mary Hanabury and Crystal M Hepp and Bailey S Kohlbeck and Monica R Lininger and Marie Peoples and Natalia O Dmitrieva and Julie A Baldwin}, doi = {10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.2}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-04}, journal = {Practicing Anthropology}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {2-10-16}, abstract = {This special issue of Practicing Anthropology presents multidisciplinary and multisectoral views of a community engaged health disparities project titled "Health Disparities in Jail Populations: Converging Epidemics of Infectious Disease, Chronic Illness, Behavioral Health, and Substance Abuse." The overall project incorporated traditional anthropological mixed-methods approaches with theory and methods from informatics, epidemiology, genomics, evolutionary and computational biology, community engagement, and applied/translational science.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This special issue of Practicing Anthropology presents multidisciplinary and multisectoral views of a community engaged health disparities project titled "Health Disparities in Jail Populations: Converging Epidemics of Infectious Disease, Chronic Illness, Behavioral Health, and Substance Abuse." The overall project incorporated traditional anthropological mixed-methods approaches with theory and methods from informatics, epidemiology, genomics, evolutionary and computational biology, community engagement, and applied/translational science. |
Pearson, Talima; Barger, Steven; Lininger, Monica; Wayment, Heidi; Hepp, Crystal; Villa, Francisco; Tucker-Morgan, Karen; Kyman, Shari; Cabrera, Melissa; Hurtado, Kevin; Menard, Ashley; Fulbright, Kelly; Wood, Colin; Mbegbu, Mimi; Zambrano, Yesenia; Fletcher, Annette; Medina-Rodriguez, Sarah; Manone, Mark; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; II, Robert Trotter T Health Disparities in Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Carriage in a Border Region of the United States Based on Cultural Differences in Social Relationships: Protocol for a Survey Study Journal Article JMIR Research Protocols, 8 (9), 2019. @article{T2019, title = {Health Disparities in Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Carriage in a Border Region of the United States Based on Cultural Differences in Social Relationships: Protocol for a Survey Study}, author = {Talima Pearson and Steven Barger and Monica Lininger and Heidi Wayment and Crystal Hepp and Francisco Villa and Karen Tucker-Morgan and Shari Kyman and Melissa Cabrera and Kevin Hurtado and Ashley Menard and Kelly Fulbright and Colin Wood and Mimi Mbegbu and Yesenia Zambrano and Annette Fletcher and Sarah Medina-Rodriguez and Mark Manone and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Robert T. Trotter II}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-27}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocols}, volume = {8}, number = {9}, abstract = {Health care–associated Staphylococcus aureus infections are declining but remain common. Conversely, rates of community-associated infections have not decreased because of the inadequacy of public health mechanisms to control transmission in a community setting. Our long-term goal is to use risk-based information from empirical socio-cultural-biological evidence of carriage and transmission to inform intervention strategies that reduce S aureus transmission in the community. Broad differences in social interactions because of cultural affiliation, travel, and residency patterns may impact S aureus carriage and transmission, either as risk or as protective factors. This study is designed to evaluate ethnic-specific prevalence of S aureus carriage in a US border community. The study will also examine the extent to which kin and nonkin social relationships are concordant with carriage prevalence in social groups. Genetic analysis of S aureus strains will further distinguish putative transmission pathways across social relationship contexts and inform our understanding of the correspondence of S aureus reservoirs across clinical and community settings. Basic community-engaged nonprobabilistic sampling procedures provide a rigorous framework for completion of this 5-year study of the social and cultural parameters of S aureus carriage and transmission.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Health care–associated Staphylococcus aureus infections are declining but remain common. Conversely, rates of community-associated infections have not decreased because of the inadequacy of public health mechanisms to control transmission in a community setting. Our long-term goal is to use risk-based information from empirical socio-cultural-biological evidence of carriage and transmission to inform intervention strategies that reduce S aureus transmission in the community. Broad differences in social interactions because of cultural affiliation, travel, and residency patterns may impact S aureus carriage and transmission, either as risk or as protective factors. This study is designed to evaluate ethnic-specific prevalence of S aureus carriage in a US border community. The study will also examine the extent to which kin and nonkin social relationships are concordant with carriage prevalence in social groups. Genetic analysis of S aureus strains will further distinguish putative transmission pathways across social relationship contexts and inform our understanding of the correspondence of S aureus reservoirs across clinical and community settings. Basic community-engaged nonprobabilistic sampling procedures provide a rigorous framework for completion of this 5-year study of the social and cultural parameters of S aureus carriage and transmission. |
Greene, Joshua R; Merrett, Kahla L; Heyert, Alexanndra J; Simmons, Lucas F; Migliori, Camille M; Vogt, Kristen C; Castro, Rebeca S; Phillips, Paul D; Baker, Joseph L; Lindberg, Gerrick E; Fox, David T; Sesto, Rico Del E; Koppisch, Andrew T Scope and efficacy of the broad-spectrum topical antiseptic choline geranate Journal Article PLoS One, 14 (9), 2019. @article{Greene2019, title = {Scope and efficacy of the broad-spectrum topical antiseptic choline geranate}, author = {Joshua R Greene and Kahla L Merrett and Alexanndra J Heyert and Lucas F Simmons and Camille M Migliori and Kristen C Vogt and Rebeca S Castro and Paul D Phillips and Joseph L Baker and Gerrick E Lindberg and David T Fox and Rico E Del Sesto and Andrew T Koppisch}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222211}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0222211}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-17}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {14}, number = {9}, abstract = {Choline geranate (also described as Choline And GEranic acid, or CAGE) has been developed as a novel biocompatible antiseptic material capable of penetrating skin and aiding the transdermal delivery of co-administered antibiotics. The antibacterial properties of CAGE were analyzed against 24 and 72 hour old biofilms of 11 clinically isolated ESKAPE pathogens (defined as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp, respectively), including multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. CAGE was observed to eradicate in vitro biofilms at concentrations as low as 3.56 mM (0.156% v:v) in as little as 2 hours, which represents both an improved potency and rate of biofilm eradication relative to that reported for most common standard-of-care topical antiseptics in current use. In vitro time-kill studies on 24 hour old Staphylococcus aureus biofilms indicate that CAGE exerts its antibacterial effect upon contact and a 0.1% v:v solution reduced biofilm viability by over three orders of magnitude (a 3log10 reduction) in 15 minutes. Furthermore, disruption of the protective layer of exopolymeric substances in mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus by CAGE (0.1% v:v) was observed in 120 minutes. Insight into the mechanism of action of CAGE was provided with molecular modeling studies alongside in vitro antibiofilm assays. The geranate ion and geranic acid components of CAGE are predicted to act in concert to integrate into bacterial membranes, affect membrane thinning and perturb membrane homeostasis. Taken together, our results show that CAGE demonstrates all properties required of an effective topical antiseptic and the data also provides insight into how its observed antibiofilm properties may manifest.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Choline geranate (also described as Choline And GEranic acid, or CAGE) has been developed as a novel biocompatible antiseptic material capable of penetrating skin and aiding the transdermal delivery of co-administered antibiotics. The antibacterial properties of CAGE were analyzed against 24 and 72 hour old biofilms of 11 clinically isolated ESKAPE pathogens (defined as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp, respectively), including multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. CAGE was observed to eradicate in vitro biofilms at concentrations as low as 3.56 mM (0.156% v:v) in as little as 2 hours, which represents both an improved potency and rate of biofilm eradication relative to that reported for most common standard-of-care topical antiseptics in current use. In vitro time-kill studies on 24 hour old Staphylococcus aureus biofilms indicate that CAGE exerts its antibacterial effect upon contact and a 0.1% v:v solution reduced biofilm viability by over three orders of magnitude (a 3log10 reduction) in 15 minutes. Furthermore, disruption of the protective layer of exopolymeric substances in mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus by CAGE (0.1% v:v) was observed in 120 minutes. Insight into the mechanism of action of CAGE was provided with molecular modeling studies alongside in vitro antibiofilm assays. The geranate ion and geranic acid components of CAGE are predicted to act in concert to integrate into bacterial membranes, affect membrane thinning and perturb membrane homeostasis. Taken together, our results show that CAGE demonstrates all properties required of an effective topical antiseptic and the data also provides insight into how its observed antibiofilm properties may manifest. |
Mousavi, Seyed Sajad; Afghah, Fatemah; Razi, Abolfazl; Acharya, Rajendra U Learning where to attend for detection of atrial fibrillation with deep visual attention Journal Article IEEE EMBS Int Conf Biomed Health Inform, 2019. @article{Mousavi2019c, title = {Learning where to attend for detection of atrial fibrillation with deep visual attention}, author = {Seyed Sajad Mousavi and Fatemah Afghah and Abolfazl Razi and U Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33083788/}, doi = {10.1109/BHI.2019.8834637}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-12}, journal = {IEEE EMBS Int Conf Biomed Health Inform}, abstract = {The complexity of the patterns associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the high level of noise affecting these patterns have significantly limited the application of current signal processing and shallow machine learning approaches to accurately detect this condition. Deep neural networks have shown to be very powerful to learn the non-linear patterns in various problems such as computer vision tasks. While deep learning approaches have been utilized to learn complex patterns related to the presence of AF in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, they can considerably benefit from knowing which parts of the signal is more important to focus on during learning. In this paper, we introduce a two-channel deep neural network to more accurately detect the presence of AF in the ECG signals. The first channel takes in an ECG signal and automatically learns where to attend for detection of AF. The second channel simultaneously takes in the same ECG signal to consider all features of the entire signal. Besides improving detection accuracy, this model can guide the physicians via visualization that what parts of the given ECG signal are important to attend while trying to detect atrial fibrillation. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model significantly improves the performance of AF detection on well-known MIT-BIH AF database with 5-s ECG segments (achieved a sensitivity of 99.53%, specificity of 99.26% and accuracy of 99.40%). }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The complexity of the patterns associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the high level of noise affecting these patterns have significantly limited the application of current signal processing and shallow machine learning approaches to accurately detect this condition. Deep neural networks have shown to be very powerful to learn the non-linear patterns in various problems such as computer vision tasks. While deep learning approaches have been utilized to learn complex patterns related to the presence of AF in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, they can considerably benefit from knowing which parts of the signal is more important to focus on during learning. In this paper, we introduce a two-channel deep neural network to more accurately detect the presence of AF in the ECG signals. The first channel takes in an ECG signal and automatically learns where to attend for detection of AF. The second channel simultaneously takes in the same ECG signal to consider all features of the entire signal. Besides improving detection accuracy, this model can guide the physicians via visualization that what parts of the given ECG signal are important to attend while trying to detect atrial fibrillation. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model significantly improves the performance of AF detection on well-known MIT-BIH AF database with 5-s ECG segments (achieved a sensitivity of 99.53%, specificity of 99.26% and accuracy of 99.40%). |
Chen, Jiaming; Valehi, Ali; Afghah, Fatemeh; Razi, Abolfazl A Deviation Analysis Framework for ECG Signals Using Controlled Spatial Transformation. Journal Article IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI), pp. 1-4, 2019. @article{Chen2019, title = {A Deviation Analysis Framework for ECG Signals Using Controlled Spatial Transformation.}, author = {Jiaming Chen and Ali Valehi and Fatemeh Afghah and Abolfazl Razi}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8834617/authors#authors}, doi = {10.1109/BHI.2019.8834617}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-11}, journal = {IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI)}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {Current automated heart monitoring tools use supervised learning methods to recognize heart disorders based on ECG signal morphology. We develop a new ECG processing algorithm that enables early prediction of disorders through a novel deviation analysis. The idea is developing a patient-specific ECG baseline and characterizing the deviation of signal morphology towards any of the abnormality classes with specific morphological features. To enable this feature, a novel controlled non-linear transformation is designed to achieve maximal symmetry in the feature space. Our results using benchmark MIT-BIH database show that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 96% and can be used to trigger yellow alarms to warn patients from increased risk of upcoming heart abnormalities (5% to 10% increase with respect to normal conditions). This feature can be used in health monitoring devices to advise patients to take preventive and precaution actions before critical situations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Current automated heart monitoring tools use supervised learning methods to recognize heart disorders based on ECG signal morphology. We develop a new ECG processing algorithm that enables early prediction of disorders through a novel deviation analysis. The idea is developing a patient-specific ECG baseline and characterizing the deviation of signal morphology towards any of the abnormality classes with specific morphological features. To enable this feature, a novel controlled non-linear transformation is designed to achieve maximal symmetry in the feature space. Our results using benchmark MIT-BIH database show that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 96% and can be used to trigger yellow alarms to warn patients from increased risk of upcoming heart abnormalities (5% to 10% increase with respect to normal conditions). This feature can be used in health monitoring devices to advise patients to take preventive and precaution actions before critical situations. |
Camplain, Ricky; Baldwin, Julie A Commentary: The Search for Health Equity among Individuals Incarcerated in Jail Journal Article Practicing Anthropology, 41 (1), pp. 46-48, 2019. @article{Camplain2019c, title = {Commentary: The Search for Health Equity among Individuals Incarcerated in Jail }, author = {Ricky Camplain and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.46}, doi = {10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.46}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, journal = {Practicing Anthropology}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {46-48}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; Sabo, Samantha; Baldwin, Julie; Gilbert, Paul A Substance abuse treatment in correctional versus non-correctional settings: Analysis of racial/ethnic and gender differences Journal Article Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 12 (3), pp. 1-20, 2019. @article{Pro2019, title = {Substance abuse treatment in correctional versus non-correctional settings: Analysis of racial/ethnic and gender differences}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Samantha Sabo and Julie Baldwin and Paul A Gilbert}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33110710/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {Alcohol and drug abuse are widespread in the US. Substance abuse treatment services are effective, but utilization of services is low, particularly among African Americans, Hispanics, and women. Substance abuse is strongly associated with incarceration, and African Americans and Hispanics make up a disproportionate percentage of individuals with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal justice system. High treatment need, low treatment uptake, and the association between substance abuse and incarceration have led, in part, to correctional institutions filling the treatment gap by increasingly providing safety-net treatment services. We sought to better understand racial/ethnic and gender differences in determinants of treatment location (jail or prison versus non-correctional settings) among treatment-seeking adults.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alcohol and drug abuse are widespread in the US. Substance abuse treatment services are effective, but utilization of services is low, particularly among African Americans, Hispanics, and women. Substance abuse is strongly associated with incarceration, and African Americans and Hispanics make up a disproportionate percentage of individuals with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal justice system. High treatment need, low treatment uptake, and the association between substance abuse and incarceration have led, in part, to correctional institutions filling the treatment gap by increasingly providing safety-net treatment services. We sought to better understand racial/ethnic and gender differences in determinants of treatment location (jail or prison versus non-correctional settings) among treatment-seeking adults. |
Bolyen, Evan; Rideout, Jai Ram; Dillon, Matthew R; Bokulich, Nicholas A; Abnet, Christian C; Al-Ghalith, Gabriel A; Alexander, Harriet; Alm, Eric J; Arumugam, Manimozhiyan; Asnicar, Francesco; Bai, Yang; Bisanz, Jordan E; Bittinger, Kyle; Brejnrod, Asker; Brislawn, Colin J; Brown, Titus C; Callahan, Benjamin J; Caraballo-Rodríguez, Andrés Mauricio; Chase, John; Cope, Emily K; Silva, Ricardo Da; Diener, Christian; Dorrestein, Pieter C; Douglas, Gavin M; Durall, Daniel M; Duvallet, Claire; Edwardson, Christian F; Ernst, Madeleine; Estaki, Mehrbod; Fouquier, Jennifer; Gauglitz, Julia M; Gibbons, Sean M; Gibson, Deanna L; Gonzalez, Antonio; Gorlick, Kestrel; Guo, Jiarong; Hillmann, Benjamin; Holmes, Susan; Holste, Hannes; Huttenhower, Curtis; Huttley, Gavin A; Janssen, Stefan; Jarmusch, Alan K; Jiang, Lingjing; Kaehler, Benjamin D; Kang, Kyo Bin; Keefe, Christopher R; Keim, Paul; Kelley, Scott T; Knights, Dan; Koester, Irina; Kosciolek, Tomasz; Kreps, Jorden; Langille, Morgan G I; Lee, Joslynn; Ley, Ruth; Liu, Yong-Xin; Loftfield, Erikka; Lozupone, Catherine; Maher, Massoud; Marotz, Clarisse; Martin, Bryan D; McDonald, Daniel; McIver, Lauren J; Melnik, Alexey V; Metcalf, Jessica L; Morgan, Sydney C; Morton, Jamie T; Naimey, Ahmad Turan; Navas-Molina, Jose A; Nothias, Louis Felix; Orchanian, Stephanie B; Pearson, Talima; Peoples, Samuel L; Petras, Daniel; Preuss, Mary Lai; Pruesse, Elmar; Rasmussen, Lasse Buur; Rivers, Adam; II, Michael Robeson S; Rosenthal, Patrick; Segata, Nicola; Shaffer, Michael; Shiffer, Arron; Sinha, Rashmi; Song, Se Jin; Spear, John R; Swafford, Austin D; Thompson, Luke R; Torres, Pedro J; Trinh, Pauline; Tripathi, Anupriya; Turnbaugh, Peter J; Ul-Hasan, Sabah; van der Hooft, Justin J J; Vargas, Fernando; Vázquez-Baeza, Yoshiki; Vogtmann, Emily; von Hippel, Max; Walters, William; Wan, Yunhu; Wang, Mingxun; Warren, Jonathan; Weber, Kyle C; Williamson, Charles H D; Willis, Amy D; Xu, Zhenjiang Zech; Zaneveld, Jesse R; Zhang, Yilong; Zhu, Qiyun; Knight, Rob; Caporaso, Gregory J Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2 Journal Article Nature Biotechnology, 37 (8), pp. 852-857, 2019. @article{Bolyen2019, title = {Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2}, author = {Evan Bolyen and Jai Ram Rideout and Matthew R Dillon and Nicholas A Bokulich and Christian C Abnet and Gabriel A Al-Ghalith and Harriet Alexander and Eric J Alm and Manimozhiyan Arumugam and Francesco Asnicar and Yang Bai and Jordan E Bisanz and Kyle Bittinger and Asker Brejnrod and Colin J Brislawn and C Titus Brown and Benjamin J Callahan and Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez and John Chase and Emily K Cope and Ricardo Da Silva and Christian Diener and Pieter C Dorrestein and Gavin M Douglas and Daniel M Durall and Claire Duvallet and Christian F Edwardson and Madeleine Ernst and Mehrbod Estaki and Jennifer Fouquier and Julia M Gauglitz and Sean M Gibbons and Deanna L Gibson and Antonio Gonzalez and Kestrel Gorlick and Jiarong Guo and Benjamin Hillmann and Susan Holmes and Hannes Holste and Curtis Huttenhower and Gavin A Huttley and Stefan Janssen and Alan K Jarmusch and Lingjing Jiang and Benjamin D Kaehler and Kyo Bin Kang and Christopher R Keefe and Paul Keim and Scott T Kelley and Dan Knights and Irina Koester and Tomasz Kosciolek and Jorden Kreps and Morgan G I Langille and Joslynn Lee and Ruth Ley and Yong-Xin Liu and Erikka Loftfield and Catherine Lozupone and Massoud Maher and Clarisse Marotz and Bryan D Martin and Daniel McDonald and Lauren J McIver and Alexey V Melnik and Jessica L Metcalf and Sydney C Morgan and Jamie T Morton and Ahmad Turan Naimey and Jose A Navas-Molina and Louis Felix Nothias and Stephanie B Orchanian and Talima Pearson and Samuel L Peoples and Daniel Petras and Mary Lai Preuss and Elmar Pruesse and Lasse Buur Rasmussen and Adam Rivers and Michael S Robeson II and Patrick Rosenthal and Nicola Segata and Michael Shaffer and Arron Shiffer and Rashmi Sinha and Se Jin Song and John R Spear and Austin D Swafford and Luke R Thompson and Pedro J Torres and Pauline Trinh and Anupriya Tripathi and Peter J Turnbaugh and Sabah Ul-Hasan and Justin J J van der Hooft and Fernando Vargas and Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza and Emily Vogtmann and Max von Hippel and William Walters and Yunhu Wan and Mingxun Wang and Jonathan Warren and Kyle C Weber and Charles H D Williamson and Amy D Willis and Zhenjiang Zech Xu and Jesse R Zaneveld and Yilong Zhang and Qiyun Zhu and Rob Knight and J Gregory Caporaso}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-019-0209-9}, doi = {10.1038/s41587-019-0209-9}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-09}, journal = {Nature Biotechnology}, volume = {37}, number = {8}, pages = {852-857}, abstract = {Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This growing understanding relates to the vast diversity of microorganisms; how microbiota and microbiomes affect disease1 and medical treatment2; how microorganisms affect the health of the planet3; and the nascent exploration of the medical4, forensic5, environmental6 and agricultural7 applications of microbiome biotechnology. Much of this work has been driven by marker-gene surveys (for example, bacterial/archaeal 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal-transcribed-spacer regions and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes), which profile microbiota with varying degrees of taxonomic specificity and phylogenetic information. The field is now transitioning to integrate other data types, such as metabolite8, metaproteome9 or metatranscriptome profiles.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This growing understanding relates to the vast diversity of microorganisms; how microbiota and microbiomes affect disease1 and medical treatment2; how microorganisms affect the health of the planet3; and the nascent exploration of the medical4, forensic5, environmental6 and agricultural7 applications of microbiome biotechnology. Much of this work has been driven by marker-gene surveys (for example, bacterial/archaeal 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal-transcribed-spacer regions and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes), which profile microbiota with varying degrees of taxonomic specificity and phylogenetic information. The field is now transitioning to integrate other data types, such as metabolite8, metaproteome9 or metatranscriptome profiles. |
Ghazanfari, Behzad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Najarian, Kayvan; Mousavi, Sajad; Gryak, Jonathan; Todd, James An Unsupervised Feature Learning Approach to Reduce False Alarm Rate in ICUs Journal Article Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc., pp. 349-353, 2019. @article{Ghazanfari2019, title = {An Unsupervised Feature Learning Approach to Reduce False Alarm Rate in ICUs}, author = {Behzad Ghazanfari and Fatemeh Afghah and Kayvan Najarian and Sajad Mousavi and Jonathan Gryak and James Todd}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8857034}, doi = { 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857034}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-23}, journal = {Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.}, pages = {349-353}, abstract = {The high rate of false alarms in intensive care units (ICUs) is one of the top challenges of using medical technology in hospitals. These false alarms are often caused by patients' movements, detachment of monitoring sensors, or different sources of noise and interference that impact the collected signals from different monitoring devices. In this paper, we propose a novel set of high-level features based on unsupervised feature learning technique in order to effectively capture the characteristics of different arrhythmia in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and differentiate them from irregularity in signals due to different sources of signal disturbances. This unsupervised feature learning technique, first extracts a set of low-level features from all existing heart cycles of a patient, and then clusters these segments for each individual patient to provide a set of prominent high-level features. The objective of the clustering phase is to enable the classification method to differentiate between the high-level features extracted from normal and abnormal cycles (i.e., either due to arrhythmia or different sources of distortions in signal) in order to put more attention to the features extracted from abnormal portion of the signal that contribute to the alarm.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The high rate of false alarms in intensive care units (ICUs) is one of the top challenges of using medical technology in hospitals. These false alarms are often caused by patients' movements, detachment of monitoring sensors, or different sources of noise and interference that impact the collected signals from different monitoring devices. In this paper, we propose a novel set of high-level features based on unsupervised feature learning technique in order to effectively capture the characteristics of different arrhythmia in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and differentiate them from irregularity in signals due to different sources of signal disturbances. This unsupervised feature learning technique, first extracts a set of low-level features from all existing heart cycles of a patient, and then clusters these segments for each individual patient to provide a set of prominent high-level features. The objective of the clustering phase is to enable the classification method to differentiate between the high-level features extracted from normal and abnormal cycles (i.e., either due to arrhythmia or different sources of distortions in signal) in order to put more attention to the features extracted from abnormal portion of the signal that contribute to the alarm. |
Camplain, Ricky; Warren, Meghan; Baldwin, Julie A; Camplain, Carolyn; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; II, Robert Trotter T Epidemiology of Incarceration: Characterizing Jail Incarceration for Public Health Research Journal Article Epidemiology, 30 (4), pp. 561-568, 2019. @article{Camplain2019, title = {Epidemiology of Incarceration: Characterizing Jail Incarceration for Public Health Research}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Meghan Warren and Julie A Baldwin and Carolyn Camplain and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Robert T Trotter II}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2019/07000/Epidemiology_of_Incarceration__Characterizing_Jail.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/EDE.0000000000001021}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-01}, journal = {Epidemiology}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, pages = {561-568}, abstract = {Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to reincarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001 to 2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was one (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR = 0-5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR = 1-23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been reincarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B536.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to reincarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001 to 2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was one (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR = 0-5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR = 1-23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been reincarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B536. |
de Heer, Hendrik D; Bea, Jennifer; Kinslow, Brian; Thuraisingam, Ravina; Valdez, Luis; Yazzie, Etta; Schwartz, Anna L Development of a Culturally Relevant Physical Activity Intervention for Navajo Cancer Survivors Journal Article Collaborations: A Journal of Community-based Research and Practice, 2 (1), pp. 15, 2019. @article{deHeer2019b, title = {Development of a Culturally Relevant Physical Activity Intervention for Navajo Cancer Survivors}, author = {Hendrik D. de Heer and Jennifer Bea and Brian Kinslow and Ravina Thuraisingam and Luis Valdez and Etta Yazzie and Anna L. Schwartz}, url = {http://doi.org/10.33596/coll.40}, doi = {10.33596/coll.40}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-13}, journal = {Collaborations: A Journal of Community-based Research and Practice}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {15}, abstract = {Despite well-documented benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors, few interventions have been developed for Native American cancer survivors, the population with the poorest survival rates of any group. This paper describes the development and cultural adaptation of a physical activity intervention for Navajo cancer survivors using Intervention Mapping (IM). IM procedures were guided by the PEN-3 (Perceptions-Enablers-Nurturers) and Health Belief Models and informed by a qualitative study with 40 Navajo cancer survivors and family members. For each theoretical construct (perceived benefits, barriers, enablers of healthy behaviors, etc.), a measurable objective was identified. These objectives were then matched with intervention strategies. The IM process indicated the need for a highly culturally sensitive environment (site and providers), culturally acceptable measurements and materials, and integrating cultural and environmental activity preferences. Program objectives aligned directly with these areas. Intervention strategies included: (a) collaboration with providers sensitive to historical/cultural context and environmental barriers; (b) cultural adaptation of surveys, non-invasive physical measurements, no biospecimen storage; (c) materials, terminology and symbols embracing cultural values of return to harmony; (d) physical activities that are flexible and aligned with cultural preferences and environment/travel issues (e.g., outdoor walking; community and home-based options; portable, inexpensive resistance equipment; local resources; family/friends participation and more community cancer education); (e) clinical adaptations by site and symptoms. This study is the first to document the process of adaptation of a physical activity program for Navajo cancer survivors. Objectives and strategies incorporated via IM are expected to foster sustainability and enhance uptake, satisfaction, and adherence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Despite well-documented benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors, few interventions have been developed for Native American cancer survivors, the population with the poorest survival rates of any group. This paper describes the development and cultural adaptation of a physical activity intervention for Navajo cancer survivors using Intervention Mapping (IM). IM procedures were guided by the PEN-3 (Perceptions-Enablers-Nurturers) and Health Belief Models and informed by a qualitative study with 40 Navajo cancer survivors and family members. For each theoretical construct (perceived benefits, barriers, enablers of healthy behaviors, etc.), a measurable objective was identified. These objectives were then matched with intervention strategies. The IM process indicated the need for a highly culturally sensitive environment (site and providers), culturally acceptable measurements and materials, and integrating cultural and environmental activity preferences. Program objectives aligned directly with these areas. Intervention strategies included: (a) collaboration with providers sensitive to historical/cultural context and environmental barriers; (b) cultural adaptation of surveys, non-invasive physical measurements, no biospecimen storage; (c) materials, terminology and symbols embracing cultural values of return to harmony; (d) physical activities that are flexible and aligned with cultural preferences and environment/travel issues (e.g., outdoor walking; community and home-based options; portable, inexpensive resistance equipment; local resources; family/friends participation and more community cancer education); (e) clinical adaptations by site and symptoms. This study is the first to document the process of adaptation of a physical activity program for Navajo cancer survivors. Objectives and strategies incorporated via IM are expected to foster sustainability and enhance uptake, satisfaction, and adherence. |
Vigil-Hayes, Morgan; Collier, Ann Futterman; Castillo, Giovanni; Blackhorse, Davona; Awbery, Nikole; Abrahim, John-Paul Designing a Mobile Game That Develops Emotional Resiliency in Indian Country Journal Article Ext Abstr Hum Factors Computing Syst, 2019. @article{Vigil-Hayes2019, title = { Designing a Mobile Game That Develops Emotional Resiliency in Indian Country}, author = {Morgan Vigil-Hayes and Ann Futterman Collier and Giovanni Castillo and Davona Blackhorse and Nikole Awbery and John-Paul Abrahim}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290607.3312790}, doi = {10.1145/3290607.3312790}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-17}, journal = {Ext Abstr Hum Factors Computing Syst}, abstract = {Communities in Indian Country experience severe behavioral health inequities [11, 12]. Based on recent research investigating scalable behavioral health interventions and therapeutic best practices for Native American (NA) communities, we propose ARORA, a social and emotional learning intervention delivered over a networked mobile game that uses geosocial gaming mechanisms enhanced with augmented reality technology. Focusing on the Navajo community, we take a community-based participatory research approach to include NA psychologists, community health workers, and educators as co-designers of the intervention activities and gaming mechanisms. Critical questions involve the operation of the application across low-infrastructure landscapes as well scalability of design practices to be inclusive of the many diverse NA cultural communities in Indian Country.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Communities in Indian Country experience severe behavioral health inequities [11, 12]. Based on recent research investigating scalable behavioral health interventions and therapeutic best practices for Native American (NA) communities, we propose ARORA, a social and emotional learning intervention delivered over a networked mobile game that uses geosocial gaming mechanisms enhanced with augmented reality technology. Focusing on the Navajo community, we take a community-based participatory research approach to include NA psychologists, community health workers, and educators as co-designers of the intervention activities and gaming mechanisms. Critical questions involve the operation of the application across low-infrastructure landscapes as well scalability of design practices to be inclusive of the many diverse NA cultural communities in Indian Country. |
Bartee, David; Sanders, Sara; Phillips, Paul D; Harrison, Mackenzie J; Koppisch, Andrew T; Meyers, Caren Freel L Enamide Prodrugs of Acetyl Phosphonate Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Inhibitors as Potent Antibacterial Agents Journal Article ACS Infect. Dis, 5 (3), pp. 406-417, 2019. @article{Bartee2019, title = {Enamide Prodrugs of Acetyl Phosphonate Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Inhibitors as Potent Antibacterial Agents}, author = {David Bartee and Sara Sanders and Paul D Phillips and Mackenzie J Harrison and Andrew T Koppisch and Caren L Freel Meyers}, url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00307}, doi = {10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00307}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-08}, journal = {ACS Infect. Dis}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {406-417}, abstract = {To fight the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics are required that target essential bacterial processes other than protein, DNA/RNA, and cell wall synthesis, which constitute the majority of currently used antibiotics. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) synthase is a vital enzyme in bacterial central metabolism, feeding into the de novo synthesis of thiamine diphosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, and essential isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. While potent and selective inhibitors of DXP synthase in vitro activity have been discovered, their antibacterial activity is modest. To improve the antibacterial activity of selective alkyl acetylphosphonate (alkylAP) inhibitors of DXP synthase, we synthesized peptidic enamide prodrugs of alkylAPs inspired by the natural product dehydrophos, a prodrug of methyl acetylphosphonate. This prodrug strategy achieves dramatic increases in activity against Gram-negative pathogens for two alkylAPs, butyl acetylphosphonate and homopropargyl acetylphosphonate, decreasing minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli by 33- and nearly 2000-fold, respectively. Antimicrobial studies and LC-MS/MS analysis of alkylAP-treated E. coli establish that the increased potency of prodrugs is due to increased accumulation of alkylAP inhibitors of DXP synthase via transport of the prodrug through the OppA peptide permease and subsequent amide hydrolysis. This work demonstrates the promise of targeting DXP synthase for the development of novel antibacterial agents.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To fight the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics are required that target essential bacterial processes other than protein, DNA/RNA, and cell wall synthesis, which constitute the majority of currently used antibiotics. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) synthase is a vital enzyme in bacterial central metabolism, feeding into the de novo synthesis of thiamine diphosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, and essential isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. While potent and selective inhibitors of DXP synthase in vitro activity have been discovered, their antibacterial activity is modest. To improve the antibacterial activity of selective alkyl acetylphosphonate (alkylAP) inhibitors of DXP synthase, we synthesized peptidic enamide prodrugs of alkylAPs inspired by the natural product dehydrophos, a prodrug of methyl acetylphosphonate. This prodrug strategy achieves dramatic increases in activity against Gram-negative pathogens for two alkylAPs, butyl acetylphosphonate and homopropargyl acetylphosphonate, decreasing minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli by 33- and nearly 2000-fold, respectively. Antimicrobial studies and LC-MS/MS analysis of alkylAP-treated E. coli establish that the increased potency of prodrugs is due to increased accumulation of alkylAP inhibitors of DXP synthase via transport of the prodrug through the OppA peptide permease and subsequent amide hydrolysis. This work demonstrates the promise of targeting DXP synthase for the development of novel antibacterial agents. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Acharya, U.Rajendra SleepEEGNet: Automated sleep stage scoring with sequence to sequence deep learning approach Journal Article PLoS One, 14 (5), 2019. @article{Mousavi2019, title = {SleepEEGNet: Automated sleep stage scoring with sequence to sequence deep learning approach}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Fatemeh Afghah and U.Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0216456}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0216456}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-07}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, abstract = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common base signal used to monitor brain activities and diagnose sleep disorders. Manual sleep stage scoring is a time-consuming task for sleep experts and is limited by inter-rater reliability. In this paper, we propose an automatic sleep stage annotation method called SleepEEGNet using a single-channel EEG signal. The SleepEEGNet is composed of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract time-invariant features, frequency information, and a sequence to sequence model to capture the complex and long short-term context dependencies between sleep epochs and scores. In addition, to reduce the effect of the class imbalance problem presented in the available sleep datasets, we applied novel loss functions to have an equal misclassified error for each sleep stage while training the network. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method on different single-EEG channels (i.e., Fpz-Cz and Pz-Oz EEG channels) from the Physionet Sleep-EDF datasets published in 2013 and 2018. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the best annotation performance compared to current literature, with an overall accuracy of 84.26%, a macro F1-score of 79.66% and κ = 0.79. Our developed model can be applied to other sleep EEG signals and aid the sleep specialists to arrive at an accurate diagnosis}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common base signal used to monitor brain activities and diagnose sleep disorders. Manual sleep stage scoring is a time-consuming task for sleep experts and is limited by inter-rater reliability. In this paper, we propose an automatic sleep stage annotation method called SleepEEGNet using a single-channel EEG signal. The SleepEEGNet is composed of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract time-invariant features, frequency information, and a sequence to sequence model to capture the complex and long short-term context dependencies between sleep epochs and scores. In addition, to reduce the effect of the class imbalance problem presented in the available sleep datasets, we applied novel loss functions to have an equal misclassified error for each sleep stage while training the network. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method on different single-EEG channels (i.e., Fpz-Cz and Pz-Oz EEG channels) from the Physionet Sleep-EDF datasets published in 2013 and 2018. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the best annotation performance compared to current literature, with an overall accuracy of 84.26%, a macro F1-score of 79.66% and κ = 0.79. Our developed model can be applied to other sleep EEG signals and aid the sleep specialists to arrive at an accurate diagnosis |
Camplain, Ricky; Baldwin, Julie A; Warren, Meghan; Camplain, Carolyn; Lininger, Monica R; Trotter, Robert T Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue Journal Article Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16 (5), pp. 306–307, 2019. @article{Camplain2019b, title = {Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Julie A Baldwin and Meghan Warren and Carolyn Camplain and Monica R Lininger and Robert T Trotter}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0055}, doi = {10.1123/jpah.2019-0055}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-01}, journal = {Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, pages = {306–307}, abstract = {Every year, approximately 12 million Americans cycle in and out of jail (ie, short-term facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial and/or sentenced to a term of less than 1 y).1 Although jails allow incarcerated individuals’ recreation time to engage in physical activity,2 it is not clear to what extent these opportunities are utilized. This potential lack of engagement in physical activity is concerning, especially as some of the benefits of physical activity are immediate and may improve the day-to-day life for those who are incarcerated. For example, a single bout of moderate to vigorous physical activity will reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, improve sleep and cognition, and reduce symptoms of anxiety symptoms and anger.3 Unfortunately, use of recreation time in the jail setting has not been described previously, thereby precluding an important area for policy intervention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Every year, approximately 12 million Americans cycle in and out of jail (ie, short-term facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial and/or sentenced to a term of less than 1 y).1 Although jails allow incarcerated individuals’ recreation time to engage in physical activity,2 it is not clear to what extent these opportunities are utilized. This potential lack of engagement in physical activity is concerning, especially as some of the benefits of physical activity are immediate and may improve the day-to-day life for those who are incarcerated. For example, a single bout of moderate to vigorous physical activity will reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, improve sleep and cognition, and reduce symptoms of anxiety symptoms and anger.3 Unfortunately, use of recreation time in the jail setting has not been described previously, thereby precluding an important area for policy intervention. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh Inter-and intra-patient ECG heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection: a sequence to sequence deep learning approach Journal Article IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1308-1312, 2019. @article{Mousavi2019b, title = {Inter-and intra-patient ECG heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection: a sequence to sequence deep learning approach}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8683140}, doi = {10.1109/icassp.2019.8683140}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-17}, journal = {IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing}, pages = {1308-1312}, abstract = {Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a common and powerful tool to study heart function and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias. While there have been remarkable improvements in cardiac arrhythmia classification methods, they still cannot offer acceptable performance in detecting different heart conditions, especially when dealing with imbalanced datasets. In this paper, we propose a solution to address this limitation of current classification approaches by developing an automatic heartbeat classification method using deep convolutional neural networks and sequence to sequence models. We evaluated the proposed method on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, considering the intra-patient and inter-patient paradigms, and the AAMI EC57 standard. The evaluation results for both paradigms show that our method achieves the best performance in the literature (a positive predictive value of 96.46% and sensitivity of 100% for the category S, and a positive predictive value of 98.68% and sensitivity of 97.40% for the category F for the intra-patient scheme; a positive predictive value of 92.57% and sensitivity of 88.94% for the category S, and a positive predictive value of 99.50% and sensitivity of 99.94% for the category V for the inter-patient scheme.). The source code is available at https://github.com/SajadMo/ECG-Heartbeat-Classification-seq2seq-model.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a common and powerful tool to study heart function and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias. While there have been remarkable improvements in cardiac arrhythmia classification methods, they still cannot offer acceptable performance in detecting different heart conditions, especially when dealing with imbalanced datasets. In this paper, we propose a solution to address this limitation of current classification approaches by developing an automatic heartbeat classification method using deep convolutional neural networks and sequence to sequence models. We evaluated the proposed method on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, considering the intra-patient and inter-patient paradigms, and the AAMI EC57 standard. The evaluation results for both paradigms show that our method achieves the best performance in the literature (a positive predictive value of 96.46% and sensitivity of 100% for the category S, and a positive predictive value of 98.68% and sensitivity of 97.40% for the category F for the intra-patient scheme; a positive predictive value of 92.57% and sensitivity of 88.94% for the category S, and a positive predictive value of 99.50% and sensitivity of 99.94% for the category V for the inter-patient scheme.). The source code is available at https://github.com/SajadMo/ECG-Heartbeat-Classification-seq2seq-model. |
Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Rahman, Momotazur; Mukamel, Dana; Mor, Vincent; Trivedi, Amal Quality of Post-Acute Care in Skilled Nursing Facilities That Disproportionately Serve Black and Hispanic Patients Journal Article The Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 74 (5), pp. 689-697, 2019. @article{Rivera-Hernandez2019, title = {Quality of Post-Acute Care in Skilled Nursing Facilities That Disproportionately Serve Black and Hispanic Patients}, author = {Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Momotazur Rahman and Dana Mukamel and Vincent Mor and Amal Trivedi}, url = {https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc6477650}, doi = {10.1093/gerona/gly089}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-01}, journal = {The Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences}, volume = {74}, number = {5}, pages = {689-697}, abstract = {Understanding and addressing racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of post-acute care in skilled nursing facilities is an important health policy issue, particularly as the Medicare program initiates value-based payments for these institutions.Our final cohort included 649,187 Medicare beneficiaries in either the fee-for-service or Medicare Advantage programs, who were 65 and older and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility following an acute hospital stay, from 8,375 skilled nursing facilities. We examined the quality of care in skilled nursing facilities that disproportionately serve minority patients compared to non-Hispanic whites. Three measures, all calculated at the level of the facility, were used to assess quality of care in skilled nursing facilities: (a) 30-day rehospitalization rate; (b) successful discharge from the facility to the community; and (c) Medicare five-star quality ratings. We found that African American post-acute patients are highly concentrated in a small number of institutions, with 28% of facilities accounting for 80% of all post-acute admissions for African American patients. Similarly, just 20% of facilities accounted for 80% of all admissions for Hispanics. Skilled nursing facilities with higher fractions of African American patients had worse performance for three publicly reported quality measures: rehospitalization, successful discharge to the community, and the star rating indicator.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding and addressing racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of post-acute care in skilled nursing facilities is an important health policy issue, particularly as the Medicare program initiates value-based payments for these institutions.Our final cohort included 649,187 Medicare beneficiaries in either the fee-for-service or Medicare Advantage programs, who were 65 and older and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility following an acute hospital stay, from 8,375 skilled nursing facilities. We examined the quality of care in skilled nursing facilities that disproportionately serve minority patients compared to non-Hispanic whites. Three measures, all calculated at the level of the facility, were used to assess quality of care in skilled nursing facilities: (a) 30-day rehospitalization rate; (b) successful discharge from the facility to the community; and (c) Medicare five-star quality ratings. We found that African American post-acute patients are highly concentrated in a small number of institutions, with 28% of facilities accounting for 80% of all post-acute admissions for African American patients. Similarly, just 20% of facilities accounted for 80% of all admissions for Hispanics. Skilled nursing facilities with higher fractions of African American patients had worse performance for three publicly reported quality measures: rehospitalization, successful discharge to the community, and the star rating indicator. |
de Heer, Hendrik; Kinslow, Brian; Lane, Taylor; Tuckman, Ron; Warren, Meghan Only 1 in 10 Patients Told to Lose Weight Seek Help From a Health Professional: A Nationally Representative Sample Journal Article American Journal of Health Promotion, 2019. @article{deHeer2019, title = {Only 1 in 10 Patients Told to Lose Weight Seek Help From a Health Professional: A Nationally Representative Sample}, author = {Hendrik de Heer and Brian Kinslow and Taylor Lane and Ron Tuckman and Meghan Warren}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0890117119839904}, doi = {10.1177/0890117119839904}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-28}, journal = {American Journal of Health Promotion}, abstract = {Receiving weight loss advice from a health-care provider has been associated with more weight loss efforts and greater odds of achieving weight loss. However, whether patients seek help from their provider or other health professional with weight loss after receiving advice from them to lose weight is largely unknown.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Receiving weight loss advice from a health-care provider has been associated with more weight loss efforts and greater odds of achieving weight loss. However, whether patients seek help from their provider or other health professional with weight loss after receiving advice from them to lose weight is largely unknown. |
Parsons, Michelle Anne; Barger, Steven D The US Mortality Crisis: An Examination of Non-Hispanic White Mortality and Morbidity in Yavapai County, Arizona Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 44 , pp. 661-667, 2019. @article{Parsons2019, title = {The US Mortality Crisis: An Examination of Non-Hispanic White Mortality and Morbidity in Yavapai County, Arizona}, author = {Michelle Anne Parsons and Steven D Barger}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-019-00648-3}, doi = {10.1007/s10900-019-00648-3}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-15}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, volume = {44}, pages = {661-667}, abstract = {Midlife non-Hispanic white mortality in the United States is rising, particularly in small metro and rural counties. This article responds to calls for county-level studies. We examine social determinants of morbidity and mortality among adult non-Hispanic whites in Yavapai County, Arizona, as part of an integrative study. We report overall mortality trends in Yavapai County using CDC Wonder data and then examine social determinants of reported physical health and mental distress in Yavapai County data using 6 years (2011-2016) of the Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS includes 1,024 non-Hispanic white respondents aged 25-64. We also present data from the recently established Yavapai County Overdose Fatality Review Board (YCOFRB). Mortality trends indicate that suicide and drug and alcohol-related mortality have all increased since 1999. These increases affect all 5-year age groups from 25 to 64 and both men and women. BRFSS data show that low education and unemployment, but not number of children or home ownership, are significantly associated with worse reported health and frequent mental distress in multivariate analyses. The YCOFRB point to the importance of homelessness and mental health. The mortality crisis in Yavapai County is not restricted to midlife or to drug-related deaths. The unemployed and those with low levels of education are particularly at risk. There is a need for integrative approaches that use local data to elucidate social determinants of morbidity and mortality and to reveal structural determinants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Midlife non-Hispanic white mortality in the United States is rising, particularly in small metro and rural counties. This article responds to calls for county-level studies. We examine social determinants of morbidity and mortality among adult non-Hispanic whites in Yavapai County, Arizona, as part of an integrative study. We report overall mortality trends in Yavapai County using CDC Wonder data and then examine social determinants of reported physical health and mental distress in Yavapai County data using 6 years (2011-2016) of the Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS includes 1,024 non-Hispanic white respondents aged 25-64. We also present data from the recently established Yavapai County Overdose Fatality Review Board (YCOFRB). Mortality trends indicate that suicide and drug and alcohol-related mortality have all increased since 1999. These increases affect all 5-year age groups from 25 to 64 and both men and women. BRFSS data show that low education and unemployment, but not number of children or home ownership, are significantly associated with worse reported health and frequent mental distress in multivariate analyses. The YCOFRB point to the importance of homelessness and mental health. The mortality crisis in Yavapai County is not restricted to midlife or to drug-related deaths. The unemployed and those with low levels of education are particularly at risk. There is a need for integrative approaches that use local data to elucidate social determinants of morbidity and mortality and to reveal structural determinants. |
Ofili, Elizabeth O; Tchounwou, Paul B; Fernandez-Repollet, Emma; Yanagihara, Richard; Akintobi, Tabia H; Lee, Jae E; Malouhi, Mohamad; Jr, Solomon Garner T; Hayes, Traci T; Baker, Almelida R; 2nd, Andrew Dent L; Abdelrahim, Muna; Rollins, Latrice; Chang, Sandra P; Sy, Angela; Hernandez, Brenda Y; Bullard, Pamela L; Jr, Richard Noel J; Shiramizu, Bruce; Hedges, Jerris R; Berry, Marla J; Bond, Vincent C; Lima, Maria F; Mokuau, Noreen; Kirken, Robert A; Cruz-Correa, Marcia; Sarpong, Daniel F; Vadgama, Jaydutt; Yates, Clayton; Kahn, Shafiq A; Soliman, Karam F; Perry, George; Pezzano, Mark; Luciano, Carlos A; Barnett, Edwina M; Oyekan, Adebayo; Kumar, Deepak; Norris, Keith C Ethnicity and Disease, 29 (1), 2019. @article{Ofili2019, title = {The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Translational Research Network: Building and Sustaining Capacity for Multi-Site Basic Biomedical, Clinical and Behavioral Research}, author = {Elizabeth O Ofili and Paul B Tchounwou and Emma Fernandez-Repollet and Richard Yanagihara and Tabia H Akintobi and Jae E Lee and Mohamad Malouhi and Solomon T Garner Jr and Traci T Hayes and Almelida R Baker and Andrew L Dent 2nd and Muna Abdelrahim and Latrice Rollins and Sandra P Chang and Angela Sy and Brenda Y Hernandez and Pamela L Bullard and Richard J Noel Jr and Bruce Shiramizu and Jerris R Hedges and Marla J Berry and Vincent C Bond and Maria F Lima and Noreen Mokuau and Robert A Kirken and Marcia Cruz-Correa and Daniel F Sarpong and Jaydutt Vadgama and Clayton Yates and Shafiq A Kahn and Karam F Soliman and George Perry and Mark Pezzano and Carlos A Luciano and M Edwina Barnett and Adebayo Oyekan and Deepak Kumar and Keith C Norris}, url = {https://www.ethndis.org/edonline/index.php/ethndis/article/view/1066}, doi = {10.18865/ed.29.S1.135}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {Ethnicity and Disease}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, abstract = {The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program was established by the US Congress to support the development of biomedical research infrastructure at minority-serving institutions granting doctoral degrees in the health professions or in a health-related science. RCMI institutions also conduct research on diseases that disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities (ie, African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Hispanics, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders), those of low socioeconomic status, and rural persons. Quantitative metrics, including the numbers of doctoral science degrees granted to underrepresented students, NIH peer-reviewed research funding, peer-reviewed publications, and numbers of racial and ethnic minorities participating in sponsored research, demonstrate that RCMI grantee institutions have made substantial progress toward the intent of the Congressional legislation, as well as the NIH/NIMHD-linked goals of addressing workforce diversity and health disparities. Despite this progress, nationally, many challenges remain, including persistent disparities in research and career development awards to minority investigators. The continuing underrepresentation of minority investigators in NIH-sponsored research across multiple disease areas is of concern, in the face of unrelenting national health inequities. With the collaborative network support by the RCMI Translational Research Network (RTRN), the RCMI community is uniquely positioned to address these challenges through its community engagement and strategic partnerships with non-RCMI institutions. Funding agencies can play an important role by incentivizing such collaborations, and incorporating metrics for research funding that address underrepresented populations, workforce diversity and health equity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program was established by the US Congress to support the development of biomedical research infrastructure at minority-serving institutions granting doctoral degrees in the health professions or in a health-related science. RCMI institutions also conduct research on diseases that disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities (ie, African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Hispanics, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders), those of low socioeconomic status, and rural persons. Quantitative metrics, including the numbers of doctoral science degrees granted to underrepresented students, NIH peer-reviewed research funding, peer-reviewed publications, and numbers of racial and ethnic minorities participating in sponsored research, demonstrate that RCMI grantee institutions have made substantial progress toward the intent of the Congressional legislation, as well as the NIH/NIMHD-linked goals of addressing workforce diversity and health disparities. Despite this progress, nationally, many challenges remain, including persistent disparities in research and career development awards to minority investigators. The continuing underrepresentation of minority investigators in NIH-sponsored research across multiple disease areas is of concern, in the face of unrelenting national health inequities. With the collaborative network support by the RCMI Translational Research Network (RTRN), the RCMI community is uniquely positioned to address these challenges through its community engagement and strategic partnerships with non-RCMI institutions. Funding agencies can play an important role by incentivizing such collaborations, and incorporating metrics for research funding that address underrepresented populations, workforce diversity and health equity. |
2018 |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Schwartz, Anna L; Hardy, Lisa J; de Heer, Hendrik D; Williamson, Heather J; Dunn, Dorothy J; Polingyumptewa, Kellen; Chief, Carmenlita Supporting New Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (1), 2018. @article{Teufel-Shone2018, title = {Supporting New Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships}, author = {Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Anna L Schwartz and Lisa J Hardy and Hendrik D de Heer and Heather J Williamson and Dorothy J Dunn and Kellen Polingyumptewa and Carmenlita Chief}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010044}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16010044}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-25}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, abstract = {Marginalized communities have a documented distrust of research grounded in negative portrayals in the academic literature. Yet, trusted partnerships, the foundation for Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), require time to build the capacity for joint decision-making, equitable involvement of academically trained and community investigators, and co-learning. Trust can be difficult to develop within the short time between a funding opportunity announcement and application submission. Resources to support community- and academic-based investigators' time to discuss contexts, concerns, integration of expertise and locally acceptable research designs and data collection are limited. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded Center for American Indian Resilience and the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative have implemented an internal funding mechanism to support community and academic-based investigators' travel cost and time to discuss complementary areas of interest and skills and to decide if moving forward with a partnership and a collaborative grant proposal would be beneficial to the community. The rationale and administration of this Community-Campus Partnership Support (CCPS) Program are described and four examples of supported efforts are provided. Centers and training programs frequently fund pilot grants to support junior investigators and/or exploratory research. This CCPS mechanism should be considered as precursor to pilot work, to stimulate partnership building without the pressure of an approaching grant application deadline. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Marginalized communities have a documented distrust of research grounded in negative portrayals in the academic literature. Yet, trusted partnerships, the foundation for Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), require time to build the capacity for joint decision-making, equitable involvement of academically trained and community investigators, and co-learning. Trust can be difficult to develop within the short time between a funding opportunity announcement and application submission. Resources to support community- and academic-based investigators' time to discuss contexts, concerns, integration of expertise and locally acceptable research designs and data collection are limited. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded Center for American Indian Resilience and the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative have implemented an internal funding mechanism to support community and academic-based investigators' travel cost and time to discuss complementary areas of interest and skills and to decide if moving forward with a partnership and a collaborative grant proposal would be beneficial to the community. The rationale and administration of this Community-Campus Partnership Support (CCPS) Program are described and four examples of supported efforts are provided. Centers and training programs frequently fund pilot grants to support junior investigators and/or exploratory research. This CCPS mechanism should be considered as precursor to pilot work, to stimulate partnership building without the pressure of an approaching grant application deadline. |
Trotter, Robert T; Lininger, Monica R; Camplain, Ricky; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Camplain, Carolyn; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (11), 2018. @article{Trotter2018, title = {A Survey of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Converging Morbidities in a County Jail: A Cultural-Ecological Assessment of Health Conditions in Jail Populations}, author = {Robert T Trotter and Monica R Lininger and Ricky Camplain and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Carolyn Camplain and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112500}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph15112500}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-08}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {15}, number = {11}, abstract = {The environmental health status of jail populations in the United States constitutes a significant public health threat for prisoners and the general population. The ecology of jails creates a dynamic condition in relation to general population health due to the concentrated potential exposure to infectious diseases, difficult access to treatment for chronic health conditions, interruption in continuity of care for serious behavioral health conditions, as well as on-going issues for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders. This paper reports on elements of a cross-sectional survey embedded in a parent project, "Health Disparities in Jail Populations." The overall project includes a comprehensive secondary data analysis of the health status of county jail populations, along with primary data collection that includes a cross-sectional health and health care services survey of incarcerated individuals, coupled with collection of biological samples to investigate infectious disease characteristics of a county jail population. This paper reports on the primary results of the survey data collection that indicate that this is a population with complex and interacting co-morbidities, as well as significant health disparities compared to the general population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The environmental health status of jail populations in the United States constitutes a significant public health threat for prisoners and the general population. The ecology of jails creates a dynamic condition in relation to general population health due to the concentrated potential exposure to infectious diseases, difficult access to treatment for chronic health conditions, interruption in continuity of care for serious behavioral health conditions, as well as on-going issues for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders. This paper reports on elements of a cross-sectional survey embedded in a parent project, "Health Disparities in Jail Populations." The overall project includes a comprehensive secondary data analysis of the health status of county jail populations, along with primary data collection that includes a cross-sectional health and health care services survey of incarcerated individuals, coupled with collection of biological samples to investigate infectious disease characteristics of a county jail population. This paper reports on the primary results of the survey data collection that indicate that this is a population with complex and interacting co-morbidities, as well as significant health disparities compared to the general population. |
Trotter, Robert T; Camplain, Ricky; Eaves, Emery R; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Dmitrieva, Natalia O; Hepp1, Crystal M; Warren, Meghan; Barrios, Brianna A; Pagel, Nicole; Mayer, Alyssa; Baldwin, Julie A Health Disparities and Converging Epidemics in Jail Populations: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study Journal Article JMIR Research Protocols, 7 (10), 2018. @article{Trotter24.1, title = {Health Disparities and Converging Epidemics in Jail Populations: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study}, author = {Robert T Trotter and Ricky Camplain and Emery R Eaves and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Natalia O Dmitrieva and Crystal M Hepp1 and Meghan Warren and Brianna A Barrios and Nicole Pagel and Alyssa Mayer and Julie A Baldwin}, doi = {10.2196/10337}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocols}, volume = {7}, number = {10}, abstract = {Incarcerated populations have increased in the last 20 years and >12 million individuals cycle in and out of jails each year. Previous research has predominately focused on the prison population. However, a substantial gap exists in understanding the health, well-being, and health care utilization patterns in jail populations. This pilot study has 5 main objectives: (1) define recidivists of the jail system, individuals characterized by high incarceration rates; (2) describe and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of incarcerated individuals; (3) identify jail-associated health disparities; (4) estimate associations between incarceration and health; and (5) describe model patterns in health care and jail utilization. To date, we have permission to link data across acquired databases. We have initiated data transfer, protection, and initial assessment of the 6 secondary databases. Of 199 inmates consented and enrolled, we have permission from 97.0% (193/199) to access and link electronic medical and incarceration records to their survey responses, and 95.0% (189/199) of interviewed inmates have given nasal and buccal swabs for analysis of S. aureus and the dental microbiome.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Incarcerated populations have increased in the last 20 years and >12 million individuals cycle in and out of jails each year. Previous research has predominately focused on the prison population. However, a substantial gap exists in understanding the health, well-being, and health care utilization patterns in jail populations. This pilot study has 5 main objectives: (1) define recidivists of the jail system, individuals characterized by high incarceration rates; (2) describe and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of incarcerated individuals; (3) identify jail-associated health disparities; (4) estimate associations between incarceration and health; and (5) describe model patterns in health care and jail utilization. To date, we have permission to link data across acquired databases. We have initiated data transfer, protection, and initial assessment of the 6 secondary databases. Of 199 inmates consented and enrolled, we have permission from 97.0% (193/199) to access and link electronic medical and incarceration records to their survey responses, and 95.0% (189/199) of interviewed inmates have given nasal and buccal swabs for analysis of S. aureus and the dental microbiome. |
Varadaraj, Archana; Magdaleno, Carina; Mythreye, Karthikeyan Deoxycholate Fractionation of Fibronectin (FN) and Biotinylation Assay to Measure Recycled FN Fibrils in Epithelial Cells Journal Article Bio-protocol, 8 (16), 2018. @article{Varadaraj2018, title = {Deoxycholate Fractionation of Fibronectin (FN) and Biotinylation Assay to Measure Recycled FN Fibrils in Epithelial Cells}, author = {Archana Varadaraj and Carina Magdaleno and Karthikeyan Mythreye}, url = {https://bio-protocol.org/e2972}, doi = {10.21769/BioProtoc.2972}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-20}, journal = {Bio-protocol}, volume = {8}, number = {16}, abstract = {Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is secreted by many cell types and binds predominantly to the cell surface receptor Integrin α5β1. Integrin α5β1 binding initiates the step-wise assembly of FN into fibrils, a process called fibrillogenesis. We and several others have demonstrated critical effects of fibrillogenesis on cell migration and metastasis. While immunostaining and microscopy methods help visualize FN incorporation into fibrils, with each fibril being at least 3 μm in length, the first study that developed a method to biochemically fractionate FN to quantify fibril incorporated FN was published by Jean Schwarzbauer's group in 1996. Our protocol was adapted from the original publication, and has been tested on multiple cell types including as shown here in MCF10A mammary epithelial and Caki-1 renal cancer epithelial cells. Using two detergent extractions, cellular FN is separated into detergent insoluble or fibril incorporated FN and soluble FN or unincorporated fractions. To determine whether fibrillogenesis utilizes a recycled pool of FN, we have used a Biotin labeled FN (FN-Biotin) recycling assay, that has been modified from a previous study. Using a combination of the recycling assay and deoxycholate fractionation methods, one can quantitatively demonstrate the extent of fibrillogenesis in cells under different experimental conditions and determine the source of FN for fibrillogenesis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is secreted by many cell types and binds predominantly to the cell surface receptor Integrin α5β1. Integrin α5β1 binding initiates the step-wise assembly of FN into fibrils, a process called fibrillogenesis. We and several others have demonstrated critical effects of fibrillogenesis on cell migration and metastasis. While immunostaining and microscopy methods help visualize FN incorporation into fibrils, with each fibril being at least 3 μm in length, the first study that developed a method to biochemically fractionate FN to quantify fibril incorporated FN was published by Jean Schwarzbauer's group in 1996. Our protocol was adapted from the original publication, and has been tested on multiple cell types including as shown here in MCF10A mammary epithelial and Caki-1 renal cancer epithelial cells. Using two detergent extractions, cellular FN is separated into detergent insoluble or fibril incorporated FN and soluble FN or unincorporated fractions. To determine whether fibrillogenesis utilizes a recycled pool of FN, we have used a Biotin labeled FN (FN-Biotin) recycling assay, that has been modified from a previous study. Using a combination of the recycling assay and deoxycholate fractionation methods, one can quantitatively demonstrate the extent of fibrillogenesis in cells under different experimental conditions and determine the source of FN for fibrillogenesis. |
Pinto, Bronson I; Lujan, Oscar R; Ramos, Stephan A; Propper, Catherine R; Kellar, Robert S Estrogen Mitigates the Negative Effects of Arsenic Contamination in an In Vitro Wound Model Journal Article Applied In Vitro Toxicology, 4 (1), 2018. @article{Pinto2018, title = {Estrogen Mitigates the Negative Effects of Arsenic Contamination in an In Vitro Wound Model}, author = {Bronson I Pinto and Oscar R Lujan and Stephan A Ramos and Catherine R Propper and Robert S Kellar}, url = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/aivt.2017.0020}, doi = {10.1089/aivt.2017.0020}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-01}, journal = {Applied In Vitro Toxicology}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |