NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Burton, Donna L; Lubotsky, Bruce; Massey, LevinTom; Baldwin, Julie A; Williamson, Heather J Innovative Graduate Research Education for Advancement of Implementation Science in Adolescent Behavioral Health Journal Article Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 43 (2), pp. 172-186, 2016. @article{Burton2016, title = {Innovative Graduate Research Education for Advancement of Implementation Science in Adolescent Behavioral Health}, author = {Donna L Burton and Bruce Lubotsky and LevinTom Massey and Julie A Baldwin and Heather J Williamson}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26746638}, doi = {10.1007/s11414-015-9494-3}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-01}, journal = {Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {172-186}, abstract = {An innovative approach to research education that integrates the theory and principles of implementation science, participatory research, and service learning in the area of adolescent behavioral health is presented. Qualitative interviews and surveys of program participants have been conducted to assess the program's curricula, service-learning partnerships, student (scholar) satisfaction, and views of community partnerships and academic mentors. The Institute has experienced the successful completion of its first and second cohorts and enrollment of a third cohort of scholars. Community partners are utilizing results of service-learning projects to influence agency operations. Institute scholars have identified research and service learning experiences as key factors in the decision to apply to the Institute graduate certificate program. The availability of tuition support is identified as valuable but not ranked as the most important reason for scholar interest in the program. Academic mentors report positive relationships with community agencies. Future iterations of the program will expand options for distance learning and alternatives to traditional graduate education for community-based scholars. Community partner agency capacity for participation is expected to change over time. Methods are being identified to both sustain existing partnerships and develop new community partnership relationships.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An innovative approach to research education that integrates the theory and principles of implementation science, participatory research, and service learning in the area of adolescent behavioral health is presented. Qualitative interviews and surveys of program participants have been conducted to assess the program's curricula, service-learning partnerships, student (scholar) satisfaction, and views of community partnerships and academic mentors. The Institute has experienced the successful completion of its first and second cohorts and enrollment of a third cohort of scholars. Community partners are utilizing results of service-learning projects to influence agency operations. Institute scholars have identified research and service learning experiences as key factors in the decision to apply to the Institute graduate certificate program. The availability of tuition support is identified as valuable but not ranked as the most important reason for scholar interest in the program. Academic mentors report positive relationships with community agencies. Future iterations of the program will expand options for distance learning and alternatives to traditional graduate education for community-based scholars. Community partner agency capacity for participation is expected to change over time. Methods are being identified to both sustain existing partnerships and develop new community partnership relationships. |
Meyer, Michelle L; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Patel, Mehul D; Camplain, Ricky; Couper, David; Cheng, Susan; Qunaibet, Ada Al; Poon, Anna K; Heiss, Gerardo Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Journal Article American Journal of Hypertension, 29 (4), pp. 470-475, 2016. @article{Meyer2016b, title = {Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study}, author = {Michelle L Meyer and Hirofumi Tanaka and Priya Palta and Mehul D Patel and Ricky Camplain and David Couper and Susan Cheng and Ada Al Qunaibet and Anna K Poon and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850900/}, doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpv127}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-01}, journal = {American Journal of Hypertension}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {470-475}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness measures are emerging tools for risk assessment and stratification for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is an established measure of central arterial stiffness. Other measures of PWV include femoral-ankle (faPWV), a measure of peripheral stiffness, and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), a composite measure of central and peripheral stiffness. Repeatability of central, peripheral, and composite PWV measures has not been adequately examined or compared. METHODS Participants (n = 79; mean age 75.7 years; USA) from a repeatability study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study visit 5 (2011–2013) underwent 2 standardized visits, 4–8 weeks apart. Trained technicians obtained 2 PWV measurements at each visit using the VP-1000 Plus system. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SE of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC95; 95% confidence interval) and difference (MDD). RESULTS The ICCs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 0.70 (0.59, 0.81) for cfPWV, 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) for baPWV, and 0.69 (0.59, 0.79) for faPWV. The MDC95 between repeat measures within an individual was 411.0cm/s for cfPWV, 370.6cm/s for baPWV, and 301.4cm/s for faPWV. The MDD for 2 independent samples of 100 per group was 139.3cm/s for cfPWV, 172.3cm/s for baPWV, and 100.4cm/s for faPWV. CONCLUSIONS Repeatability was acceptable for all PWV measures in a multicenter, population-based study of older adults and supports its use in epidemiologic studies. Quantifying PWV measurement variation is critical for applications to risk assessment and stratification and eventual translation to clinical practice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness measures are emerging tools for risk assessment and stratification for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is an established measure of central arterial stiffness. Other measures of PWV include femoral-ankle (faPWV), a measure of peripheral stiffness, and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), a composite measure of central and peripheral stiffness. Repeatability of central, peripheral, and composite PWV measures has not been adequately examined or compared. METHODS Participants (n = 79; mean age 75.7 years; USA) from a repeatability study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study visit 5 (2011–2013) underwent 2 standardized visits, 4–8 weeks apart. Trained technicians obtained 2 PWV measurements at each visit using the VP-1000 Plus system. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SE of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC95; 95% confidence interval) and difference (MDD). RESULTS The ICCs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 0.70 (0.59, 0.81) for cfPWV, 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) for baPWV, and 0.69 (0.59, 0.79) for faPWV. The MDC95 between repeat measures within an individual was 411.0cm/s for cfPWV, 370.6cm/s for baPWV, and 301.4cm/s for faPWV. The MDD for 2 independent samples of 100 per group was 139.3cm/s for cfPWV, 172.3cm/s for baPWV, and 100.4cm/s for faPWV. CONCLUSIONS Repeatability was acceptable for all PWV measures in a multicenter, population-based study of older adults and supports its use in epidemiologic studies. Quantifying PWV measurement variation is critical for applications to risk assessment and stratification and eventual translation to clinical practice. |
Ubel, Peter A; Zhang, Cecilia J; Hesson, Ashley; Davis, Kelly J; Kirby, Christine; Barnett, Jamison; Hunter, Wynn G Study of physician and patient communication identifies missed opportunities to help reduce patients' out-of-pocket spending Journal Article Health Affairs, 35 (4), pp. 654-661, 2016. @article{Ubel2016, title = {Study of physician and patient communication identifies missed opportunities to help reduce patients' out-of-pocket spending}, author = {Peter A Ubel and Cecilia J Zhang and Ashley Hesson and Kelly J Davis and Christine Kirby and Jamison Barnett and Wynn G Hunter}, url = {https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1280}, doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1280}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-01}, journal = {Health Affairs}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {654-661}, abstract = {Some experts contend that requiring patients to pay out of pocket for a portion of their care will bring consumer discipline to health care markets. But are physicians prepared to help patients factor out-of-pocket expenses into medical decisions? In this qualitative study of audiorecorded clinical encounters, we identified physician behaviors that stand in the way of helping patients navigate out-of-pocket spending. Some behaviors reflected a failure to fully engage with patients’ financial concerns, from never acknowledging such concerns to dismissing them too quickly. Other behaviors reflected a failure to resolve uncertainty about out-of-pocket expenses or reliance on temporary solutions without making long-term plans to reduce spending. Many of these failures resulted from systemic barriers to health care spending conversations, such as a lack of price transparency. For consumer health care markets to work as …}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Some experts contend that requiring patients to pay out of pocket for a portion of their care will bring consumer discipline to health care markets. But are physicians prepared to help patients factor out-of-pocket expenses into medical decisions? In this qualitative study of audiorecorded clinical encounters, we identified physician behaviors that stand in the way of helping patients navigate out-of-pocket spending. Some behaviors reflected a failure to fully engage with patients’ financial concerns, from never acknowledging such concerns to dismissing them too quickly. Other behaviors reflected a failure to resolve uncertainty about out-of-pocket expenses or reliance on temporary solutions without making long-term plans to reduce spending. Many of these failures resulted from systemic barriers to health care spending conversations, such as a lack of price transparency. For consumer health care markets to work as … |
Ortega, María Isabel; Sabo, Samantha; Gallegos, Patricia Aranda; Zapien, Jill Eileen Guernsey De; Zapien, Antonio; Abril, Gloria Elena Portillo; Rosales, Cecilia Agribusiness, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Health of Agricultural Migrant Workers Journal Article Frontiers in Public Health, 4 (54), pp. 1-10, 2016. @article{Ortega2016, title = {Agribusiness, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Health of Agricultural Migrant Workers}, author = {María Isabel Ortega and Samantha Sabo and Patricia Aranda Gallegos and Jill Eileen Guernsey De Zapien and Antonio Zapien and Gloria Elena Portillo Abril and Cecilia Rosales}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27066471}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2016.00054}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-03-29}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {4}, number = {54}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Living conditions and health of migrant farmworkers could benefit from a health promotion model based on corporate social responsibility (CSR). OBJECTIVE: To understand how Mexican agribusiness owners and general managers view and practice CSR. METHODS: We interviewed 8 agribusiness owners/managers and 233 farmworkers using open-ended interviews and gathered anthropometrical data of 133 children from farmworkers families. To guide our analysis and discussion, we followed the two-dimension model of CSR proposed by Quazi and O'Brien. RESULTS: According to interviewee responses, mean percentage of agreement with CSR concept was 77.4%, with a range of 54-85.7%. Main health-related issues among farmworkers were infectious diseases, crowding, and access to health-care services; there were acute cases of undernutrition among farmworkers' children and diets were of poor quality. DISCUSSION: Agribusiness owners and managers understand and practice CSR according to a wide and modern view, which contradicts with farmworkers' living conditions and health. Quazi and O'Brien model should consider the social context, in which it is analyzed, and the social manifestations of community development as a tool for further analysis on the perceptions and actions of entrepreneurs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Living conditions and health of migrant farmworkers could benefit from a health promotion model based on corporate social responsibility (CSR). OBJECTIVE: To understand how Mexican agribusiness owners and general managers view and practice CSR. METHODS: We interviewed 8 agribusiness owners/managers and 233 farmworkers using open-ended interviews and gathered anthropometrical data of 133 children from farmworkers families. To guide our analysis and discussion, we followed the two-dimension model of CSR proposed by Quazi and O'Brien. RESULTS: According to interviewee responses, mean percentage of agreement with CSR concept was 77.4%, with a range of 54-85.7%. Main health-related issues among farmworkers were infectious diseases, crowding, and access to health-care services; there were acute cases of undernutrition among farmworkers' children and diets were of poor quality. DISCUSSION: Agribusiness owners and managers understand and practice CSR according to a wide and modern view, which contradicts with farmworkers' living conditions and health. Quazi and O'Brien model should consider the social context, in which it is analyzed, and the social manifestations of community development as a tool for further analysis on the perceptions and actions of entrepreneurs. |
Eaves, Emery R; Nichter, Mark; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl Ways of Hoping: Navigating the Paradox of Hope and Despair in Chronic Pain Journal Article Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 40 (1), pp. 35-58, 2016. @article{Eaves2016b, title = {Ways of Hoping: Navigating the Paradox of Hope and Despair in Chronic Pain}, author = {Emery R Eaves and Mark Nichter and Cheryl Ritenbaugh}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194780}, doi = {10.1007/s11013-015-9465-4}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-03-01}, journal = {Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {35-58}, abstract = {In this paper, we explore hope in the context of living with chronic pain. Individuals with chronic pain from temporomandibular disorder(s) were interviewed four to five times over the course of their 18-month participation in a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We sought to understand shifts in participants' descriptions of expectations and hopefulness, particularly with regard to the work involved in counterbalancing positive thinking with buffers against disappointment. We found hope to be a dynamic and multifaceted mindset as distinct from being a single entity to be measured. Drawing upon Polanyi's concept of tacit knowing, we explore how different ways of hoping emerge and index one another in participant narratives. We offer a working typology of hope and raise as an issue the manner in which the paradox of hope--hoping enough to carry on while keeping hopes in check to avoid the ever-present possibility of despair--complicates simplistic notions of the relationship between positive thinking and the placebo response.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we explore hope in the context of living with chronic pain. Individuals with chronic pain from temporomandibular disorder(s) were interviewed four to five times over the course of their 18-month participation in a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We sought to understand shifts in participants' descriptions of expectations and hopefulness, particularly with regard to the work involved in counterbalancing positive thinking with buffers against disappointment. We found hope to be a dynamic and multifaceted mindset as distinct from being a single entity to be measured. Drawing upon Polanyi's concept of tacit knowing, we explore how different ways of hoping emerge and index one another in participant narratives. We offer a working typology of hope and raise as an issue the manner in which the paradox of hope--hoping enough to carry on while keeping hopes in check to avoid the ever-present possibility of despair--complicates simplistic notions of the relationship between positive thinking and the placebo response. |
Muramoto, Myra L; Howerter, Amy; Eaves, Emery R; Hall, John R; Buller, David B; Gordon, Judith S JMIR Research Protocols, 5 (1), pp. e2, 2016. @article{Muramoto2016, title = {Online Tobacco Cessation Training and Competency Assessment for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Practitioners: Protocol for the CAM Reach Web Study}, author = {Myra L Muramoto and Amy Howerter and Emery R Eaves and John R Hall and David B Buller and Judith S Gordon}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26740468}, doi = {10.2196/resprot.5061}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-06}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocols}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {e2}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners, such as chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists, are a growing presence in the US health care landscape and already provide health and wellness care to significant numbers of patients who use tobacco. For decades, conventional biomedical practitioners have received training to provide evidence-based tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) and referrals to cessation services as part of routine clinical care, whereas CAM practitioners have been largely overlooked for BI training. Web-based training has clear potential to meet large-scale training dissemination needs. However, despite the exploding use of Web-based training for health professionals, Web-based evaluation of clinical skills competency remains underdeveloped. OBJECTIVE: In pursuit of a long-term goal of helping CAM practitioners integrate evidence-based practices from US Public Health Service Tobacco Dependence Treatment Guideline into routine clinical care, this pilot protocol aims to develop and test a Web-based tobacco cessation training program tailored for CAM practitioners. METHODS: In preparation for a larger trial to examine the effect of training on CAM practitioner clinical practice behaviors around tobacco cessation, this developmental study will (1) adapt an existing in-person tobacco cessation BI training program that is specifically tailored for CAM therapists for delivery via the Internet; (2) develop a novel, Web-based tool to assess CAM practitioner competence in tobacco cessation BI skills, and conduct a pilot validation study comparing the competency assessment tool to live video role plays with a standardized patient; (3) pilot test the Web-based training with 120 CAM practitioners (40 acupuncturists, 40 chiropractors, 40 massage therapists) for usability, accessibility, acceptability, and effects on practitioner knowledge, self-efficacy, and competency with tobacco cessation; and (4) conduct qualitative and quantitative formative research on factors influencing practitioner tobacco cessation clinical behaviors (eg, practice environment, peer social influence, and insurance reimbursement). RESULTS: Web-training and competency assessment tool development and study enrollment and training activities are complete (N=203 practitioners enrolled). Training completion rates were lower than expected (36.9%, 75/203), necessitating over enrollment to ensure a sufficient number of training completers. Follow-up data collection is in progress. Data analysis will begin immediately after data collection is complete. CONCLUSIONS: To realize CAM practitioners' potential to promote tobacco cessation and use of evidence-based treatments, there is a need to know more about the facilitative and inhibitory factors influencing CAM practitioner tobacco intervention behaviors (eg, social influence and insurance reimbursement). Given marked differences between conventional and CAM practitioners, extant knowledge about factors influencing conventional practitioner adoption of tobacco cessation behaviors cannot be confidently extrapolated to CAM practitioners. The potential impact of this study is to expand tobacco cessation and health promotion infrastructure in a new group of health practitioners who can help combat the continuing epidemic of tobacco use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners, such as chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists, are a growing presence in the US health care landscape and already provide health and wellness care to significant numbers of patients who use tobacco. For decades, conventional biomedical practitioners have received training to provide evidence-based tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) and referrals to cessation services as part of routine clinical care, whereas CAM practitioners have been largely overlooked for BI training. Web-based training has clear potential to meet large-scale training dissemination needs. However, despite the exploding use of Web-based training for health professionals, Web-based evaluation of clinical skills competency remains underdeveloped. OBJECTIVE: In pursuit of a long-term goal of helping CAM practitioners integrate evidence-based practices from US Public Health Service Tobacco Dependence Treatment Guideline into routine clinical care, this pilot protocol aims to develop and test a Web-based tobacco cessation training program tailored for CAM practitioners. METHODS: In preparation for a larger trial to examine the effect of training on CAM practitioner clinical practice behaviors around tobacco cessation, this developmental study will (1) adapt an existing in-person tobacco cessation BI training program that is specifically tailored for CAM therapists for delivery via the Internet; (2) develop a novel, Web-based tool to assess CAM practitioner competence in tobacco cessation BI skills, and conduct a pilot validation study comparing the competency assessment tool to live video role plays with a standardized patient; (3) pilot test the Web-based training with 120 CAM practitioners (40 acupuncturists, 40 chiropractors, 40 massage therapists) for usability, accessibility, acceptability, and effects on practitioner knowledge, self-efficacy, and competency with tobacco cessation; and (4) conduct qualitative and quantitative formative research on factors influencing practitioner tobacco cessation clinical behaviors (eg, practice environment, peer social influence, and insurance reimbursement). RESULTS: Web-training and competency assessment tool development and study enrollment and training activities are complete (N=203 practitioners enrolled). Training completion rates were lower than expected (36.9%, 75/203), necessitating over enrollment to ensure a sufficient number of training completers. Follow-up data collection is in progress. Data analysis will begin immediately after data collection is complete. CONCLUSIONS: To realize CAM practitioners' potential to promote tobacco cessation and use of evidence-based treatments, there is a need to know more about the facilitative and inhibitory factors influencing CAM practitioner tobacco intervention behaviors (eg, social influence and insurance reimbursement). Given marked differences between conventional and CAM practitioners, extant knowledge about factors influencing conventional practitioner adoption of tobacco cessation behaviors cannot be confidently extrapolated to CAM practitioners. The potential impact of this study is to expand tobacco cessation and health promotion infrastructure in a new group of health practitioners who can help combat the continuing epidemic of tobacco use. |
Williamson, Heather J; Young, Belinda-Rose; Murray, Nichole; Burton, Donna L; Levin, Bruce Lubotsky; Massey, Oliver Tom; Baldwin, Julie A Community-university partnerships for research and practice: Application of an interactive and contextual model of collaboration Journal Article Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 20 (2), pp. 55-84, 2016, ISSN: 1534-6104. @article{Williamson2016b, title = {Community-university partnerships for research and practice: Application of an interactive and contextual model of collaboration}, author = {Heather J Williamson and Belinda-Rose Young and Nichole Murray and Donna L Burton and Bruce Lubotsky Levin and Oliver Tom Massey and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5295659/}, issn = {1534-6104}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {55-84}, abstract = {Community–university partnerships are frequently used to enhance translational research efforts while benefiting the community. However, challenges remain in evaluating such efforts. This article discusses the utility of applying the contextual and interactive model of community–university collaboration to a translational research education program, the Institute for Translational Research in adolescent Behavioral Health, to guide programmatic efforts and future evaluations. Institute stakeholders from academia and the community completed in-depth interviews querying their expectations and experiences in this collaboration. Key quotes and themes were extracted and analyzed based on the constructs within the 3 phases of the model. The findings note specific themes for future valuations. Overall, the contextual and interactive model of community–university collaboration proved a useful framework to guide the process evaluation of the Institute. Findings suggest possible strategies for the successful development, evaluation, and sustainability of community–university partnerships.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community–university partnerships are frequently used to enhance translational research efforts while benefiting the community. However, challenges remain in evaluating such efforts. This article discusses the utility of applying the contextual and interactive model of community–university collaboration to a translational research education program, the Institute for Translational Research in adolescent Behavioral Health, to guide programmatic efforts and future evaluations. Institute stakeholders from academia and the community completed in-depth interviews querying their expectations and experiences in this collaboration. Key quotes and themes were extracted and analyzed based on the constructs within the 3 phases of the model. The findings note specific themes for future valuations. Overall, the contextual and interactive model of community–university collaboration proved a useful framework to guide the process evaluation of the Institute. Findings suggest possible strategies for the successful development, evaluation, and sustainability of community–university partnerships. |
Camplain, Ricky; Meyer, Michelle L; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Agarwal, Sunil K; Aguilar, David; Butler, Kenneth R; Heiss, Gerardo Smoking Behaviors and Arterial Stiffness Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Journal Article American Journal of Hypertension, 29 (11), pp. 1268-1275, 2015, ISBN: 0895-7061. @article{Camplain2015, title = {Smoking Behaviors and Arterial Stiffness Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Michelle L Meyer and Hirofumi Tanaka and Priya Palta and Sunil K Agarwal and David Aguilar and Kenneth R Butler and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ajh/hpv189}, doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpv189}, isbn = {0895-7061}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-10}, journal = {American Journal of Hypertension}, volume = {29}, number = {11}, pages = {1268-1275}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Though smoking is strongly associated with peripheral vascular disease and arteriosclerosis, smoking’s association with arterial stiffness has been inconsistent and mostly limited to a single arterial segment. We examined the relationship between smoking behaviors with arterial stiffness in multiple arterial segments among community dwelling older adults. METHODS The cross-sectional relationship between smoking behavior with carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) was examined in 5,002 men and women, separately, of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study. Brachial-ankle PWV was also assessed and presented in Supplementary Material. Heckman selection models were used to control for selective attrition and death in the ARIC cohort. RESULTS In women, faPWV was lower in current smokers compared to never smokers (−66.0cm/s; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −94.6, −37.4), and was 1.0cm/s lower (95% CI: −1.8, −0.2) for every additional year a woman smoked, after adjustment for confounders. Among women, cfPWV was not associated with smoking status or cigarette pack-years. Additionally, no associations of smoking status and cigarette pack-years with PWV were observed among men. Years since smoking cessation was not associated with PWV in either gender. CONCLUSION Both smoking status and cumulative smoking exposure were associated with lower peripheral arterial stiffness among women, but not among men. We did not observe an association between central arterial stiffness and smoking status in either gender. The profound and well-documented adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the vasculature may not include a sustained stiffening of the arteries measured at older age.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND Though smoking is strongly associated with peripheral vascular disease and arteriosclerosis, smoking’s association with arterial stiffness has been inconsistent and mostly limited to a single arterial segment. We examined the relationship between smoking behaviors with arterial stiffness in multiple arterial segments among community dwelling older adults. METHODS The cross-sectional relationship between smoking behavior with carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) was examined in 5,002 men and women, separately, of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study. Brachial-ankle PWV was also assessed and presented in Supplementary Material. Heckman selection models were used to control for selective attrition and death in the ARIC cohort. RESULTS In women, faPWV was lower in current smokers compared to never smokers (−66.0cm/s; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −94.6, −37.4), and was 1.0cm/s lower (95% CI: −1.8, −0.2) for every additional year a woman smoked, after adjustment for confounders. Among women, cfPWV was not associated with smoking status or cigarette pack-years. Additionally, no associations of smoking status and cigarette pack-years with PWV were observed among men. Years since smoking cessation was not associated with PWV in either gender. CONCLUSION Both smoking status and cumulative smoking exposure were associated with lower peripheral arterial stiffness among women, but not among men. We did not observe an association between central arterial stiffness and smoking status in either gender. The profound and well-documented adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the vasculature may not include a sustained stiffening of the arteries measured at older age. |
Laurila, Kelly; Ingram, Jani C; Briehl, Margaret M; Trotter, Robert Weaving the Web: Evaluation Strategies to Help Native-American Undergraduate Research Training Programs Navigate Students to Success Journal Article CURQ on the Web, 35 (3), pp. 4-11, 2015. @article{Laurila2015, title = {Weaving the Web: Evaluation Strategies to Help Native-American Undergraduate Research Training Programs Navigate Students to Success}, author = {Kelly Laurila and Jani C Ingram and Margaret M Briehl and Robert Trotter}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4671630/}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-07}, journal = {CURQ on the Web}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {4-11}, abstract = {Native-American cultures are characterized by strong connections to community, family, and the land. These connections are integrated into Native-American education, resulting in curricula that are different from those in Western educational systems. Differences between Native-American and Western cultures create challenges for those educated in Native-American education systems when they pursue postsecondary education in Western cultures. The under-representation of Native-Americans among those earning degrees reflects both extremely low enrollment rates and generally poor retention rates for Native-American college students (UA 2009). Obstacles for Native-American students include inadequate academic preparation, cultural differences, vague constructs of educational or vocational goals, insufficient financial aid, and social isolation (McClellan et al. 2005). Engaging Native-American students in research is one strategy for overcoming these obstacles and improving their college experience. Here we describe a research-based training program focused on Native-American undergraduates, the evaluation model and process used to evaluate this program, and the paradigm-shifting insights that emerged from the evaluation data.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native-American cultures are characterized by strong connections to community, family, and the land. These connections are integrated into Native-American education, resulting in curricula that are different from those in Western educational systems. Differences between Native-American and Western cultures create challenges for those educated in Native-American education systems when they pursue postsecondary education in Western cultures. The under-representation of Native-Americans among those earning degrees reflects both extremely low enrollment rates and generally poor retention rates for Native-American college students (UA 2009). Obstacles for Native-American students include inadequate academic preparation, cultural differences, vague constructs of educational or vocational goals, insufficient financial aid, and social isolation (McClellan et al. 2005). Engaging Native-American students in research is one strategy for overcoming these obstacles and improving their college experience. Here we describe a research-based training program focused on Native-American undergraduates, the evaluation model and process used to evaluate this program, and the paradigm-shifting insights that emerged from the evaluation data. |
Eaves, Emery R "Just Advil": Harm reduction and identity construction in the consumption of over-the-counter medication for chronic pain Journal Article Social Science and Medicine, 146 , pp. 147-154, 2015. @article{Eaves2015, title = {"Just Advil": Harm reduction and identity construction in the consumption of over-the-counter medication for chronic pain}, author = {Emery R Eaves}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26517291}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.033}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-01}, journal = {Social Science and Medicine}, volume = {146}, pages = {147-154}, abstract = {Direct-to-consumer marketing has sparked ongoing debate concerning whether ads empower consumers to be agents of their own care or shift greater control to the pharmaceutical industry. Ads for over-the-counter (OTC) medications in particular portend to offer simple, harmless solutions for meeting the demands of social life. Rather than join the longstanding debate between consumer agency and social control in pharmaceutical advertising, I approach self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics using Harm Reduction as a framework. From this perspective, consumption of OTC analgesics by chronic pain sufferers is a means of seeking some level of relief while also avoiding the stigma associated with prescription pain medication. Qualitative methods are used to analyze data from two sources: (1) semi-structured qualitative interviews with 95 participants in a trial examining the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) from 2006 to 2011 in Tucson, AZ and Portland, OR; and (2) print, online, and television advertisements for three major brands of OTC pain medication. Participants described their use of OTC medications as minimal, responsible, and justified by the severity of their pain. OTC medication advertising, while ostensibly ambiguous and targeting all forms of pain, effectively lends support to the consumption of these medications as part of the self-projects of chronic pain sufferers, allowing them to reconcile conflicting demands for pain relief while being stoic and maintaining a positive moral identity. Describing OTC medication as "just over-the-counter" or "not real pain medication," sufferers engage in ideological harm reduction, distinguishing themselves from "those people who like taking pain medication" while still seeking relief. Justifying one's use of OTC medication as minimal and "normal," regardless of intake, avoids association with the addictive potential of prescription pain medications and aligns the identity of the chronic pain sufferer with a culturally sanctioned identity as stoic bearer of pain.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Direct-to-consumer marketing has sparked ongoing debate concerning whether ads empower consumers to be agents of their own care or shift greater control to the pharmaceutical industry. Ads for over-the-counter (OTC) medications in particular portend to offer simple, harmless solutions for meeting the demands of social life. Rather than join the longstanding debate between consumer agency and social control in pharmaceutical advertising, I approach self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics using Harm Reduction as a framework. From this perspective, consumption of OTC analgesics by chronic pain sufferers is a means of seeking some level of relief while also avoiding the stigma associated with prescription pain medication. Qualitative methods are used to analyze data from two sources: (1) semi-structured qualitative interviews with 95 participants in a trial examining the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) from 2006 to 2011 in Tucson, AZ and Portland, OR; and (2) print, online, and television advertisements for three major brands of OTC pain medication. Participants described their use of OTC medications as minimal, responsible, and justified by the severity of their pain. OTC medication advertising, while ostensibly ambiguous and targeting all forms of pain, effectively lends support to the consumption of these medications as part of the self-projects of chronic pain sufferers, allowing them to reconcile conflicting demands for pain relief while being stoic and maintaining a positive moral identity. Describing OTC medication as "just over-the-counter" or "not real pain medication," sufferers engage in ideological harm reduction, distinguishing themselves from "those people who like taking pain medication" while still seeking relief. Justifying one's use of OTC medication as minimal and "normal," regardless of intake, avoids association with the addictive potential of prescription pain medications and aligns the identity of the chronic pain sufferer with a culturally sanctioned identity as stoic bearer of pain. |
Young, Belinda-Rose; Williamson, Heather J; Burton, Donna L; Massey, Oliver Thomas; Levin, Bruce Lubotsky; Baldwin, Julie A Challenges and Benefits in Designing and Implementing a Team-Based Research Mentorship Experience in Translational Research Journal Article Pedagogy in Health Promotion, 1 (4), pp. 233-246, 2015. @article{Young2015, title = {Challenges and Benefits in Designing and Implementing a Team-Based Research Mentorship Experience in Translational Research}, author = {Belinda-Rose Young and Heather J Williamson and Donna L Burton and Oliver Thomas Massey and Bruce Lubotsky Levin and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2373379915600174}, doi = {10.1177/2373379915600174}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-12-01}, journal = {Pedagogy in Health Promotion}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {233-246}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Translational research seeks to build bridges between research and practice to address public health issues efficiently and effectively. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate a newly formed Institute that provided graduate students and adolescent behavioral health community professionals with a translational research service-learning opportunity through the creation of a community-university mentoring partnership. Goals of the team-based research mentorship approach included: 1) providing students the skills for implementing translational research; 2) providing research opportunities for community agencies to enhance operations and to encourage ongoing research involvement; and 3) developing relationships between university faculty and community agency professionals for further research collaborations. METHODS: The Institute used the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Mentoring Mosaic to select a diverse group of Community and Academic Mentors. The research mentorship experience of the initial cohort was evaluated based upon the Research Mentorship Conceptual Framework and Self-Assessment Tool. RESULTS: As a direct result of the research mentorship, outcomes for the Academic and Community Mentors and Scholars (i.e., those seeking a graduate certificate) included improved working relationships/networking and research experience. Through experiential learning, Scholars also discovered career trajectory clarity, the need for community collaboration in research, opportunities for continuing professional development, a greater understanding of public health competencies and how they align with community-based research, and skill development in best practices for translational research. CONCLUSION: The team mentoring approach is a form of pedagogy that holds promise to enhance translational research and community-based research efforts while developing public health competencies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Translational research seeks to build bridges between research and practice to address public health issues efficiently and effectively. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate a newly formed Institute that provided graduate students and adolescent behavioral health community professionals with a translational research service-learning opportunity through the creation of a community-university mentoring partnership. Goals of the team-based research mentorship approach included: 1) providing students the skills for implementing translational research; 2) providing research opportunities for community agencies to enhance operations and to encourage ongoing research involvement; and 3) developing relationships between university faculty and community agency professionals for further research collaborations. METHODS: The Institute used the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Mentoring Mosaic to select a diverse group of Community and Academic Mentors. The research mentorship experience of the initial cohort was evaluated based upon the Research Mentorship Conceptual Framework and Self-Assessment Tool. RESULTS: As a direct result of the research mentorship, outcomes for the Academic and Community Mentors and Scholars (i.e., those seeking a graduate certificate) included improved working relationships/networking and research experience. Through experiential learning, Scholars also discovered career trajectory clarity, the need for community collaboration in research, opportunities for continuing professional development, a greater understanding of public health competencies and how they align with community-based research, and skill development in best practices for translational research. CONCLUSION: The team mentoring approach is a form of pedagogy that holds promise to enhance translational research and community-based research efforts while developing public health competencies. |
Williamson, Heather J Research Brief: Implementation of KanCare for Adults with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities Technical Report University of South Florida 2015. @techreport{Williamson2015, title = {Research Brief: Implementation of KanCare for Adults with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities}, author = {Heather J Williamson}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283488751_Research_Brief_Implementation_of_KanCare_for_Adults_with_Intellectual_andor_Developmental_Disabilities}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.1.1135.8162}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-11-04}, institution = {University of South Florida}, abstract = {he state of Kansas reformed their Medicaid program to Medicaid Managed Long-Term Services and Supports (MLTSS) in 2013, titled KanCare (KanCare, 2015). In KanCare, adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) select one of three private for profit Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), which then coordinate all needed LTSS, behavioral health, ** and health services. Adults with IDD began receiving health care through KanCare in January 2013 and LTSS were included beginning February 2014. The purpose of this research study was to describe the current implementation of KanCare for adults with IDD and their family caregivers. Study aims included: 1) To understand the rationale behind and what actually happened with MLTSS implementation for adults with IDD in Kansas; 2) To understand how service coordination providers and family caregivers perceived care coordination and access to services for adults with IDD in MLTSS; and 3) To understand how family caregivers and their roles were recognized in MLTSS for adults with IDD. Research Brief: Implementation of KanCare... (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283488751_Research_Brief_Implementation_of_KanCare_for_Adults_with_Intellectual_andor_Developmental_Disabilities [accessed Jun 07 2018].}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } he state of Kansas reformed their Medicaid program to Medicaid Managed Long-Term Services and Supports (MLTSS) in 2013, titled KanCare (KanCare, 2015). In KanCare, adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) select one of three private for profit Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), which then coordinate all needed LTSS, behavioral health, ** and health services. Adults with IDD began receiving health care through KanCare in January 2013 and LTSS were included beginning February 2014. The purpose of this research study was to describe the current implementation of KanCare for adults with IDD and their family caregivers. Study aims included: 1) To understand the rationale behind and what actually happened with MLTSS implementation for adults with IDD in Kansas; 2) To understand how service coordination providers and family caregivers perceived care coordination and access to services for adults with IDD in MLTSS; and 3) To understand how family caregivers and their roles were recognized in MLTSS for adults with IDD. Research Brief: Implementation of KanCare... (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283488751_Research_Brief_Implementation_of_KanCare_for_Adults_with_Intellectual_andor_Developmental_Disabilities [accessed Jun 07 2018]. |
Walsh, Margaret L; Baldwin, Julie A AMERICAN INDIAN SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION EFFORTS: A REVIEW OF PROGRAMS, 2003-2013 Journal Article American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 22 (2), pp. 41-68, 2015. @article{Walsh2015, title = {AMERICAN INDIAN SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION EFFORTS: A REVIEW OF PROGRAMS, 2003-2013}, author = {Margaret L Walsh and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053884}, doi = {10.5820/aian.2202.2015.41}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-11-02}, journal = {American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {41-68}, abstract = {The purpose of the review was to assess substance abuse prevention (SAP) efforts in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities from 2003-2013. In the past, many SAP programs were unable to meet the unique cultural needs of AI/AN communities adequately. It has been suggested that a disconnect may exist between the theories that are used to guide development of prevention programs in AI/AN communities and culturally appropriate theoretical constructs of AI/AN worldviews. To explore this possible disconnect further, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to assess a total of 18 articles (N = 31 programs) on program location and method, participant characteristics, described program cultural elements, use of theory, program outcomes, program measures, and future recommendations. Results indicated that SAP programs in AI/AN communities vary widely in their use of theory, implementation strategies, view and definition of cultural constructs, overall evaluational rigor, and reporting methods. Future research is needed to integrate appropriate theory and cultural elements into SAP programs to tie them to measurable outcomes for AI/AN communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of the review was to assess substance abuse prevention (SAP) efforts in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities from 2003-2013. In the past, many SAP programs were unable to meet the unique cultural needs of AI/AN communities adequately. It has been suggested that a disconnect may exist between the theories that are used to guide development of prevention programs in AI/AN communities and culturally appropriate theoretical constructs of AI/AN worldviews. To explore this possible disconnect further, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to assess a total of 18 articles (N = 31 programs) on program location and method, participant characteristics, described program cultural elements, use of theory, program outcomes, program measures, and future recommendations. Results indicated that SAP programs in AI/AN communities vary widely in their use of theory, implementation strategies, view and definition of cultural constructs, overall evaluational rigor, and reporting methods. Future research is needed to integrate appropriate theory and cultural elements into SAP programs to tie them to measurable outcomes for AI/AN communities. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Cordova-Marks, Felina; Susanyatame, Gloria; Teufel-Shone, Louis; Irwin, Sandra L Documenting Cancer Information Seeking Behavior and Risk Perception in the Hualapai Indian Community to Inform a Community Health Program Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 43 (5), pp. 891-898, 2015. @article{Teufel-Shone2015, title = {Documenting Cancer Information Seeking Behavior and Risk Perception in the Hualapai Indian Community to Inform a Community Health Program}, author = {Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Felina Cordova-Marks and Gloria Susanyatame and Louis Teufel-Shone and Sandra L Irwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791877}, doi = {10.1007/s10900-015-0009-1}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-10-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, volume = {43}, number = {5}, pages = {891-898}, abstract = {Cancer incidence among American Indians (AIs) is low, yet their 5-year relative survival rate is the second lowest of all U.S. populations. Culturally relevant cancer prevention education is key to achieve health equity. This collaborative project of the Hualapai Tribe and University of Arizona modified the National Cancer Institute's 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to yield a more culturally relevant cancer information survey to document the health seeking behaviors and perceptions of cancer risks and preventability of AI adults residing in the Hualapai Indian community. A team of health care providers, educators and cancer survivors (six native and three non-natives) completed the adaptation. Four trained native surveyors administered the survey using a random household survey design. The Hualapai HINTS was well accepted (<5% refusal rate) and was completed by 205 adults (20.5% of all adult residents). Respondents reported a preference for and a trust in verbal cancer information and communication with health care professionals (77.1% preference; 57.4% trust) and at workshops (75.2% preference; 45.5% trust). Respondents were aware of some health behaviors associated with a reduced cancer risk, e.g., avoid tobacco use and need for screening. Respondents were less well informed about the role of diet and exercise. These findings were used to inform local cancer prevention education efforts and to develop a series of monthly workshops that engaged local health professionals to reinforce and discuss pathways of the primary role of lifestyle related factors, specifically diet and exercise in reducing cancer risk.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cancer incidence among American Indians (AIs) is low, yet their 5-year relative survival rate is the second lowest of all U.S. populations. Culturally relevant cancer prevention education is key to achieve health equity. This collaborative project of the Hualapai Tribe and University of Arizona modified the National Cancer Institute's 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to yield a more culturally relevant cancer information survey to document the health seeking behaviors and perceptions of cancer risks and preventability of AI adults residing in the Hualapai Indian community. A team of health care providers, educators and cancer survivors (six native and three non-natives) completed the adaptation. Four trained native surveyors administered the survey using a random household survey design. The Hualapai HINTS was well accepted (<5% refusal rate) and was completed by 205 adults (20.5% of all adult residents). Respondents reported a preference for and a trust in verbal cancer information and communication with health care professionals (77.1% preference; 57.4% trust) and at workshops (75.2% preference; 45.5% trust). Respondents were aware of some health behaviors associated with a reduced cancer risk, e.g., avoid tobacco use and need for screening. Respondents were less well informed about the role of diet and exercise. These findings were used to inform local cancer prevention education efforts and to develop a series of monthly workshops that engaged local health professionals to reinforce and discuss pathways of the primary role of lifestyle related factors, specifically diet and exercise in reducing cancer risk. |
Salinas-Miranda, Abraham A; Salemi, Jason L; King, Lindsey M; Baldwin, Julie A; Berry, Estrellita “Lo”; Austin, Deborah A; Scarborough, Kenneth; Spooner, Kiara K; Zoorob, Roger J; Salihu, Hamisu M Adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in adulthood: revelations from a community needs assessment Journal Article Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13 (123), pp. 1-12, 2015. @article{Salinas-Miranda2015, title = {Adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in adulthood: revelations from a community needs assessment}, author = {Abraham A Salinas-Miranda and Jason L Salemi and Lindsey M King and Julie A Baldwin and Estrellita “Lo” Berry and Deborah A Austin and Kenneth Scarborough and Kiara K Spooner and Roger J Zoorob and Hamisu M Salihu}, url = {https://hqlo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12955-015-0323-4}, doi = {10.1186/s12955-015-0323-4}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-11}, journal = {Health and Quality of Life Outcomes}, volume = {13}, number = {123}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been previously linked to quality of life, health conditions, and life expectancy in adulthood. Less is known about the potential mechanisms which mediate these associations. This study examined how ACE influences adult health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a low-income community in Florida. METHODS: A community-based participatory needs assessment was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 with 201 residents of Tampa, Florida, USA. HRQoL was measured by an excessive number of unhealthy days experienced during the previous 30-day window. Mediation analyses for dichotomous outcomes were conducted with logistic regression. Bootstrapped confidence intervals were generated for both total and specific indirect effects. RESULTS: Most participants reported 'good to excellent health' (76%) and about a fourth reported 'fair to poor health' (24%). The mean of total unhealthy days was 9 days per month (SD ± 10.5). Controlling for demographic and neighborhood covariates, excessive unhealthy days was associated with ACE (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.43), perceived stress (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.10), and sleep disturbance (AOR = 8.86; 3.61, 21.77). Mediated effects were significant for stress (β = 0.08) and sleep disturbances (β = 0.11) as they related to the relationship between ACE and excessive unhealthy days. CONCLUSION: ACE is linked to adult HRQoL. Stress and sleep disturbances may represent later consequences of childhood adversity that modulate adult quality of life.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been previously linked to quality of life, health conditions, and life expectancy in adulthood. Less is known about the potential mechanisms which mediate these associations. This study examined how ACE influences adult health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a low-income community in Florida. METHODS: A community-based participatory needs assessment was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 with 201 residents of Tampa, Florida, USA. HRQoL was measured by an excessive number of unhealthy days experienced during the previous 30-day window. Mediation analyses for dichotomous outcomes were conducted with logistic regression. Bootstrapped confidence intervals were generated for both total and specific indirect effects. RESULTS: Most participants reported 'good to excellent health' (76%) and about a fourth reported 'fair to poor health' (24%). The mean of total unhealthy days was 9 days per month (SD ± 10.5). Controlling for demographic and neighborhood covariates, excessive unhealthy days was associated with ACE (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.43), perceived stress (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.10), and sleep disturbance (AOR = 8.86; 3.61, 21.77). Mediated effects were significant for stress (β = 0.08) and sleep disturbances (β = 0.11) as they related to the relationship between ACE and excessive unhealthy days. CONCLUSION: ACE is linked to adult HRQoL. Stress and sleep disturbances may represent later consequences of childhood adversity that modulate adult quality of life. |
Reinschmidt, Kerstin M; Ingram, Maia; Schachter, Kenneth; Sabo, Samantha; Verdugo, Lorena; Carvajal, Scott The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 38 (3), pp. 244-253, 2015. @article{Reinschmidt2015, title = {The Impact of Integrating Community Advocacy Into Community Health Worker Roles on Health-Focused Organizations and Community Health Workers in Southern Arizona}, author = {Kerstin M Reinschmidt and Maia Ingram and Kenneth Schachter and Samantha Sabo and Lorena Verdugo and Scott Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049654}, doi = {10.1097/JAC.0000000000000092}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-01}, journal = {The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {244-253}, abstract = {Organizational environments may encourage community health workers (CHWs) to engage community members in improving their communities. We conducted open-ended interviews and focus groups to explore how participation in the Acción intervention, which trained CHWs in community advocacy, affected organizational capacity to support their CHWs. Supervisors described improved organizational recognition and trust of CHWs. Organizational leaders reported organizational benefits and increased appreciation of CHW leadership. Both expressed increased interest in future advocacy trainings. Limiting factors included organizational mission, CHW position descriptions, and funding. Findings indicate that, with training and funding, CHW community advocacy can be integrated into organizations with congruent missions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Organizational environments may encourage community health workers (CHWs) to engage community members in improving their communities. We conducted open-ended interviews and focus groups to explore how participation in the Acción intervention, which trained CHWs in community advocacy, affected organizational capacity to support their CHWs. Supervisors described improved organizational recognition and trust of CHWs. Organizational leaders reported organizational benefits and increased appreciation of CHW leadership. Both expressed increased interest in future advocacy trainings. Limiting factors included organizational mission, CHW position descriptions, and funding. Findings indicate that, with training and funding, CHW community advocacy can be integrated into organizations with congruent missions. |
Sabo, Samantha; Wennerstrom, Ashley; Phillips, David; Haywoord, Catherine; Redondo, Floribella; Bell, Melanie L; Ingram, Maia Community Health Worker Professional Advocacy: Voices of Action from the 2014 National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey Journal Article The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 38 (2), pp. 225-235, 2015. @article{Sabo2015, title = {Community Health Worker Professional Advocacy: Voices of Action from the 2014 National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Ashley Wennerstrom and David Phillips and Catherine Haywoord and Floribella Redondo and Melanie L Bell and Maia Ingram}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049652}, doi = {10.1097/JAC.0000000000000089}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-01}, journal = {The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {225-235}, abstract = {This mixed-methods study explores community health worker (CHW) engagement in professional advocacy. Data from the National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey (n = 1661) assessed the relationship between CHW professional advocacy and CHW demographics, and work characteristics. Qualitative data articulated the quality of professional advocacy efforts. Approximately, 30% of CHW respondents advocated for professional advancement or collaborated with other CHWs to advance the workforce. Advocacy was more prevalent among CHWs affiliated with a professional network. CHW advocacy targeted recognition of the field, appropriate training and compensation, and sustainable funding. CHW professional advocacy is imperative to advancement of the field.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This mixed-methods study explores community health worker (CHW) engagement in professional advocacy. Data from the National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey (n = 1661) assessed the relationship between CHW professional advocacy and CHW demographics, and work characteristics. Qualitative data articulated the quality of professional advocacy efforts. Approximately, 30% of CHW respondents advocated for professional advancement or collaborated with other CHWs to advance the workforce. Advocacy was more prevalent among CHWs affiliated with a professional network. CHW advocacy targeted recognition of the field, appropriate training and compensation, and sustainable funding. CHW professional advocacy is imperative to advancement of the field. |
Evenson, Kelly R; Dorn, Joan M; Camplain, Ricky; Pate, Russell R; Brown, David R Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers Journal Article Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12 (8), pp. 1052-1060, 2015, ISBN: 1543-3080. @article{Evenson2015, title = {Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers}, author = {Kelly R Evenson and Joan M Dorn and Ricky Camplain and Russell R Pate and David R Brown}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4949596/}, doi = {10.1123/jpah.2014-0284}, isbn = {1543-3080}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-08-01}, journal = {Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, volume = {12}, number = {8}, pages = {1052-1060}, abstract = {Background Since 1995, an 8-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers has been offered yearly in the United States. Methods In 2013, an evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings, surveyed fellows on course impact, documented grant funding, and identified fellow participation on leading physical activity-related journals. Results The number of fellows that attended the course ranged from 20–35/year. Fellows who participated in the web survey (n=322) agreed that the course: met their expectations (99%), had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), and helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%). Following the course, 73% of fellows had further contact with course faculty and 71% had further contact with other fellows. From the National Institutes of Health, 117 grants were awarded to 82 fellows (21% of eligible fellows). Out of 14 journals reviewed, 11 had at least one fellow on their staff as editor, associate editor, or editorial board member. Conclusion The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers helps address a training need by providing instruction and building capacity in the US and abroad for conducting research on physical activity and public health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Since 1995, an 8-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers has been offered yearly in the United States. Methods In 2013, an evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings, surveyed fellows on course impact, documented grant funding, and identified fellow participation on leading physical activity-related journals. Results The number of fellows that attended the course ranged from 20–35/year. Fellows who participated in the web survey (n=322) agreed that the course: met their expectations (99%), had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), and helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%). Following the course, 73% of fellows had further contact with course faculty and 71% had further contact with other fellows. From the National Institutes of Health, 117 grants were awarded to 82 fellows (21% of eligible fellows). Out of 14 journals reviewed, 11 had at least one fellow on their staff as editor, associate editor, or editorial board member. Conclusion The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Researchers helps address a training need by providing instruction and building capacity in the US and abroad for conducting research on physical activity and public health. |
Xing, Dongyuan; Huang, Yangxin; Chen, Henian; Zhu, Yiliang; Dagne, Getachew A; Baldwin, Julie A Bayesian inference for two-part mixed-effects model using skew distributions, with application to longitudinal semicontinuous alcohol data Journal Article Statistical Methods in Medical Research, pp. 1-19, 2015. @article{Xing2015, title = {Bayesian inference for two-part mixed-effects model using skew distributions, with application to longitudinal semicontinuous alcohol data}, author = {Dongyuan Xing and Yangxin Huang and Henian Chen and Yiliang Zhu and Getachew A Dagne and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0962280215590284}, doi = {10.1177/0962280215590284}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-07-19}, journal = {Statistical Methods in Medical Research}, pages = {1-19}, abstract = {Semicontinuous data featured with an excessive proportion of zeros and right-skewed continuous positive values arise frequently in practice. One example would be the substance abuse/dependence symptoms data for which a substantial proportion of subjects investigated may report zero. Two-part mixed-effects models have been developed to analyze repeated measures of semicontinuous data from longitudinal studies. In this paper, we propose a flexible two-part mixed-effects model with skew distributions for correlated semicontinuous alcohol data under the framework of a Bayesian approach. The proposed model specification consists of two mixed-effects models linked by the correlated random effects: (i) a model on the occurrence of positive values using a generalized logistic mixed-effects model (Part I); and (ii) a model on the intensity of positive values using a linear mixed-effects model where the model errors follow skew distributions including skew-t and skew-normal distributions (Part II). The proposed method is illustrated with an alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms data from a longitudinal observational study, and the analytic results are reported by comparing potential models under different random-effects structures. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed models and method.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Semicontinuous data featured with an excessive proportion of zeros and right-skewed continuous positive values arise frequently in practice. One example would be the substance abuse/dependence symptoms data for which a substantial proportion of subjects investigated may report zero. Two-part mixed-effects models have been developed to analyze repeated measures of semicontinuous data from longitudinal studies. In this paper, we propose a flexible two-part mixed-effects model with skew distributions for correlated semicontinuous alcohol data under the framework of a Bayesian approach. The proposed model specification consists of two mixed-effects models linked by the correlated random effects: (i) a model on the occurrence of positive values using a generalized logistic mixed-effects model (Part I); and (ii) a model on the intensity of positive values using a linear mixed-effects model where the model errors follow skew distributions including skew-t and skew-normal distributions (Part II). The proposed method is illustrated with an alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms data from a longitudinal observational study, and the analytic results are reported by comparing potential models under different random-effects structures. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed models and method. |
Valdez, Elizabeth Salerno; Valdez, Luis A; Sabo, Samantha Frontiers in Public Health, 3 (163), pp. 1-8, 2015. @article{Valdez2015, title = {Structural Vulnerability Among Migrating Women and Children Fleeing Central America and Mexico: The Public Health Impact of "Humanitarian Parole"}, author = {Elizabeth Salerno Valdez and Luis A Valdez and Samantha Sabo}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26157791}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2015.00163}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-24}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {3}, number = {163}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Since October 2013, US Customs and Border Patrol has apprehended 15,979 families on the Southwest Border of the US. Daily, migrating women and children from Mexico and Central America that qualify for humanitarian parole are released from immigration detention to a humanitarian aid organization in Southern Arizona. After several days in detention facilities, these families arrive tired, hungry, dehydrated, and with minimal direction regarding their final destination, and adherence to the parameters of their parole. Project helping hands (PHHs) utilizes a network of volunteers to provide the women and children with food, water, clothing, hygiene products, hospitality, and legal orientation. The aim of this assessment was to document the experiences of families granted humanitarian parole through the lens of structural vulnerability. Here, we apply qualitative methods to elicit PHH lead volunteer perspectives regarding the migration experience of migrating families. Using inductive analysis, we found six major themes emerged from the qualitative data: reasons for leaving, experience on the journey, dehumanization in detention, family separation, vulnerability, and resiliency. These findings elucidate the different physical and psychological distresses that migrating families from Mexico and Central America experience before, during and after their arrival at the US-Mexico border. We posit that these distresses are a result of, or exacerbated by, structural vulnerability. Structural vulnerability has life-long health implications for a sub-population of young mothers and their children. The number of migrating families who have experienced traumatic events before and during their migration experience continues to expand and thus warrants consideration of mental health surveillance and intervention efforts for these families. More public health research is needed to better understand and combat the health challenges of this growing population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Since October 2013, US Customs and Border Patrol has apprehended 15,979 families on the Southwest Border of the US. Daily, migrating women and children from Mexico and Central America that qualify for humanitarian parole are released from immigration detention to a humanitarian aid organization in Southern Arizona. After several days in detention facilities, these families arrive tired, hungry, dehydrated, and with minimal direction regarding their final destination, and adherence to the parameters of their parole. Project helping hands (PHHs) utilizes a network of volunteers to provide the women and children with food, water, clothing, hygiene products, hospitality, and legal orientation. The aim of this assessment was to document the experiences of families granted humanitarian parole through the lens of structural vulnerability. Here, we apply qualitative methods to elicit PHH lead volunteer perspectives regarding the migration experience of migrating families. Using inductive analysis, we found six major themes emerged from the qualitative data: reasons for leaving, experience on the journey, dehumanization in detention, family separation, vulnerability, and resiliency. These findings elucidate the different physical and psychological distresses that migrating families from Mexico and Central America experience before, during and after their arrival at the US-Mexico border. We posit that these distresses are a result of, or exacerbated by, structural vulnerability. Structural vulnerability has life-long health implications for a sub-population of young mothers and their children. The number of migrating families who have experienced traumatic events before and during their migration experience continues to expand and thus warrants consideration of mental health surveillance and intervention efforts for these families. More public health research is needed to better understand and combat the health challenges of this growing population. |
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