NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
Please type in a key word or author LAST name to search
Panzera, Anthony D; Bryant, Carol A; Hawkins, Fran; Goff, Rhonda; Napier, Ashley; Schneider, Tali; Kirby, Russell S; Coulter, Martha L; Sappenfield, William M; Baldwin, Julie A; O'Rourke, Kathleen Mapping a WIC Mother's Journey: A preliminary analysis Journal Article Social Marketing Quarterly, 23 (2), pp. 1-17, 2017. @article{Panzera2017, title = {Mapping a WIC Mother's Journey: A preliminary analysis}, author = {Anthony D Panzera and Carol A Bryant and Fran Hawkins and Rhonda Goff and Ashley Napier and Tali Schneider and Russell S Kirby and Martha L Coulter and William M Sappenfield and Julie A Baldwin and Kathleen O'Rourke}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1524500417692526}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-02-21}, journal = {Social Marketing Quarterly}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {1-17}, abstract = {While the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides numerous benefits to many enrolled families across the United States, including access to nutritious foods, some recent drops in maternal participation in Kentucky resulted from failures to retrieve those benefits. We explored perceived benefits of and encountered barriers to food benefit retrieval. Journey mapping included direct observations of client appointments, clinic lobby areas, and a shopping experience and was augmented with focus groups conducted in two urban and two rural areas. Major touchpoints before WIC appointments, during those appointments at clinics, and after appointments when redeeming food benefits were identified. Across touchpoints, mothers identified childcare, transportation issues, long waits, confusion regarding eligibility, problems scheduling appointments, and stigma as barriers to their ability to retrieve food instruments. Despite these barriers mothers value the benefits of WIC, especially access to healthy foods, infant formula, and nutrition education. This work demonstrates a method by which WIC mothers’ experiences shed light on client service shortfalls and possible opportunities to improve client services.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } While the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides numerous benefits to many enrolled families across the United States, including access to nutritious foods, some recent drops in maternal participation in Kentucky resulted from failures to retrieve those benefits. We explored perceived benefits of and encountered barriers to food benefit retrieval. Journey mapping included direct observations of client appointments, clinic lobby areas, and a shopping experience and was augmented with focus groups conducted in two urban and two rural areas. Major touchpoints before WIC appointments, during those appointments at clinics, and after appointments when redeeming food benefits were identified. Across touchpoints, mothers identified childcare, transportation issues, long waits, confusion regarding eligibility, problems scheduling appointments, and stigma as barriers to their ability to retrieve food instruments. Despite these barriers mothers value the benefits of WIC, especially access to healthy foods, infant formula, and nutrition education. This work demonstrates a method by which WIC mothers’ experiences shed light on client service shortfalls and possible opportunities to improve client services. |
Camplain, Ricky; Kucharska-Newton, Anna; Cuthbertson, Carmen C; Wright, Jacqueline D; Alonso, Alvaro; Heiss, Gerardo Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 26 (4), pp. 421-428, 2017. @article{Camplain2017c, title = {Misclassification of incident hospitalized and outpatient heart failure in administrative claims data: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Anna Kucharska-Newton and Carmen C Cuthbertson and Jacqueline D Wright and Alvaro Alonso and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.4162/abstract;jsessionid=84471AF98391D8C41703CB2E376B34F1.f04t01}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-25}, journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {421-428}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the length of the look-back period on misclassification of heart failure (HF) incidence in Medicare claims available for participants of a population-based cohort. METHODS: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants with ≥3 years of continuous fee-for-service Medicare enrollment from 2000 to 2012 was assigned an index date 36 months after enrollment separating the time-in-observation period into the look-back and the incidence periods. Incident HF events were identified using ICD-9-CM code algorithms as the first observed hospitalization claim or the second of two HF outpatient claims occurring within 12 months. Using 36 months as a referent, the look-back period was reduced by 6-month increments. For each look-back period, we calculated the incidence rate, percent of prevalent HF events misclassified as incident, and loss in sample size. RESULTS: We identified 9568 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at risk for HF. For hospitalized and outpatient HF, the number of events misclassified as incident increased, and the total number of incident events decreased with increased length of the look-back period. The incident rate (per 1000 person years) decreased with increased length of the look-back period from 6 to 36 months and had a greater impact on outpatient HF; for example, from 11.2 to 10.6 for ICD-9-CM 428.xx hospitalization in the primary position and 10.5 to 7.9 for outpatient HF. CONCLUSION: Our estimates can be used to optimize trade-offs between the degree of misclassification and number of events in the estimation of incident HF from administrative claims data, as pertinent to different study questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the length of the look-back period on misclassification of heart failure (HF) incidence in Medicare claims available for participants of a population-based cohort. METHODS: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants with ≥3 years of continuous fee-for-service Medicare enrollment from 2000 to 2012 was assigned an index date 36 months after enrollment separating the time-in-observation period into the look-back and the incidence periods. Incident HF events were identified using ICD-9-CM code algorithms as the first observed hospitalization claim or the second of two HF outpatient claims occurring within 12 months. Using 36 months as a referent, the look-back period was reduced by 6-month increments. For each look-back period, we calculated the incidence rate, percent of prevalent HF events misclassified as incident, and loss in sample size. RESULTS: We identified 9568 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at risk for HF. For hospitalized and outpatient HF, the number of events misclassified as incident increased, and the total number of incident events decreased with increased length of the look-back period. The incident rate (per 1000 person years) decreased with increased length of the look-back period from 6 to 36 months and had a greater impact on outpatient HF; for example, from 11.2 to 10.6 for ICD-9-CM 428.xx hospitalization in the primary position and 10.5 to 7.9 for outpatient HF. CONCLUSION: Our estimates can be used to optimize trade-offs between the degree of misclassification and number of events in the estimation of incident HF from administrative claims data, as pertinent to different study questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
Davis, Jenna L; McGinnis, Kara E; Walsh, Margaret L; Williams, Coni; Sneed, Kevin B; Baldwin, Julie A; Green, Lee B An Innovative Approach for Community Engagement: Using an Audience Response System Journal Article Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 5 (2), pp. 1, 2017. @article{Davis2017, title = {An Innovative Approach for Community Engagement: Using an Audience Response System}, author = {Jenna L Davis and Kara E McGinnis and Margaret L Walsh and Coni Williams and Kevin B Sneed and Julie A Baldwin and Lee B Green}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302776}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Community-based participatory research methods allow for community engagement in the effort to reduce cancer health disparities. Community engagement involves health professionals becoming a part of the community in order to build trust, learn from the community and empower them to reduce disparities through their own initiatives and ideas. Audience Response Systems (ARS) are an innovative and engaging way to involve the community and obtain data for research purposes using keypads to report results via power point. The use of ARS within communities is very limited and serves to widen the disparity gap by not delivering new advances in medical knowledge and technology among all population groups. ARS was implemented at a community town hall event sponsored by a National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Exploratory Center of Excellence, the Center for Equal Health. Participants appreciated being able to see how everyone else answered and felt included in the research process. ARS is beneficial because the community can answer truthfully and provides instant research results. Additionally, researchers can collect large amounts of data quickly, in a non-threatening way while tracking individual responses anonymously. Audience Response Systems proved to be an effective tool for successfully accomplishing community-based participatory research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community-based participatory research methods allow for community engagement in the effort to reduce cancer health disparities. Community engagement involves health professionals becoming a part of the community in order to build trust, learn from the community and empower them to reduce disparities through their own initiatives and ideas. Audience Response Systems (ARS) are an innovative and engaging way to involve the community and obtain data for research purposes using keypads to report results via power point. The use of ARS within communities is very limited and serves to widen the disparity gap by not delivering new advances in medical knowledge and technology among all population groups. ARS was implemented at a community town hall event sponsored by a National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Exploratory Center of Excellence, the Center for Equal Health. Participants appreciated being able to see how everyone else answered and felt included in the research process. ARS is beneficial because the community can answer truthfully and provides instant research results. Additionally, researchers can collect large amounts of data quickly, in a non-threatening way while tracking individual responses anonymously. Audience Response Systems proved to be an effective tool for successfully accomplishing community-based participatory research. |
Williamson, Heather J; Perkins, Elizabeth A; Acosta, Annie; Fitzgerald, Maureen; Agrawal, Jui; Massey, Oliver T Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 13 (4), pp. 287-296, 2016. @article{Williamson2016, title = {Family Caregivers of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Experiences with Medicaid Managed Care Long-Term Services and Supports in the United States}, author = {Heather J Williamson and Elizabeth A Perkins and Annie Acosta and Maureen Fitzgerald and Jui Agrawal and Oliver T Massey}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jppi.12198/abstract}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-01}, journal = {Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {287-296}, abstract = {A majority of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities need the support of a family caregiver. In the USA, more states are transitioning to a managed care model to provide long-term services and supports (LTSS) and family caregivers are vital partners in the successful management of LTSS. This study's purpose is to illustrate the lived experience of receiving LTSS in a managed care model from the family caregiver perspective. In-depth semi-structured interviews were completed with 16 caregivers in four states with Medicaid managed LTSS (MLTSS). The themes include the importance of the family caregiver as supported and active partners in the provision of MLTSS, the family caregiver experiences with care coordination and access to services in MLTSS, and the family caregivers’ overall impression of MLTSS. Results indicate caregiver advocacy is critical to coordinating needed MLTSS and family support services help caregiver's maintain their vital role in the MLTSS system. Access to services and care coordination in MTLSS varies depending on state of residence. Some caregivers experienced less flexibility in the provision of services and supports and limited access to services making it more complicated for them to feel supported in their caregiving role. Care coordination in MLTSS was largely seen as paperwork processing function. Family caregivers can provide a wealth of knowledge from lived experiences on best practices for MLTSS. Given the move to more home and community-based services, the role of the family caregiver as an active partners in MLTSS will remain the reality for many individuals with IDD. Family caregivers are a key component in MLTSS and more needs to be done to encourage their involvement in the design and oversight of MLTSS. More research is needed to explore best practices for effective stakeholder engagement in the provision of MLTSS.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A majority of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities need the support of a family caregiver. In the USA, more states are transitioning to a managed care model to provide long-term services and supports (LTSS) and family caregivers are vital partners in the successful management of LTSS. This study's purpose is to illustrate the lived experience of receiving LTSS in a managed care model from the family caregiver perspective. In-depth semi-structured interviews were completed with 16 caregivers in four states with Medicaid managed LTSS (MLTSS). The themes include the importance of the family caregiver as supported and active partners in the provision of MLTSS, the family caregiver experiences with care coordination and access to services in MLTSS, and the family caregivers’ overall impression of MLTSS. Results indicate caregiver advocacy is critical to coordinating needed MLTSS and family support services help caregiver's maintain their vital role in the MLTSS system. Access to services and care coordination in MTLSS varies depending on state of residence. Some caregivers experienced less flexibility in the provision of services and supports and limited access to services making it more complicated for them to feel supported in their caregiving role. Care coordination in MLTSS was largely seen as paperwork processing function. Family caregivers can provide a wealth of knowledge from lived experiences on best practices for MLTSS. Given the move to more home and community-based services, the role of the family caregiver as an active partners in MLTSS will remain the reality for many individuals with IDD. Family caregivers are a key component in MLTSS and more needs to be done to encourage their involvement in the design and oversight of MLTSS. More research is needed to explore best practices for effective stakeholder engagement in the provision of MLTSS. |
Fleischhacker, Sheila; Roberts, Erica; Camplain, Ricky; Evenson, Kelly R; Gittelsohn, Joel Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 3 (4), pp. 608-624, 2016. @article{Fleischhacker2016, title = {Promoting Physical Activity Among Native American Youth: a Systematic Review of the Methodology and Current Evidence of Physical Activity Interventions and Community-wide Initiatives}, author = {Sheila Fleischhacker and Erica Roberts and Ricky Camplain and Kelly R Evenson and Joel Gittelsohn}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40615-015-0180-1}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-01}, journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {608-624}, abstract = {Promoting physical activity using environmental, policy, and systems approaches could potentially address persistent health disparities faced by American Indian and Alaska Native children and adolescents. To address research gaps and help inform tribally led community changes that promote physical activity, this review examined the methodology and current evidence of physical activity interventions and community-wide initiatives among Native youth. A keyword-guided search was conducted in multiple databases to identify peer-reviewed research articles that reported on physical activity among Native youth. Ultimately, 20 unique interventions (described in 76 articles) and 13 unique community-wide initiatives (described in 16 articles) met the study criteria. Four interventions noted positive changes in knowledge and attitude relating to physical activity but none of the interventions examined reported statistically significant improvements on weight-related outcomes. Only six interventions reported implementing environmental, policy, and system approaches relating to promoting physical activity and generally only shared anecdotal information about the approaches tried. Using community-based participatory research or tribally driven research models strengthened the tribal-research partnerships and improved the cultural and contextual sensitivity of the intervention or community-wide initiative. Few interventions or community-wide initiatives examined multi-level, multi-sector interventions to promote physical activity among Native youth, families, and communities. More research is needed to measure and monitor physical activity within this understudied, high risk group. Future research could also focus on the unique authority and opportunity of tribal leaders and other key stakeholders to use environmental, policy, and systems approaches to raise a healthier generation of Native youth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Promoting physical activity using environmental, policy, and systems approaches could potentially address persistent health disparities faced by American Indian and Alaska Native children and adolescents. To address research gaps and help inform tribally led community changes that promote physical activity, this review examined the methodology and current evidence of physical activity interventions and community-wide initiatives among Native youth. A keyword-guided search was conducted in multiple databases to identify peer-reviewed research articles that reported on physical activity among Native youth. Ultimately, 20 unique interventions (described in 76 articles) and 13 unique community-wide initiatives (described in 16 articles) met the study criteria. Four interventions noted positive changes in knowledge and attitude relating to physical activity but none of the interventions examined reported statistically significant improvements on weight-related outcomes. Only six interventions reported implementing environmental, policy, and system approaches relating to promoting physical activity and generally only shared anecdotal information about the approaches tried. Using community-based participatory research or tribally driven research models strengthened the tribal-research partnerships and improved the cultural and contextual sensitivity of the intervention or community-wide initiative. Few interventions or community-wide initiatives examined multi-level, multi-sector interventions to promote physical activity among Native youth, families, and communities. More research is needed to measure and monitor physical activity within this understudied, high risk group. Future research could also focus on the unique authority and opportunity of tribal leaders and other key stakeholders to use environmental, policy, and systems approaches to raise a healthier generation of Native youth. |
Hunter, Wynn G; Hesson, Ashley; Davis, Kelly J; Kirby, Christine; Williamson, Lillie D; Barnett, Jamison A; Ubel, Peter A Patient-physician discussions about costs: Definitions and impact on cost conversation incidence estimates Journal Article BMC Health Services Research, 16 (1), pp. 108, 2016. @article{Hunter2016b, title = {Patient-physician discussions about costs: Definitions and impact on cost conversation incidence estimates}, author = {Wynn G Hunter and Ashley Hesson and Kelly J Davis and Christine Kirby and Lillie D Williamson and Jamison A Barnett and Peter A Ubel}, url = {https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-016-1353-2}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-12-01}, journal = {BMC Health Services Research}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {108}, abstract = {Nearly one in three Americans are financially burdened by their medical expenses. To mitigate financial distress, experts recommend routine physician-patient cost conversations. However, the content and incidence of these conversations are unclear, and rigorous definitions are lacking. We sought to develop a novel set of cost conversation definitions, and determine the impact of definitional variation on cost conversation incidence in three clinical settings. Retrospective, mixed-methods analysis of transcribed dialogue from 1,755 outpatient encounters for routine clinical management of breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and depression, occurring between 2010–2014. We developed cost conversation definitions using summative content analysis. Transcripts were evaluated independently by at least two members of our multi-disciplinary team to determine cost conversation incidence using each definition. Incidence estimates were compared using Pearson’s Chi-Square Tests. Three cost conversation definitions emerged from our analysis: (a) Out-of-Pocket (OoP) Cost -- discussion of the patient’s OoP costs for a healthcare service; (b) Cost/Coverage -- discussion of the patient’s OoP costs or insurance coverage; (c) Cost of Illness-- discussion of financial costs or insurance coverage related to health or healthcare. These definitions were hierarchical; OoP Cost was a subset of Cost/Coverage, which was a subset of Cost of Illness. In each clinical setting, we observed significant variation in the incidence of cost conversations when using different definitions; breast oncology: 16, 22, 24 % of clinic visits contained cost conversation (OOP Cost, Cost …}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nearly one in three Americans are financially burdened by their medical expenses. To mitigate financial distress, experts recommend routine physician-patient cost conversations. However, the content and incidence of these conversations are unclear, and rigorous definitions are lacking. We sought to develop a novel set of cost conversation definitions, and determine the impact of definitional variation on cost conversation incidence in three clinical settings. Retrospective, mixed-methods analysis of transcribed dialogue from 1,755 outpatient encounters for routine clinical management of breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and depression, occurring between 2010–2014. We developed cost conversation definitions using summative content analysis. Transcripts were evaluated independently by at least two members of our multi-disciplinary team to determine cost conversation incidence using each definition. Incidence estimates were compared using Pearson’s Chi-Square Tests. Three cost conversation definitions emerged from our analysis: (a) Out-of-Pocket (OoP) Cost -- discussion of the patient’s OoP costs for a healthcare service; (b) Cost/Coverage -- discussion of the patient’s OoP costs or insurance coverage; (c) Cost of Illness-- discussion of financial costs or insurance coverage related to health or healthcare. These definitions were hierarchical; OoP Cost was a subset of Cost/Coverage, which was a subset of Cost of Illness. In each clinical setting, we observed significant variation in the incidence of cost conversations when using different definitions; breast oncology: 16, 22, 24 % of clinic visits contained cost conversation (OOP Cost, Cost … |
Eaves, Emery R; Nichter, Mark; Howerter, Amy; Floden, Lysbeth; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Gordon, Judith S; MPH2, Myra Muramoto L Printed Educational Materials' Impact on Tobacco Cessation Brief Interventions in CAM Practice: Patient and Practitioner Experiences Journal Article Health Promotion Practice, 17 (6), pp. 862-870, 2016. @article{Eaves2016, title = {Printed Educational Materials' Impact on Tobacco Cessation Brief Interventions in CAM Practice: Patient and Practitioner Experiences}, author = {Emery R Eaves and Mark Nichter and Amy Howerter and Lysbeth Floden and Cheryl Ritenbaugh and Judith S Gordon and Myra Muramoto L MPH2}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591225}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-11-01}, journal = {Health Promotion Practice}, volume = {17}, number = {6}, pages = {862-870}, abstract = {Printed educational materials (PEMs) have long demonstrated their usefulness as economical and effective media for health communication. In this article, we evaluate the impact of targeted tobacco cessation PEMS for use along with a brief intervention training designed for three types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners: chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage. We describe how PEMs in CAM practitioners' offices were perceived and used by practitioners and by patients. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 53 practitioners and 38 of their patients. This analysis specifically focused on developing and distributing project-related posters and pamphlets in CAM practice. Our findings indicate that materials (1) legitimated tobacco-related expertise among CAM practitioners and tobacco-related conversations as part of routine CAM practice, (2) increased practitioners' willingness to approach the topic of tobacco with patients, (3) created an effective way to communicate tobacco-related information and broaden the reach of brief intervention initiatives, and (4) were given to patients who were not willing to engage in direct discussion of tobacco use with practitioners.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Printed educational materials (PEMs) have long demonstrated their usefulness as economical and effective media for health communication. In this article, we evaluate the impact of targeted tobacco cessation PEMS for use along with a brief intervention training designed for three types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners: chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage. We describe how PEMs in CAM practitioners' offices were perceived and used by practitioners and by patients. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 53 practitioners and 38 of their patients. This analysis specifically focused on developing and distributing project-related posters and pamphlets in CAM practice. Our findings indicate that materials (1) legitimated tobacco-related expertise among CAM practitioners and tobacco-related conversations as part of routine CAM practice, (2) increased practitioners' willingness to approach the topic of tobacco with patients, (3) created an effective way to communicate tobacco-related information and broaden the reach of brief intervention initiatives, and (4) were given to patients who were not willing to engage in direct discussion of tobacco use with practitioners. |
Chief, Carmenlita; Sabo, Samantha; Clark, Hershel; Henderson, Patricia Nez; Yazzie, Alfred; Nahee, Jacqueline; Leischow, Scott J Tobacco Control, 25 , pp. 19-25, 2016. @article{Chief2016, title = {Breathing clean air is Są’áh Naagháí Bik'eh Hózhóó (SNBH): a culturally centered approach to understanding commercial smoke-free policy among the Diné (Navajo People)}, author = {Carmenlita Chief and Samantha Sabo and Hershel Clark and Patricia Nez Henderson and Alfred Yazzie and Jacqueline Nahee and Scott J Leischow}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053081}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-03}, journal = {Tobacco Control}, volume = {25}, pages = {19-25}, abstract = {Introduction Indigenous worldviews and research approaches are fundamental to make meaning of complex health issues and increase the likelihood of identifying existing cultural protective factors that have contributed to the resilience and survival of Indigenous people worldwide. Objective: We describe the process for applying the Diné (Navajo) paradigm of Są’áh Naagháí Bik'eh Hózhóó (SNBH), a belief system that guides harmonious living, and demonstrate how the application of SNBH enhances understanding of Navajo principles for well-being. Specifically, we juxtapose this analysis with a conventional qualitative analysis to illuminate and interpret Diné perspectives on the health and economic impact of commercial secondhand smoke and smoke-free policy. Methods Focus groups were conducted throughout Navajo Nation to assess the appeal and impact of several evidence-based messages regarding the health and economic impact of smoke-free policy. Results Diné perspectives have shifted away from family and cultural teachings considered protective of a smoke-free life, and struggle to balance the ethical and economics of respect for individual and collective rights to live and work in smoke-free environments. Conclusions Indigenous-centered approaches to public health research and policy analysis contribute to understanding the cultural knowledge, practices and beliefs that are protective of the health and well-being of Indigenous people.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introduction Indigenous worldviews and research approaches are fundamental to make meaning of complex health issues and increase the likelihood of identifying existing cultural protective factors that have contributed to the resilience and survival of Indigenous people worldwide. Objective: We describe the process for applying the Diné (Navajo) paradigm of Są’áh Naagháí Bik'eh Hózhóó (SNBH), a belief system that guides harmonious living, and demonstrate how the application of SNBH enhances understanding of Navajo principles for well-being. Specifically, we juxtapose this analysis with a conventional qualitative analysis to illuminate and interpret Diné perspectives on the health and economic impact of commercial secondhand smoke and smoke-free policy. Methods Focus groups were conducted throughout Navajo Nation to assess the appeal and impact of several evidence-based messages regarding the health and economic impact of smoke-free policy. Results Diné perspectives have shifted away from family and cultural teachings considered protective of a smoke-free life, and struggle to balance the ethical and economics of respect for individual and collective rights to live and work in smoke-free environments. Conclusions Indigenous-centered approaches to public health research and policy analysis contribute to understanding the cultural knowledge, practices and beliefs that are protective of the health and well-being of Indigenous people. |
Pachter, Lee M; Weller, Susan C; Baer, Roberta D; de Garcia, Javier Garcia Alba E; Glazer, Mark; Trotter, Robert; Klein, Robert E; Gonzalez, Eduardo Culture and Dehydration: A Comparative Study of Caída de la Mollera (Fallen Fontanel) in Three Latino Populations Journal Article Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18 (5), pp. 1066-1075, 2016. @article{Pachter2016, title = {Culture and Dehydration: A Comparative Study of Caída de la Mollera (Fallen Fontanel) in Three Latino Populations}, author = {Lee M Pachter and Susan C Weller and Roberta D Baer and Javier Garcia Alba E de Garcia and Mark Glazer and Robert Trotter and Robert E Klein and Eduardo Gonzalez}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10903-015-0259-0}, doi = {10.1007/s10903-015-0259-0}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-01}, journal = {Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health}, volume = {18}, number = {5}, pages = {1066-1075}, abstract = {A sunken soft-spot or fontanel is a sign for dehydration in infants. Around the world, folk illnesses, such as caída de la mollera in some Latin American cultures, often incorporate this sign as a hallmark of illness, but may or may not incorporate re-hydration therapies in treatment strategies. This report describes a study of lay descriptions of causes, symptoms, and treatments for caída de la mollera in three diverse Latin American populations. A mixed-methods approach was used. Representative community-based samples were interviewed in rural Guatemala, Guadalajara, Mexico, and Edinburgh, Texas, with a 132 item questionnaire on the causes, susceptibility, symptoms, and therapies for caída de la mollera. Cultural consensus analysis was used to estimate community beliefs about caída. Interviews conducted in rural Guatemala (n = 60), urban Mexico (n = 62), and rural Texas on the Mexican border (n = 61) indicated consistency in thematic elements within and among these three diverse communities. The high degree of consistency in the illness explanatory models indicated shared beliefs about caída de la mollera in each of the communities and a core model shared across communities. However, an important aspect of the community beliefs was that rehydration therapies were not widely endorsed. The consistency in explanatory models in such diverse communities, as well as the high degree of recognition and experience with this illness, may facilitate communication between community members, and health care providers/public health intervention planners to increase use of rehydration therapies for caída de la mollera. Recommendations for culturally informed and respectful approaches to clinical communication are provided.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A sunken soft-spot or fontanel is a sign for dehydration in infants. Around the world, folk illnesses, such as caída de la mollera in some Latin American cultures, often incorporate this sign as a hallmark of illness, but may or may not incorporate re-hydration therapies in treatment strategies. This report describes a study of lay descriptions of causes, symptoms, and treatments for caída de la mollera in three diverse Latin American populations. A mixed-methods approach was used. Representative community-based samples were interviewed in rural Guatemala, Guadalajara, Mexico, and Edinburgh, Texas, with a 132 item questionnaire on the causes, susceptibility, symptoms, and therapies for caída de la mollera. Cultural consensus analysis was used to estimate community beliefs about caída. Interviews conducted in rural Guatemala (n = 60), urban Mexico (n = 62), and rural Texas on the Mexican border (n = 61) indicated consistency in thematic elements within and among these three diverse communities. The high degree of consistency in the illness explanatory models indicated shared beliefs about caída de la mollera in each of the communities and a core model shared across communities. However, an important aspect of the community beliefs was that rehydration therapies were not widely endorsed. The consistency in explanatory models in such diverse communities, as well as the high degree of recognition and experience with this illness, may facilitate communication between community members, and health care providers/public health intervention planners to increase use of rehydration therapies for caída de la mollera. Recommendations for culturally informed and respectful approaches to clinical communication are provided. |
Hunter, Wynn G; Zhang, Cecilia Z; Hesson, Ashley; Davis, Kelly J; Kirby, Christine; Williamson, Lillie D; Barnett, Jamison A; Ubel, Peter A Medical Decision Making, 36 (7), pp. 900-910, 2016. @article{Hunter2016b, title = {What strategies do physicians and patients discuss to reduce out-of-pocket costs? Analysis of cost-saving strategies in 1,755 outpatient clinic visits}, author = {Wynn G Hunter and Cecilia Z Zhang and Ashley Hesson and Kelly J Davis and Christine Kirby and Lillie D Williamson and Jamison A Barnett and Peter A Ubel}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0272989X15626384}, doi = {10.1177/0272989X15626384}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-10-01}, journal = {Medical Decision Making}, volume = {36}, number = {7}, pages = {900-910}, abstract = {Background. More than 1 in 4 Americans report difficulty paying medical bills. Cost-reducing strategies discussed during outpatient physician visits remain poorly characterized. Objective. We sought to determine how often patients and physicians discuss health care costs during outpatient visits and what strategies, if any, they discussed to lower patient out-of-pocket costs. Design. Retrospective analysis of dialogue from 1,755 outpatient visits in community-based practices nationwide from 2010 to 2014. The study population included 677 patients with breast cancer, 422 with depression, and 656 with rheumatoid arthritis visiting 56 oncologists, 36 psychiatrists, and 26 rheumatologists, respectively. Results. Thirty percent of visits contained cost conversations (95% confidence interval [CI], 28 to 32). Forty-four percent of cost conversations involved discussion of cost-saving strategies (95% CI, 40 to 48; median …}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background. More than 1 in 4 Americans report difficulty paying medical bills. Cost-reducing strategies discussed during outpatient physician visits remain poorly characterized. Objective. We sought to determine how often patients and physicians discuss health care costs during outpatient visits and what strategies, if any, they discussed to lower patient out-of-pocket costs. Design. Retrospective analysis of dialogue from 1,755 outpatient visits in community-based practices nationwide from 2010 to 2014. The study population included 677 patients with breast cancer, 422 with depression, and 656 with rheumatoid arthritis visiting 56 oncologists, 36 psychiatrists, and 26 rheumatologists, respectively. Results. Thirty percent of visits contained cost conversations (95% confidence interval [CI], 28 to 32). Forty-four percent of cost conversations involved discussion of cost-saving strategies (95% CI, 40 to 48; median … |
Elwell, Kristan Facilitators and barriers to treatment adherence within PMTCT programs in Malawi Journal Article AIDS Care, 28 (8), pp. 971-975, 2016. @article{Elwell2016, title = {Facilitators and barriers to treatment adherence within PMTCT programs in Malawi}, author = {Kristan Elwell}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26984065}, doi = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1153586}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {AIDS Care}, volume = {28}, number = {8}, pages = {971-975}, abstract = {In Malawi, an innovative prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV program, Option B+, has greatly expanded access to antiretroviral treatment at no cost to women and their exposed infants. However, many women continue to experience social, cultural, and structural barriers impeding their ability to consistently access medical treatment. Understanding these women's perspectives may make programs more responsive to patients' needs. This qualitative study sought to explore factors influencing women's adherence within PMTCT programs in southern Malawi. Participants were current PMTCT patients (the first cohort following national implementation of Option B+), healthcare providers, community leaders, and patients who had dropped out of the program ("defaulters"). Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted to investigate barriers and facilitators to continued participation within PMTCT programs. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Barriers identified included fears of HIV disclosure to husbands, community-based HIV/AIDS stigma, and poor interactions with some health workers. Facilitators included the improved survival of PMTCT patients in recent years and the desire to remain healthy to care for one's children. This research highlights important sociocultural factors affecting adherence within HIV/AIDS treatment programs in Malawi. Recommendations to improve access to medical care for PMTCT patients include integrated services to increase attention to confidentiality and minimize stigma, shared HIV testing and counseling for couples to minimize conflict in gender-unequal relationships, and peer-led support groups to provide social support from other women with the shared experience of an HIV-positive serostatus.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Malawi, an innovative prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV program, Option B+, has greatly expanded access to antiretroviral treatment at no cost to women and their exposed infants. However, many women continue to experience social, cultural, and structural barriers impeding their ability to consistently access medical treatment. Understanding these women's perspectives may make programs more responsive to patients' needs. This qualitative study sought to explore factors influencing women's adherence within PMTCT programs in southern Malawi. Participants were current PMTCT patients (the first cohort following national implementation of Option B+), healthcare providers, community leaders, and patients who had dropped out of the program ("defaulters"). Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted to investigate barriers and facilitators to continued participation within PMTCT programs. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Barriers identified included fears of HIV disclosure to husbands, community-based HIV/AIDS stigma, and poor interactions with some health workers. Facilitators included the improved survival of PMTCT patients in recent years and the desire to remain healthy to care for one's children. This research highlights important sociocultural factors affecting adherence within HIV/AIDS treatment programs in Malawi. Recommendations to improve access to medical care for PMTCT patients include integrated services to increase attention to confidentiality and minimize stigma, shared HIV testing and counseling for couples to minimize conflict in gender-unequal relationships, and peer-led support groups to provide social support from other women with the shared experience of an HIV-positive serostatus. |
Bleck, Jennifer; DeBate, Rita; Levin, Bruce Lubotsky; Baldwin, Julie A Underlying mechanisms and trajectory of comorbid ADHD and eating disorders: Proposing an integrative systems framework for informing research Journal Article International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14 (4), pp. 449-458, 2016. @article{Bleck2016, title = {Underlying mechanisms and trajectory of comorbid ADHD and eating disorders: Proposing an integrative systems framework for informing research}, author = {Jennifer Bleck and Rita DeBate and Bruce Lubotsky Levin and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-015-9593-7}, doi = {10.1007/s11469-015-9593-7}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {449-458}, abstract = {ADHD and eating disorders are both significant public health issues. Emerging evidence suggests that ADHD and eating disorders may be comorbid resulting in increased severity of associated health issues. Although several hypotheses have been proposed with respect to the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity, there is a need for a conceptual model, which presents the simultaneous investigation of the trajectory of onset and multiple hypotheses. The current paper proposes an innovative conceptual model that can be used to simultaneously explore hypothesized underlying mechanisms by triangulating current literature with aspects of the biopsychosocial model, life course approach, Risk Regulator Framework, research domain criteria matrix, and the person-environment transaction theory. Designated within the model are proposed pathways that serve to describe how various psychosocial and psychiatric risk regulators and genetic risk factors combine to influence the comorbidity across the lifespan. The proposed conceptual model can provide the foundation for further research regarding comorbid ADHD and eating disorders in addition to translation for use among other comorbid conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ADHD and eating disorders are both significant public health issues. Emerging evidence suggests that ADHD and eating disorders may be comorbid resulting in increased severity of associated health issues. Although several hypotheses have been proposed with respect to the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity, there is a need for a conceptual model, which presents the simultaneous investigation of the trajectory of onset and multiple hypotheses. The current paper proposes an innovative conceptual model that can be used to simultaneously explore hypothesized underlying mechanisms by triangulating current literature with aspects of the biopsychosocial model, life course approach, Risk Regulator Framework, research domain criteria matrix, and the person-environment transaction theory. Designated within the model are proposed pathways that serve to describe how various psychosocial and psychiatric risk regulators and genetic risk factors combine to influence the comorbidity across the lifespan. The proposed conceptual model can provide the foundation for further research regarding comorbid ADHD and eating disorders in addition to translation for use among other comorbid conditions. |
Cragun, Deborah; Pal, Tuya; Vadaparampil, Susan T; Baldwin, Julie A; Hampel, Heather; DeBate, Rita D Qualitative Comparative Analysis: A Hybrid Method for Identifying Factors Associated with Program Effectiveness Journal Article Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10 (3), pp. 251-272, 2016, ISBN: 1558-6898. @article{Cragun2016, title = {Qualitative Comparative Analysis: A Hybrid Method for Identifying Factors Associated with Program Effectiveness}, author = {Deborah Cragun and Tuya Pal and Susan T Vadaparampil and Julie A Baldwin and Heather Hampel and Rita D DeBate}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1558689815572023}, isbn = {1558-6898}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-07-01}, journal = {Journal of Mixed Methods Research}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {251-272}, abstract = {Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was developed over 25 years ago to bridge the qualitative and quantitative research gap. On searching PubMed and the Journal of Mixed Methods Research, this review identified 30 original research studies that used QCA. Perceptions that QCA is complex and provides few relative advantages over other methods may be limiting QCA adoption. Thus, to overcome these perceptions, this article demonstrates how to perform QCA using data from 15 institutions that implemented universal tumor screening programs to identify patients at high risk for hereditary colorectal cancer. In this example, QCA revealed a combination of conditions unique to effective universal tumor screening programs. Results informed additional research and provided a model for improving patient follow-through after a positive screen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was developed over 25 years ago to bridge the qualitative and quantitative research gap. On searching PubMed and the Journal of Mixed Methods Research, this review identified 30 original research studies that used QCA. Perceptions that QCA is complex and provides few relative advantages over other methods may be limiting QCA adoption. Thus, to overcome these perceptions, this article demonstrates how to perform QCA using data from 15 institutions that implemented universal tumor screening programs to identify patients at high risk for hereditary colorectal cancer. In this example, QCA revealed a combination of conditions unique to effective universal tumor screening programs. Results informed additional research and provided a model for improving patient follow-through after a positive screen. |
Wheldon, Christopher W; Daley, Ellen M; Walsh-Buhi, Eric R; Baldwin, Julie A; Nyitray, Alan G; Giuliano, Anna R An Integrative Theoretical Framework for HPV Vaccine Promotion Among Male Sexual Minorities Journal Article American Journal of Men's Health, pp. 1-12, 2016. @article{Wheldon2016, title = {An Integrative Theoretical Framework for HPV Vaccine Promotion Among Male Sexual Minorities}, author = {Christopher W Wheldon and Ellen M Daley and Eric R Walsh-Buhi and Julie A Baldwin and Alan G Nyitray and Anna R Giuliano}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27272241}, doi = {10.1177/1557988316652937}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-06}, journal = {American Journal of Men's Health}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {The objective of the current study was to quantify the behavioral intentions of young adult male sexual minorities (MSM) to initiate human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and test an integrative model of HPV vaccine decision making. Participants were 575 MSM who were residing in the United States and were between ages 18 and 26 years. Standard direct and indirect measures of attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control were employed to explain variation in behavioral intention. Additional background factors-such as concealment of one's sexual identity, suspicion of health care provider competence in LGBT health issues, perceived threat, and information orientation-were also included in the model. The final model fit the data well and identified a set of salient attitudinal and control beliefs as the strongest determinants of intention (R2 = .38). Perceived threat and information orientation were positively correlated with HPV-related beliefs. Perceived threat was higher among men infected with HIV and lower among men in monogamous relationships. Self-efficacy, as an indirect measure of perceived behavioral control, was inversely related to the general tendency to conceal aspects of one's sexual orientation and a suspicion of health care providers. Bisexual identified men were more likely to conceal their sexual orientation and be more suspicious of health care providers. In this study, a number of modifiable determinants of HPV vaccine intentions-both psychosocial and environmental-were identified and have implications for targeted and tailored behavioral interventions to promote HPV vaccination among MSM.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of the current study was to quantify the behavioral intentions of young adult male sexual minorities (MSM) to initiate human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and test an integrative model of HPV vaccine decision making. Participants were 575 MSM who were residing in the United States and were between ages 18 and 26 years. Standard direct and indirect measures of attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control were employed to explain variation in behavioral intention. Additional background factors-such as concealment of one's sexual identity, suspicion of health care provider competence in LGBT health issues, perceived threat, and information orientation-were also included in the model. The final model fit the data well and identified a set of salient attitudinal and control beliefs as the strongest determinants of intention (R2 = .38). Perceived threat and information orientation were positively correlated with HPV-related beliefs. Perceived threat was higher among men infected with HIV and lower among men in monogamous relationships. Self-efficacy, as an indirect measure of perceived behavioral control, was inversely related to the general tendency to conceal aspects of one's sexual orientation and a suspicion of health care providers. Bisexual identified men were more likely to conceal their sexual orientation and be more suspicious of health care providers. In this study, a number of modifiable determinants of HPV vaccine intentions-both psychosocial and environmental-were identified and have implications for targeted and tailored behavioral interventions to promote HPV vaccination among MSM. |
Green, Robert C; Goddard, Katrina AB; Jarvik, Gail P; Amendola, Laura M; ..., ; Kirby, Christine Clinical sequencing exploratory research consortium: Accelerating evidence-based practice of genomic medicine Journal Article The American Journal of Human Genetics, 98 (6), pp. 1051-1066, 2016. @article{Green2016, title = {Clinical sequencing exploratory research consortium: Accelerating evidence-based practice of genomic medicine}, author = {Robert C Green and Katrina AB Goddard and Gail P Jarvik and Laura M Amendola and ... and Christine Kirby}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929716301069}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.011}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-02}, journal = {The American Journal of Human Genetics}, volume = {98}, number = {6}, pages = {1051-1066}, abstract = {Despite rapid technical progress and demonstrable effectiveness for some types of diagnosis and therapy, much remains to be learned about clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES) and its role within the practice of medicine. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) consortium includes 18 extramural research projects, one National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) intramural project, and a coordinating center funded by the NHGRI and National Cancer Institute. The consortium is exploring analytic and clinical validity and utility, as well as the ethical, legal, and social implications of sequencing via multidisciplinary approaches; it has thus far recruited 5,577 participants across a spectrum of symptomatic and healthy children and adults by utilizing both germline and cancer sequencing. The CSER consortium is analyzing data and creating publically available procedures and tools …}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Despite rapid technical progress and demonstrable effectiveness for some types of diagnosis and therapy, much remains to be learned about clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES) and its role within the practice of medicine. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) consortium includes 18 extramural research projects, one National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) intramural project, and a coordinating center funded by the NHGRI and National Cancer Institute. The consortium is exploring analytic and clinical validity and utility, as well as the ethical, legal, and social implications of sequencing via multidisciplinary approaches; it has thus far recruited 5,577 participants across a spectrum of symptomatic and healthy children and adults by utilizing both germline and cancer sequencing. The CSER consortium is analyzing data and creating publically available procedures and tools … |
Maness, Sarah B; Buhi, Eric R; Daley, Ellen M; Baldwin, Julie A; Kromrey, Jeffrey D Social Determinants of Health and Adolescent Pregnancy: An Analysis From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Journal Article Journal of Adolescent Health, 58 (6), pp. 636-643, 2016. @article{Maness2016, title = {Social Determinants of Health and Adolescent Pregnancy: An Analysis From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health}, author = {Sarah B Maness and Eric R Buhi and Ellen M Daley and Julie A Baldwin and Jeffrey D Kromrey}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27020277}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.02.006}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, volume = {58}, number = {6}, pages = {636-643}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Although rates of adolescent pregnancy are at an all-time low in the United States, racial/ethnic and geographic disparities persist. This research used National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data to analyze empirical relationships between social determinants of health (SDoH) and adolescent pregnancy. Examining relationships between the SDoH and adolescent pregnancy provides support for funding priorities and interventions that expand on the current focus on individual and interpersonal-level factors. METHODS: On the basis of the Healthy People 2020 Social Determinants of Health Framework, the identification of proxy measures for SDoH within the Add Health study allowed for an analysis of relationships to adolescent pregnancy (N = 9,204). Logistic regression examined associations between adolescent pregnancy and each measure of SDoH. RESULTS: Results indicated that 6 of 17 measures of SDoH had an empirical relationship with adolescent pregnancy. Measures negatively associated with adolescent pregnancy included the following: feeling close to others at school, receipt of high school diploma, enrollment in higher education, participation in volunteering or community service, reporting litter or trash in the neighborhood environment as a big problem, and living in a two-parent home. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study support the need for increased research and intervention focus in SDoH related to areas of education and social and community context. Results of this study provide information for the allocation of resources to best address SDoH that show a link with adolescent pregnancy. Areas of future research can further explore the areas in which SDoH show a relationship with adolescent pregnancy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PURPOSE: Although rates of adolescent pregnancy are at an all-time low in the United States, racial/ethnic and geographic disparities persist. This research used National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data to analyze empirical relationships between social determinants of health (SDoH) and adolescent pregnancy. Examining relationships between the SDoH and adolescent pregnancy provides support for funding priorities and interventions that expand on the current focus on individual and interpersonal-level factors. METHODS: On the basis of the Healthy People 2020 Social Determinants of Health Framework, the identification of proxy measures for SDoH within the Add Health study allowed for an analysis of relationships to adolescent pregnancy (N = 9,204). Logistic regression examined associations between adolescent pregnancy and each measure of SDoH. RESULTS: Results indicated that 6 of 17 measures of SDoH had an empirical relationship with adolescent pregnancy. Measures negatively associated with adolescent pregnancy included the following: feeling close to others at school, receipt of high school diploma, enrollment in higher education, participation in volunteering or community service, reporting litter or trash in the neighborhood environment as a big problem, and living in a two-parent home. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study support the need for increased research and intervention focus in SDoH related to areas of education and social and community context. Results of this study provide information for the allocation of resources to best address SDoH that show a link with adolescent pregnancy. Areas of future research can further explore the areas in which SDoH show a relationship with adolescent pregnancy. |
Evenson, Kelly R; Brown, David R; Pearce, Emily; Camplain, Ricky; Jernigan, Jan; Epping, Jacqueline; Shepard, Dennis M; Dorn, Joan M Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners Journal Article Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 87 (2), pp. 207-213, 2016. @article{Evenson2016, title = {Evaluation of the Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners}, author = {Kelly R Evenson and David R Brown and Emily Pearce and Ricky Camplain and Jan Jernigan and Jacqueline Epping and Dennis M Shepard and Joan M Dorn}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4946847/}, doi = {10.1080/02701367.2016.1146942}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, journal = {Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport}, volume = {87}, number = {2}, pages = {207-213}, abstract = {From 1996 to 2013, a 6-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners has been offered yearly in the United States. An evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of the course on building public health capacity for physical activity and on shaping the physical activity and public health careers of fellows since taking the courses. METHOD: An evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings and surveyed fellows. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2012, 410 fellows attended the course, and in 2013, 186 participated in the Web-based survey (56% response rate). The number of fellows attending the course ranged from 15 to 33 yearly. From 1996 to 2012, the course averaged 38 hr of instructional time that included topics on interventions and environment/policy work to increase physical activity, program evaluation, public health research, and health disparities. The course included consultations, collaborative work, and field-based experiences. Fellows who participated in the survey agreed that the course had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), met their expectations (96%), helped them with research/practice collaborations with other physical activity professionals (96%), assisted them in conducting higher-quality interventions/programs (95%), helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%), and had a positive impact on other work they did (91%). Following the course, 66% and 56% had further contact with faculty and other fellows, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners made important contributions toward building the capacity of physical activity and public health practitioners.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } From 1996 to 2013, a 6-day Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners has been offered yearly in the United States. An evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of the course on building public health capacity for physical activity and on shaping the physical activity and public health careers of fellows since taking the courses. METHOD: An evaluation quantified time that fellows spent in different course offerings and surveyed fellows. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2012, 410 fellows attended the course, and in 2013, 186 participated in the Web-based survey (56% response rate). The number of fellows attending the course ranged from 15 to 33 yearly. From 1996 to 2012, the course averaged 38 hr of instructional time that included topics on interventions and environment/policy work to increase physical activity, program evaluation, public health research, and health disparities. The course included consultations, collaborative work, and field-based experiences. Fellows who participated in the survey agreed that the course had a positive impact on the physical activity research or practice work they did (98%), met their expectations (96%), helped them with research/practice collaborations with other physical activity professionals (96%), assisted them in conducting higher-quality interventions/programs (95%), helped increase their professional networking in the field (93%), and had a positive impact on other work they did (91%). Following the course, 66% and 56% had further contact with faculty and other fellows, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Physical Activity and Public Health Course for Practitioners made important contributions toward building the capacity of physical activity and public health practitioners. |
Wheldon, Christopher W; Daley, Ellen M; Buhi, Eric R; Baldwin, Julie A; Nyitray, Alan G; Giuliano, Anna R HPV vaccine decision-making among young men who have sex with men. Health Education Journal Journal Article Health Education Journal, 76 (1), pp. 52-65, 2016. @article{Wheldon2016b, title = {HPV vaccine decision-making among young men who have sex with men. Health Education Journal}, author = {Christopher W Wheldon and Ellen M Daley and Eric R Buhi and Julie A Baldwin and Alan G Nyitray and Anna R Giuliano}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0017896916647988}, doi = {10.1177/0017896916647988}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-05-31}, journal = {Health Education Journal}, volume = {76}, number = {1}, pages = {52-65}, abstract = {Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for all men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA until the age of 26 years. Despite this recommendation, vaccine uptake remains low. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe salient beliefs related to HPV vaccination among young MSM; (2) determine factors that underlie these beliefs; and (3) describe a model for HPV vaccine decision-making. Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Setting: Central Florida, USA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (N = 22). Results: The majority of respondents had heard of the HPV vaccine, but generally perceived HPV as a women’s health issue. Salient behavioural beliefs about HPV vaccination described physical (such as lowering risk and promoting overall health) and psychological benefits (such as protecting sex partners and providing peace of mind). There was some concern regarding the risks of vaccination including contracting HPV from the vaccine, not knowing if it would be effective, and side effects. Normative influences on decision-making were minimal. Availability, cost and convenience were among the most salient external control factors discussed. Issues surrounding disclosure of sexual orientation, as well as the competence and sensitivity of healthcare providers in dealing with issues of sexuality, were key factors in HPV-related beliefs. Conclusion: Addressing the specific beliefs and concerns expressed by MSM can help to improve the effectiveness of health education interventions promoting vaccination.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for all men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA until the age of 26 years. Despite this recommendation, vaccine uptake remains low. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe salient beliefs related to HPV vaccination among young MSM; (2) determine factors that underlie these beliefs; and (3) describe a model for HPV vaccine decision-making. Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Setting: Central Florida, USA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (N = 22). Results: The majority of respondents had heard of the HPV vaccine, but generally perceived HPV as a women’s health issue. Salient behavioural beliefs about HPV vaccination described physical (such as lowering risk and promoting overall health) and psychological benefits (such as protecting sex partners and providing peace of mind). There was some concern regarding the risks of vaccination including contracting HPV from the vaccine, not knowing if it would be effective, and side effects. Normative influences on decision-making were minimal. Availability, cost and convenience were among the most salient external control factors discussed. Issues surrounding disclosure of sexual orientation, as well as the competence and sensitivity of healthcare providers in dealing with issues of sexuality, were key factors in HPV-related beliefs. Conclusion: Addressing the specific beliefs and concerns expressed by MSM can help to improve the effectiveness of health education interventions promoting vaccination. |
Young, Belinda-Rose; Desmarais, Sarah L; Baldwin, Julie A; Chandler, Rasheeta Sexual Coercion Practices Among Undergraduate Male Recreational Athletes, Intercollegiate Athletes, and Non-Athletes Journal Article Violence Against Women, 23 (7), pp. 795-812, 2016. @article{Young2016, title = {Sexual Coercion Practices Among Undergraduate Male Recreational Athletes, Intercollegiate Athletes, and Non-Athletes}, author = {Belinda-Rose Young and Sarah L Desmarais and Julie A Baldwin and Rasheeta Chandler}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27247201}, doi = {10.1177/1077801216651339}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-05-30}, journal = {Violence Against Women}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {795-812}, abstract = {Prior research shows that male intercollegiate athletes are at risk for perpetrating sexual violence. Whether this risk extends to male recreational athletes has not been explored. This study assessed associations between attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance, and prevalence of sexual coercion among 379 male, undergraduate recreational and intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes. Our analyses showed significant differences between the responses of athletes and non-athletes for all dependent variables, and intercollegiate and recreational athletes on attitudes toward women and the prevalence of sexual coercion. Controlling for rape myth acceptance and traditional gender role attitudes eliminated differences between athletes and non-athletes in prevalence of sexual coercion.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Prior research shows that male intercollegiate athletes are at risk for perpetrating sexual violence. Whether this risk extends to male recreational athletes has not been explored. This study assessed associations between attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance, and prevalence of sexual coercion among 379 male, undergraduate recreational and intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes. Our analyses showed significant differences between the responses of athletes and non-athletes for all dependent variables, and intercollegiate and recreational athletes on attitudes toward women and the prevalence of sexual coercion. Controlling for rape myth acceptance and traditional gender role attitudes eliminated differences between athletes and non-athletes in prevalence of sexual coercion. |
Meyer, Michelle L; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Patel, Mehul D; Camplain, Ricky; Couper, David; Cheng, Susan; Qunaibet, Ada Al; Poon, Anna K; Heiss, Gerardo Response to “Repeatability of Different Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements” Journal Article American Journal of Hypertension, 29 (7), pp. 890-890, 2016. @article{Meyer2016, title = {Response to “Repeatability of Different Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements”}, author = {Michelle L Meyer and Hirofumi Tanaka and Priya Palta and Mehul D Patel and Ricky Camplain and David Couper and Susan Cheng and Ada Al Qunaibet and Anna K Poon and Gerardo Heiss}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ajh/hpw051}, doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpw051}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-05-11}, journal = {American Journal of Hypertension}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {890-890}, abstract = {To the Editor: We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Papaioannou and colleagues 1 regarding our recently published article “Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” 2 Numerous methods are used to evaluate repeatability of measurements and those chosen are influenced by the study question. Our interest was to examine the sources of variability in repeated measures at 2 time points using the intraclass correlation coefficient and SE of measurement. Repeatability could also be evaluated using the SD of differences and Bland–Altman method. The latter relies on a visual evaluation of plots to assess bias and whether the magnitude of differences between pairs of measures varies across the range of the mean. Since we used 1 device to obtain all measurements, we cannot speak to measurement-specific bias (other than from the literature).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To the Editor: We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Papaioannou and colleagues 1 regarding our recently published article “Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Measures: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” 2 Numerous methods are used to evaluate repeatability of measurements and those chosen are influenced by the study question. Our interest was to examine the sources of variability in repeated measures at 2 time points using the intraclass correlation coefficient and SE of measurement. Repeatability could also be evaluated using the SD of differences and Bland–Altman method. The latter relies on a visual evaluation of plots to assess bias and whether the magnitude of differences between pairs of measures varies across the range of the mean. Since we used 1 device to obtain all measurements, we cannot speak to measurement-specific bias (other than from the literature). |
Sorry, no publications matched your criteria.