NAU publications by SHERC
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. SHERC has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Evie Y; Remiker, Mark; Hustead, Morgan Lee-Regalado; Bacon, Rachel; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Dorothy Dunn &Julie J Aging & Mental Health, 2022. @article{McCarthy2022, title = {Diverse rural caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias: analysis of health factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community level}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Y. Evie Garcia and Mark Remiker and Morgan Lee-Regalado Hustead and Rachel Bacon and Heather J. Williamson and Dorothy J. Dunn &Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2026880}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-31}, journal = {Aging & Mental Health}, abstract = {Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Warren, Meghan; Shaibi, Stefany D; Fabricant, Maximilian; Falvey, Jason R; Vashist, Amit; Karmarkar, Amol M Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery Journal Article Physical Therapy, 2022. @article{Kumar2022, title = {Impact of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services on Discharge to the Community by Value-Based Payment Programs after Joint Replacement Surgery}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Meghan Warren and Stefany D Shaibi and Maximilian Fabricant and Jason R Falvey and Amit Vashist and Amol M Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, doi = {10.1093/ptj/pzab313}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-13}, journal = {Physical Therapy}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hospital-based rehabilitation services on community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery according to hospital participation in value-based care models: bundled payments for care improvement (BPCI) and comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR). The secondary objective was to determine whether community discharge rates after hip and knee replacement surgery differed by participation in these models. |
Harris, Robin B; Brown, Heidi E; Begay, Rachelle L; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Chief, Carmenlita; Monroy, Fernando P; Oren, Eyal Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (2), pp. 797, 2022. @article{Harris2022, title = {Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona}, author = {Robin B. Harris and Heidi E. Brown and Rachelle L. Begay and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Carmenlita Chief and Fernando P. Monroy and Eyal Oren}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/797}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020797}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-12}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {797}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4–66.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50–53.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05–10.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment. |
Remiker, Mark; Sabo, Samantha; Jiménez, Dulce; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron; Chief, Carmenlita; Williamson, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study Journal Article JMIR Formative Research, 5 (5), 2021. @article{Remiker2021, title = {Using a Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural Arizona: Community-Engaged Survey Development and Implementation Study}, author = {Mark Remiker and Samantha Sabo and Dulce Jiménez and Alexandra Samarron Longorio and Carmenlita Chief and Heather Williamson and Nicolette Teufel-Shone }, url = {https://formative.jmir.org/2021/5/e25577}, doi = {10.2196/25577}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-05}, journal = {JMIR Formative Research}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past decade, public health research and practice sectors have shifted their focus away from identifying health disparities and toward addressing the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health equity. Given the complex and interrelated nature of these determinants, developing policies that will advance health equity requires collaboration across sectors outside of health. However, engaging various stakeholder groups, tapping into their unique knowledge systems, and identifying common objectives across sectors is difficult and time consuming and can impede collaborative efforts. |
Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T; Remiker, Mark; Buck, Loren C; Aguirre, Amanda; Milner, Trudie; Torres, Emma; von Hippel, Frank A A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned Journal Article Muse, 15 (4), pp. 533-540, 2021. @article{Baldwin2021, title = {A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned}, author = {Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II and Mark Remiker and C. Loren Buck and Amanda Aguirre and Trudie Milner and Emma Torres and Frank A. von Hippel}, url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/842128}, doi = {10.1353/cpr.2021.0043}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-12-01}, journal = {Muse}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {533-540}, abstract = {Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: This study used a community-engaged approach to examine associations between environmental contaminants and health outcomes among residents of Yuma, Arizona. Our team conducted a process evaluation to assess scientific rigor and adherence to community engagement principles. Objective: Our evaluation focused on four dimensions of community-based participatory research: 1) context, 2) group dynamics, 3) intervention and research, and 4) outcomes. Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants from community partner organizations. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate community partners' experiences with our collaborative process. Lessons Learned: Community partners reported collaborating to establish research goals, recruit participants, collect data, plan analyses, and formulate dissemination strategies. Training needs, roles, and expectations of community partners varied based on available resources, prior research experience, and perceived research challenges. Conclusions: Leveraging community-engaged principles for studies of environmental contamination can expedite recruitment efforts and stimulate action to improve health outcomes. |
Kuss, Bonnie; Lopez, Nanette V; Hardy, Shakia T; Spilkin, Ary; Brauer, Julianne; Phillips, Rachelle; Delio, Gabrielle; Camplain, Ricky Sodium content of menu and commissary provisions in rural jail exceeds heart-healthy dietary recommendations Journal Article Int J Prison Health, 2021, ISBN: 1744-9200. @article{Kuss2021, title = {Sodium content of menu and commissary provisions in rural jail exceeds heart-healthy dietary recommendations}, author = {Bonnie Kuss and Nanette V Lopez and Shakia T Hardy and Ary Spilkin and Julianne Brauer and Rachelle Phillips and Gabrielle Delio and Ricky Camplain}, url = {https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0087/full/html}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0087}, isbn = {1744-9200}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-25}, journal = {Int J Prison Health}, abstract = {This paper determined sodium provisions from a seven-day cycle menu and commissary at a rural Southwest County jail and compared it to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) recommendations for sodium.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper determined sodium provisions from a seven-day cycle menu and commissary at a rural Southwest County jail and compared it to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) recommendations for sodium. |
Lee, Michele S; Peart, Jillian R; Armin, Julie S; Williamson, Heather J Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 14 (3), pp. 2, 2021, ISSN: 2166-5222. @article{Lee2021, title = {A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Pap Testing in Women with Disabilities and Serious Mental Illnesses: Thirty Years After the Americans with Disabilities Act}, author = {Michele S. Lee and Jillian R. Peart and Julie S. Armin and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol14/iss3/2}, issn = {2166-5222}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-11-15}, journal = {Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed, promising equal access to health services for people with disabilities and serious mental illness, research on Pap testing continues to uncover health disparities among women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses, including those that identify as an ethnic/racial minority.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed, promising equal access to health services for people with disabilities and serious mental illness, research on Pap testing continues to uncover health disparities among women with disabilities and women with serious mental illnesses, including those that identify as an ethnic/racial minority. |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Bosch, Pamela; Fehnel, Corey; Garnica, Nicholas; Cook, Jon; Warren, Meghan; Karmarkar, Amol Medicare Claim–Based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict 30-Day Mortality and Hospital Readmission Journal Article Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2021. @article{Kumar2021, title = {Medicare Claim–Based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Predict 30-Day Mortality and Hospital Readmission}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Pamela Bosch and Corey Fehnel and Nicholas Garnica and Jon Cook and Meghan Warren and Amol Karmarkar}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07162-0}, doi = {10.1007/s11606-021-07162-0}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-26}, journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine}, abstract = {The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) penalizes hospitals for higher than expected 30-day mortality rates using methods without accounting for condition severity risk adjustment. For patients with stroke, CMS claims did not quantify stroke severity until recently, when the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) reporting began. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) penalizes hospitals for higher than expected 30-day mortality rates using methods without accounting for condition severity risk adjustment. For patients with stroke, CMS claims did not quantify stroke severity until recently, when the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) reporting began. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. Examine the predictive ability of claim-based NIHSS to predict 30-day mortality and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with ischemic stroke. |
Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Fashaw-Walters, Shekinah; Baldwin, Julie A Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Journal Article Journal of Aging and Health, 2021. @article{Rivera-Hernandez2021, title = {Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Shekinah Fashaw-Walters and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211043319}, doi = {10.1177/08982643211043319}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-11}, journal = {Journal of Aging and Health}, abstract = {This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic. |
Pollitt, Amanda M; Roberts, Tangela S Internalized Binegativity, LGBQ + Community Involvement, and Definitions of Bisexuality Journal Article Journal of Bisexuality, 21 (3), pp. 357-379, 2021. @article{Pollitt2021, title = {Internalized Binegativity, LGBQ + Community Involvement, and Definitions of Bisexuality}, author = {Amanda M. Pollitt and Tangela S. Roberts}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2021.1984363}, doi = {10.1080/15299716.2021.1984363}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-10-06}, journal = {Journal of Bisexuality}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {357-379}, abstract = {Bisexual people can internalize stigma from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian communities, which often occurs in the form of monosexism, the belief that people should only be attracted to one gender. Although community involvement is protective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer+ (LGBQ+) people, bisexual people may benefit more from bisexual-specific communities than LGBQ + communities because of monosexism. Further, how bisexual people define their identity may be related to internalized binegativity, especially given the historical invisibility of bisexuality in mainstream media and recent debates about the definition of bisexuality within LGBQ + communities. We examined LGBQ + and bisexual-specific community involvement, definitions of bisexuality, and internalized binegativity among an online sample of 816 bisexual adults. Multivariate regression analyses showed that those with spectrum definitions, which acknowledged a nuanced understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality, reported lower internalized binegativity than those with binary definitions, which described sexuality as consistent with mainstream norms. Involvement in LGBQ + communities, but not bisexual communities, was associated with lower internalized binegativity. There was no interaction between type of definition and type of community involvement. Our results suggest that broad community involvement may be protective for internalized binegativity, but findings should be considered in light of a lack of well-funded, local bisexual communities. The current study adds to a growing literature on sexual minority stressors among bisexual people, a population that continues to be understudied.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bisexual people can internalize stigma from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian communities, which often occurs in the form of monosexism, the belief that people should only be attracted to one gender. Although community involvement is protective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer+ (LGBQ+) people, bisexual people may benefit more from bisexual-specific communities than LGBQ + communities because of monosexism. Further, how bisexual people define their identity may be related to internalized binegativity, especially given the historical invisibility of bisexuality in mainstream media and recent debates about the definition of bisexuality within LGBQ + communities. We examined LGBQ + and bisexual-specific community involvement, definitions of bisexuality, and internalized binegativity among an online sample of 816 bisexual adults. Multivariate regression analyses showed that those with spectrum definitions, which acknowledged a nuanced understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality, reported lower internalized binegativity than those with binary definitions, which described sexuality as consistent with mainstream norms. Involvement in LGBQ + communities, but not bisexual communities, was associated with lower internalized binegativity. There was no interaction between type of definition and type of community involvement. Our results suggest that broad community involvement may be protective for internalized binegativity, but findings should be considered in light of a lack of well-funded, local bisexual communities. The current study adds to a growing literature on sexual minority stressors among bisexual people, a population that continues to be understudied. |
George, Carmen; Bancroft, Carolyn; Salt, Shine; Curley, Caleigh; Curley, Cameron; Eddie, Regina; Edison, Tierra; de Heer, Hendrik; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Yazzie, Del; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Shin, Sonya Successful implementation of the Healthy Diné Nation Act in stores on the Navajo Nation Journal Article Preventive Medicine Reports, 24 , 2021. @article{George2021, title = {Successful implementation of the Healthy Diné Nation Act in stores on the Navajo Nation}, author = {Carmen George and Carolyn Bancroft and Shine Salt and Caleigh Curley and Cameron Curley and Regina Eddie and Tierra Edison and Hendrik de Heer and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Del Yazzie and Ramona Antone-Nez and Sonya Shin}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335521002631?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101573}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-30}, journal = {Preventive Medicine Reports}, volume = {24}, abstract = {In 2014, the Navajo Nation Council passed the Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA), a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages and a waiver of the 5% sales tax on healthy foods and water, to support health promotion and disease prevention among the Navajo people. Very little research has assessed implementation accuracy of food or beverage taxes and none were implemented within a sovereign Tribal nation. This study assessed the accuracy of HDNA tax implementation among 47 stores located on the Navajo Nation. A pair of tax-exempt items [e.g. a bottle of water and fresh fruit] and a pair of HDNA-tax eligible items [e.g. sugary beverage and candy bar] were purchased between July-December 2019. Receipts were retained to assess taxation. A total of 87.2% of stores accurately implemented the 2% tax on unhealthy items while 55.3% of the stores accurately implemented the 6% tax waiver on healthy items. In all, 51.1% of the stores accurately applied both taxes. There were no significant differences across store type (convenience or grocery stores and trading posts) or geographic region. In conclusion, almost all stores on the Navajo Nation accurately applied a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages, while the proportion of stores applying a waiver on healthy foods was lower. Successful HDNA tax implementation among stores remains an important priority in achieving the goal to support health promotion and disease prevention among Navajo communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2014, the Navajo Nation Council passed the Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA), a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages and a waiver of the 5% sales tax on healthy foods and water, to support health promotion and disease prevention among the Navajo people. Very little research has assessed implementation accuracy of food or beverage taxes and none were implemented within a sovereign Tribal nation. This study assessed the accuracy of HDNA tax implementation among 47 stores located on the Navajo Nation. A pair of tax-exempt items [e.g. a bottle of water and fresh fruit] and a pair of HDNA-tax eligible items [e.g. sugary beverage and candy bar] were purchased between July-December 2019. Receipts were retained to assess taxation. A total of 87.2% of stores accurately implemented the 2% tax on unhealthy items while 55.3% of the stores accurately implemented the 6% tax waiver on healthy items. In all, 51.1% of the stores accurately applied both taxes. There were no significant differences across store type (convenience or grocery stores and trading posts) or geographic region. In conclusion, almost all stores on the Navajo Nation accurately applied a 2% tax on unhealthy foods and beverages, while the proportion of stores applying a waiver on healthy foods was lower. Successful HDNA tax implementation among stores remains an important priority in achieving the goal to support health promotion and disease prevention among Navajo communities. |
Bordeaux, Skyler J; Baca, Anthony W; Begay, Rene L; Gachupin, Francine C; Caporaso, Gregory J; Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M; Lee, Naomi R Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review Journal Article Current Oncology, 28 (5), pp. 3705-3716, 2021. @article{Bordeaux2021, title = {Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review}, author = {Skyler J Bordeaux and Anthony W Baca and Rene L Begay and Francine C Gachupin and J Gregory Caporaso and Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz and Naomi R Lee}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/28/5/316}, doi = {10.3390/curroncol28050316}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-24}, journal = {Current Oncology}, volume = {28}, number = {5}, pages = {3705-3716}, abstract = {Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Therefore, as we consider current and future cancer vaccines, there are certain considerations to be mindful of to increase uptake among Native Americans such as the incidence of disease, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, and historical exclusion in clinical trials. This paper primarily focuses on human papillomavirus (HPV) and potential vaccines for Native Americans. However, we also aim to inform researchers on factors that influence Native American choices surrounding vaccination and interventions including cancer therapies. We begin by providing an overview of the historical distrust and trauma Native Americans experience, both past and present. In addition, we offer guidance and considerations when engaging with sovereign Tribal Nations in vaccine development and clinical trials in order to increase trust and encourage vaccine uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Therefore, as we consider current and future cancer vaccines, there are certain considerations to be mindful of to increase uptake among Native Americans such as the incidence of disease, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, and historical exclusion in clinical trials. This paper primarily focuses on human papillomavirus (HPV) and potential vaccines for Native Americans. However, we also aim to inform researchers on factors that influence Native American choices surrounding vaccination and interventions including cancer therapies. We begin by providing an overview of the historical distrust and trauma Native Americans experience, both past and present. In addition, we offer guidance and considerations when engaging with sovereign Tribal Nations in vaccine development and clinical trials in order to increase trust and encourage vaccine uptake. |
Pearson, Talima; Hepp, Crystal; II, Robert Trotter T; Mbegbu, Mimi; Russakoff, Benjamin; Yagüe, David Panisello; Wood, Colin; Tucker-Morgan, Kara; Ceniceros, Kathya; Padilla, Cristina; Kyman, Shari; Villa, Francisco Genome Sequences of Community Carriage Strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Yuma, Arizona Journal Article Microbiology Resource Announcements, 10 (37), 2021. @article{Pearson2021, title = {Genome Sequences of Community Carriage Strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Yuma, Arizona}, author = {Talima Pearson and Crystal Hepp and Robert T Trotter II and Mimi Mbegbu and Benjamin Russakoff and David Panisello Yagüe and Colin Wood and Kara Tucker-Morgan and Kathya Ceniceros and Cristina Padilla and Shari Kyman and Francisco Villa}, url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MRA.00449-21}, doi = {10.1128/MRA.00449-21}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-16}, journal = {Microbiology Resource Announcements}, volume = {10}, number = {37}, abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus exists as a pathogen and commensal. Individuals with asymptomatic carriage serve as a reservoir for transmission and are at increased risk of infecting themselves. In order to characterize the genomic diversity of S. aureus circulating in the community, we sequenced 166 genomes collected from individuals in Yuma, AZ.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Staphylococcus aureus exists as a pathogen and commensal. Individuals with asymptomatic carriage serve as a reservoir for transmission and are at increased risk of infecting themselves. In order to characterize the genomic diversity of S. aureus circulating in the community, we sequenced 166 genomes collected from individuals in Yuma, AZ. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Wayment, Heidi A; Lopez, Nanette; Lorts, Cori; Schwartz, Anna L; Pugliesi, Karen; Pohl, Patricia S; Bycura, Dierdra; Camplain, Ricky Women, 1 (3), pp. 143-168, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021b, title = {The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Heidi A. Wayment and Nanette Lopez and Cori Lorts and Anna L. Schwartz and Karen Pugliesi and Patricia S. Pohl and Dierdra Bycura and Ricky Camplain}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/women1030014}, doi = {10.3390/women1030014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-14}, journal = {Women}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {143-168}, abstract = {As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Chief, Carmenlita; Richards, Jennifer R; Clausen, Rebecca J; Yazzie, Alfred; Jr, Manley Begay A; Lothrop, Nathan; Yazzie, Janene; Begay, Andria B; Beamer, Paloma I; Chief, Karletta International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), pp. 9402, 2021. @article{Teufel-Shone2021, title = {Development of a Culturally Anchored Qualitative Approach to Conduct and Analyze Focus Group Narratives Collected in Diné (Navajo) Communities to Understand the Impacts of the Gold King Mine Spill of 2015}, author = {Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Carmenlita Chief and Jennifer R Richards and Rebecca J Clausen and Alfred Yazzie and Manley A Begay Jr and Nathan Lothrop and Janene Yazzie and Andria B Begay and Paloma I Beamer and Karletta Chief}, url = { https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179402}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179402}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-06}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {17}, pages = {9402}, abstract = {The Gold King Mine Spill (Spill) occurred in August 2015 upstream from Silverton, Colorado and released three million gallons of contaminated water into the Animas River, a tributary to the San Juan River that flows across the Navajo Nation. Using principles of community-engaged research, the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project co-developed a culturally anchored approach to conduct focus groups and analyze narratives collected in three Diné (Navajo) communities along the San Juan River within 9 months of the Spill. Focus group questions were designed to document the socio-cultural impacts of the Spill. This paper: (1) outlines the partnerships and approvals; (2) describes focus group design, training, data collection and analysis; and (3) reflects on the use of a culturally anchored approach in Indigenous, specifically Diné-centered research. Diné social and cultural etiquette and concepts of relationality were used to adapt standard (non-Indigenous) qualitative methods. Findings describe community perceptions of short-term impacts of the disaster, as well as past and present injustices, communication related to the Spill, and concerns of persistent threats to Diné lifeways. The culturally anchored approach was critical in fostering trust with Diné participants and aligned with the candor of the discussions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Gold King Mine Spill (Spill) occurred in August 2015 upstream from Silverton, Colorado and released three million gallons of contaminated water into the Animas River, a tributary to the San Juan River that flows across the Navajo Nation. Using principles of community-engaged research, the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project co-developed a culturally anchored approach to conduct focus groups and analyze narratives collected in three Diné (Navajo) communities along the San Juan River within 9 months of the Spill. Focus group questions were designed to document the socio-cultural impacts of the Spill. This paper: (1) outlines the partnerships and approvals; (2) describes focus group design, training, data collection and analysis; and (3) reflects on the use of a culturally anchored approach in Indigenous, specifically Diné-centered research. Diné social and cultural etiquette and concepts of relationality were used to adapt standard (non-Indigenous) qualitative methods. Findings describe community perceptions of short-term impacts of the disaster, as well as past and present injustices, communication related to the Spill, and concerns of persistent threats to Diné lifeways. The culturally anchored approach was critical in fostering trust with Diné participants and aligned with the candor of the discussions. |
George, Carmen; Bancroft, Carolyn; Salt, Shine Krystal; Curley, Cameron S; Curley, Caleigh; Heer, Hendrik Dirk De; Yazzie, Del; Eddie, Regina; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Shin, Sonya Sunhi Changes in food pricing and availability on the Navajo Nation following a 2% tax on unhealthy foods: The Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014 Journal Article PLoS One, 2 (16), pp. 9, 2021. @article{George2021b, title = {Changes in food pricing and availability on the Navajo Nation following a 2% tax on unhealthy foods: The Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014}, author = {Carmen George and Carolyn Bancroft and Shine Krystal Salt and Cameron S. Curley and Caleigh Curley and Hendrik Dirk De Heer and Del Yazzie and Regina Eddie and Ramona Antone-Nez and Sonya Sunhi Shin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256683}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256683}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-02}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {2}, number = {16}, pages = {9}, abstract = {In 2014, the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) was passed, combining a 2% tax on foods of ‘minimal-to-no-nutritional value’ and waiver of 5% sales tax on healthy foods, the first-ever such tax in the U.S. and globally among a sovereign tribal nation. The aim of this study was to measure changes in pricing and food availability in stores on the Navajo Nation following the implementation of the HDNA.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2014, the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) was passed, combining a 2% tax on foods of ‘minimal-to-no-nutritional value’ and waiver of 5% sales tax on healthy foods, the first-ever such tax in the U.S. and globally among a sovereign tribal nation. The aim of this study was to measure changes in pricing and food availability in stores on the Navajo Nation following the implementation of the HDNA. |
Hardy, Lisa J; Mana, Adi; Mundell, Leah; Neuman, Moran; Benheim, Sharón; Otenyo, Eric Who is to blame for COVID-19? Examining politicized fear and health behavior through a mixed methods study in the United States Journal Article PLoS ONE, 16 (9), 2021. @article{Hardy2021b, title = {Who is to blame for COVID-19? Examining politicized fear and health behavior through a mixed methods study in the United States}, author = {Lisa J. Hardy and Adi Mana and Leah Mundell and Moran Neuman and Sharón Benheim and Eric Otenyo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256136}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256136}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-09-01}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {9}, abstract = {Political ideologies drove public actions and health behaviors in the first year of the global pandemic. Different ideas about contagion, health behaviors, and the actions of governing bodies impacted the spread of the virus and health and life. Researchers used an immediate, mixed methods design to explore sociocultural responses to the virus and identified differences and similarities in anxiety, fear, blame, and perceptions of nation across political divides.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Political ideologies drove public actions and health behaviors in the first year of the global pandemic. Different ideas about contagion, health behaviors, and the actions of governing bodies impacted the spread of the virus and health and life. Researchers used an immediate, mixed methods design to explore sociocultural responses to the virus and identified differences and similarities in anxiety, fear, blame, and perceptions of nation across political divides. |
Credo, Jonathan; Ingram, Jani C Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), pp. 9089, 2021. @article{Credo2021, title = {Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities}, author = {Jonathan Credo and Jani C Ingram}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34501677/}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179089}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-28}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {17}, pages = {9089}, abstract = {In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established. |
Lindly, Olivia J; Cabral, Jacqueline; Mohammed, Ruqayah; Garber, Ivonne; Mistry, Kamila B; Kuhlthau, Karen A J Autism Dev Disorder, 2021. @article{Lindly2021, title = {"I Don't Do Much Without Researching Things Myself": A Mixed Methods Study Exploring the Role of Parent Health Literacy in Autism Services Use for Young Children}, author = {Olivia J Lindly and Jacqueline Cabral and Ruqayah Mohammed and Ivonne Garber and Kamila B Mistry and Karen A Kuhlthau}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34435270/}, doi = {10.1007/s10803-021-05240-0}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-25}, journal = {J Autism Dev Disorder}, abstract = {Little is known about how parent health literacy contributes to health-related outcomes for children with autism. This mixed-methods study included 82 U.S. parents of a child with autism 2-5 years-old and sought to describe (1) health literacy dimensions, (2) how health literacy influences services use, and (3) health literacy improvement strategies. Results showed: autism information was accessed from multiple sources; understanding autism information involved "doing your own research"; autism information empowered decision-making; health literacy facilitated behavioral services use; health literacy influenced medication use; family and system characteristics also affected services use; autism education remains needed; services information is needed across the diagnostic odyssey; and greater scientific information accessibility would increase uptake. Findings demonstrate how parent health literacy affects services use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Little is known about how parent health literacy contributes to health-related outcomes for children with autism. This mixed-methods study included 82 U.S. parents of a child with autism 2-5 years-old and sought to describe (1) health literacy dimensions, (2) how health literacy influences services use, and (3) health literacy improvement strategies. Results showed: autism information was accessed from multiple sources; understanding autism information involved "doing your own research"; autism information empowered decision-making; health literacy facilitated behavioral services use; health literacy influenced medication use; family and system characteristics also affected services use; autism education remains needed; services information is needed across the diagnostic odyssey; and greater scientific information accessibility would increase uptake. Findings demonstrate how parent health literacy affects services use. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Wayment, Heidi A; Schwartz, Anna L; Lane, Taylor S; Baldwin, Julie A Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines Journal Article Medical Education Online, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021c, title = {Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines}, author = {Lynda B Ransdell and Heidi A Wayment and Anna L Schwartz and Taylor S Lane and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10872981.2021.1964933}, doi = {10.1080/10872981.2021.1964933}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-24}, journal = {Medical Education Online}, abstract = {Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines. We utilized recent literature reviews, and experience developing researchers at an emerging research institution within the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI) program, to propose a precision mentoring (PM) framework for research development. Although we cannot precisely determine how much improvement was due to the PM framework, over the 4 years of our program, the quality and quantity of pilot project proposals (PPP) has increased, the number of external proposals submitted and funded by PPP investigators has increased, and the number of faculty participating in our program has increased. Surveys distributed to our 2021–22 PPP applicants who did not receive funding (n = 5/6 or 86.7%) revealed that new investigators most frequently sought mentoring related to career guidance (e.g., institutional culture, pre-tenure survival strategies), grant proposal basics (e.g., working with funding agencies, reviewing aims, balancing priorities, and enhancing scientific rigor), and identifying funding opportunities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines. We utilized recent literature reviews, and experience developing researchers at an emerging research institution within the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI) program, to propose a precision mentoring (PM) framework for research development. Although we cannot precisely determine how much improvement was due to the PM framework, over the 4 years of our program, the quality and quantity of pilot project proposals (PPP) has increased, the number of external proposals submitted and funded by PPP investigators has increased, and the number of faculty participating in our program has increased. Surveys distributed to our 2021–22 PPP applicants who did not receive funding (n = 5/6 or 86.7%) revealed that new investigators most frequently sought mentoring related to career guidance (e.g., institutional culture, pre-tenure survival strategies), grant proposal basics (e.g., working with funding agencies, reviewing aims, balancing priorities, and enhancing scientific rigor), and identifying funding opportunities. |
2021 |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol M; Erler, Kimberly S; Rudolph, James L; Baldwin, Julie A Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020 Journal Article Journal of American Medical Direct Association, 22 (5), pp. 966-970, 2021. @article{Kumar2021b, title = {Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Amol M Karmarkar and Kimberly S Erler and James L Rudolph and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1525861021002553?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.034}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Journal of American Medical Direct Association}, volume = {22}, number = {5}, pages = {966-970}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period. |
Pro, George; Schumacher, Krista; Hubach, Randolph; Zaller, Nickolas; Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky; Camplain, Carolyn; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality Journal Article Rural and Remote Health, 21 , 2021. @article{Pro2021, title = {US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality}, author = {George Pro and Krista Schumacher and Randolph Hubach and Nickolas Zaller and Zachary Giano and Ricky Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6596}, doi = {10.22605/RRH6596}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-04}, journal = {Rural and Remote Health}, volume = {21}, abstract = {Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies. |
Lane, Taylor S; Sonderegger, Derek L; Holeva-Eklund, Whitney M; Brazendale, Keith; K.Behrens, Timothy; Howdeshell, Hiliary; Walka, Sherry; R.Cook, Jon; Heer, Hendrik D.de Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (5), pp. 658-665, 2021. @article{Lane2021, title = {Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study}, author = {Taylor S. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Whitney M. Holeva-Eklund and Keith Brazendale and Timothy K.Behrens and Hiliary Howdeshell and Sherry Walka and Jon R.Cook and Hendrik D.de Heer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, abstract = {Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lopez, Nanette V; Cooper, Dan M; McKenzie, Thomas L; Zheng, Kai; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools Journal Article Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 5 (1), 2021. @article{Camplain2021b, title = {Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Nanette V. Lopez and Dan M. Cooper and Thomas L. McKenzie and Kai Zheng and Shlomit Radom-Aizik}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.786}, doi = {10.1017/cts.2021.786}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-30}, journal = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Science}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM). |
Black, Caroline Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children Journal Article Family Process, 2021. @article{Black2021, title = {Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children}, author = {Caroline Black}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12663}, doi = {10.1111/famp.12663}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-26}, journal = {Family Process}, abstract = {Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents’ relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children’s psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers’ emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families’ strengths and applied to practice-based settings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents’ relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children’s psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers’ emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families’ strengths and applied to practice-based settings. |
Vigil-Hayes, Morgan; Collier, Ann Futterman; Hagemann, Shelby; Castillo, Giovanni; Mikkelson, Keller; Dingman, Joshua; Muñoz, Andrew; Luther, Jade; McLaughlin, Alexandra Integrating Cultural Relevance into a Behavioral mHealth Intervention for Native American Youth Journal Article Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact ., 165 , 2021. @article{Vigil-Hayes2021, title = {Integrating Cultural Relevance into a Behavioral mHealth Intervention for Native American Youth}, author = {Morgan Vigil-Hayes and Ann Futterman Collier and Shelby Hagemann and Giovanni Castillo and Keller Mikkelson and Joshua Dingman and Andrew Muñoz and Jade Luther and Alexandra McLaughlin}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34676359/}, doi = {10.1145/3449239}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-05}, journal = {Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact .}, volume = {165}, abstract = {Native American communities are disproportionately affected by a number of behavioral health disparities, including higher rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide. As mobile health (mHealth) interventions gain traction as methods for addressing these disparities, they continue to lack relevance to Native American youth. In an effort to explore the design of relevant behavioral mHealth intervention for Native American communities, we have developed ARORA (Amplifying Resilience Over Restricted Internet Access), a prototype behavioral mHealth intervention that has been co-designed with Native American youth, a community advisory board, and a clinical psychologist. In this paper, we qualitatively analyze our co-design and focus group sessions using a grounded theory approach and identify the key themes that Native American community members have identified as being critical components of relevant mHealth designs. Notably, we find that the Native American youth who participated in our focus groups desired a greater level of didactic interaction with cultural and behavioral health elements. We conclude with a discussion of the significant challenges we faced in our efforts to co-design software with Native American stakeholders and provide recommendations that might guide other HCI researchers and designers through challenges that arise during the process of cross-cultural design.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native American communities are disproportionately affected by a number of behavioral health disparities, including higher rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide. As mobile health (mHealth) interventions gain traction as methods for addressing these disparities, they continue to lack relevance to Native American youth. In an effort to explore the design of relevant behavioral mHealth intervention for Native American communities, we have developed ARORA (Amplifying Resilience Over Restricted Internet Access), a prototype behavioral mHealth intervention that has been co-designed with Native American youth, a community advisory board, and a clinical psychologist. In this paper, we qualitatively analyze our co-design and focus group sessions using a grounded theory approach and identify the key themes that Native American community members have identified as being critical components of relevant mHealth designs. Notably, we find that the Native American youth who participated in our focus groups desired a greater level of didactic interaction with cultural and behavioral health elements. We conclude with a discussion of the significant challenges we faced in our efforts to co-design software with Native American stakeholders and provide recommendations that might guide other HCI researchers and designers through challenges that arise during the process of cross-cultural design. |
Park, Daesik; Propper, Catherine R; Wang, Guangning; Salanga, Matthew C Ecotoxicology, 30 , pp. 711–718, 2021. @article{Park2021, title = {Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations}, author = {Daesik Park and Catherine R Propper and Guangning Wang and Matthew C Salanga }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, doi = {10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-03}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {30}, pages = {711–718}, abstract = {Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Khadem, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202 , 2021, ISBN: 105959. @article{Mousavi2021, title = {ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Fatemeh Afghah and Fatemeh Khadem and U. Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, isbn = {105959}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, volume = {202}, abstract = {A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance. |
Bartlett, Rebecca S; Bruecker, Savannah; Eccleston, Bobby High-Fidelity Simulation Improves Long-Term Knowledge of Clinical Swallow Evaluation Journal Article American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 30 (2), pp. 673-686, 2021. @article{Bartlett2021, title = {High-Fidelity Simulation Improves Long-Term Knowledge of Clinical Swallow Evaluation}, author = {Rebecca S Bartlett and Savannah Bruecker and Bobby Eccleston}, doi = {10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00240}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-26}, journal = {American Journal of Speech Language Pathology}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {673-686}, abstract = {Purpose Clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) is a critical skill that speech-language pathologists who manage swallowing impairment must learn. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to determine if using a human patient simulator (HPS) to train speech-language pathology graduate students in CSE improved knowledge, preparedness, and anxiety as compared to traditional instruction alone. Method This was a controlled trial with repeated measures. Participants included graduate students from two cohorts who were enrolled in a swallowing disorders course in consecutive academic years (n = 50). Students in the experimental group participated in a simulation experience in which they performed a CSE on an HPS, generated a treatment plan, and communicated in real time with the HPS, the patient's wife, and a nurse. Quantitative results included quizzes that measured short- and long-term CSE knowledge, and qualitative findings included written feedback from instructors and students. Results Students who participated in simulation training had significantly higher long-term quiz accuracy than the control group, but their short-term quiz scores did not differ. Student ratings of preparedness and anxiety did not differ between the two groups. Many students reported that they appreciated practicing the use of patient-friendly language and preferred clinical simulation over traditional teaching methods. Facilitators reported that simulation increased student engagement and critical thinking skills more than traditional teaching methods. Conclusions CSE simulation provided objective and subjective advantages over traditional teaching methods. Recommendations from students and instructors for improving the CSE simulation training are reported.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose Clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) is a critical skill that speech-language pathologists who manage swallowing impairment must learn. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to determine if using a human patient simulator (HPS) to train speech-language pathology graduate students in CSE improved knowledge, preparedness, and anxiety as compared to traditional instruction alone. Method This was a controlled trial with repeated measures. Participants included graduate students from two cohorts who were enrolled in a swallowing disorders course in consecutive academic years (n = 50). Students in the experimental group participated in a simulation experience in which they performed a CSE on an HPS, generated a treatment plan, and communicated in real time with the HPS, the patient's wife, and a nurse. Quantitative results included quizzes that measured short- and long-term CSE knowledge, and qualitative findings included written feedback from instructors and students. Results Students who participated in simulation training had significantly higher long-term quiz accuracy than the control group, but their short-term quiz scores did not differ. Student ratings of preparedness and anxiety did not differ between the two groups. Many students reported that they appreciated practicing the use of patient-friendly language and preferred clinical simulation over traditional teaching methods. Facilitators reported that simulation increased student engagement and critical thinking skills more than traditional teaching methods. Conclusions CSE simulation provided objective and subjective advantages over traditional teaching methods. Recommendations from students and instructors for improving the CSE simulation training are reported. |
Evans, Linnea; Engelman, Michal; Mikulas, Alex; Malecki, Kristen How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review Journal Article Social Science & Medicine, 273 , 2021, ISBN: 113738. @article{Evans2021, title = {How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review}, author = {Linnea Evans and Michal Engelman and Alex Mikulas and Kristen Malecki}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, isbn = {113738}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {273}, abstract = {Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities. |
Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Hocking, Toby; Afghah, Fatemeh A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection Journal Article Computers in Biology and Medicine, 130 , 2021, ISBN: 104208. @article{Fotoohinasab2021, title = {A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection}, author = {Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Toby Hocking and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, isbn = {104208}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {130}, abstract = {The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph. |
Kahn, Carmella B; Dreifuss, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Tutt, Marissa; McCue, Kelly; Wilson, Jamie; Waters, Amber-Rose; Belin, Kalvina L; Bauer, Mark C Adapting Summer Education Programs for Navajo Students: Resilient Teamwork Journal Article Frontiers in Sociology, 2021. @article{Kahn2021, title = {Adapting Summer Education Programs for Navajo Students: Resilient Teamwork}, author = {Carmella B. Kahn and Heather Dreifuss and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Marissa Tutt and Kelly McCue and Jamie Wilson and Amber-Rose Waters and Kalvina L. Belin and Mark C. Bauer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.617994}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2021.617994}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-08}, journal = {Frontiers in Sociology}, abstract = {In May 2020, the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health Partnership (Navajo NARCH) was scheduled to launch two summer programs: a 10 weeks-long Summer Research Enhancement Program (SREP) for undergraduate students to learn and practice health research methods and participate in a practicum experience, and a week-long Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP) for high school students that introduces a range of health professions and develops leadership qualities. Students accepted into the programs are predominantly Navajo and live within Navajo Nation (NN) during the summer. Due to NN restrictions and CDC guidelines for physically distancing in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo NARCH team organized to offer both programs entirely online via Zoom™. This paper explores the instructional teams’ adaptation process to maintain a commitment to preserve the programs’ supportive environment for exploring and developing strong multicultural approaches in public health and health research. In preparation for online instruction, the team developed and offered workshops for staff and instructors to address anticipated challenges. The team identified the following challenges: technological difficulties, social disconnectedness, consistent student engagement, and facilitation of a practicum research experience. Results showed that program adaptations were successful as the team applied collaborative and holistic approaches, and established social connections remotely with students to offer meaningful research and practicum experiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In May 2020, the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health Partnership (Navajo NARCH) was scheduled to launch two summer programs: a 10 weeks-long Summer Research Enhancement Program (SREP) for undergraduate students to learn and practice health research methods and participate in a practicum experience, and a week-long Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP) for high school students that introduces a range of health professions and develops leadership qualities. Students accepted into the programs are predominantly Navajo and live within Navajo Nation (NN) during the summer. Due to NN restrictions and CDC guidelines for physically distancing in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo NARCH team organized to offer both programs entirely online via Zoom™. This paper explores the instructional teams’ adaptation process to maintain a commitment to preserve the programs’ supportive environment for exploring and developing strong multicultural approaches in public health and health research. In preparation for online instruction, the team developed and offered workshops for staff and instructors to address anticipated challenges. The team identified the following challenges: technological difficulties, social disconnectedness, consistent student engagement, and facilitation of a practicum research experience. Results showed that program adaptations were successful as the team applied collaborative and holistic approaches, and established social connections remotely with students to offer meaningful research and practicum experiences. |
Yagüe, David Panisello; Mihaljevic, Joseph; Mbegbu, M; Wood, C V; Hepp, Crystal; Kyman, S; Hornstra, H; Trotter, Robert; Cope, Emily; Pearson, Talima Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures Journal Article Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2021. @article{Yagüe2021, title = {Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures}, author = {David Panisello Yagüe and Joseph Mihaljevic and M. Mbegbu and C.V. Wood and Crystal Hepp and S. Kyman and H. Hornstra and Robert Trotter and Emily Cope and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15023}, doi = {10.1111/jam.15023}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-05}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Stout, Nicole L; Maitin-Shepard, Melissa; Campbell, Anna; Schwartz, Anna L; Grimmett, Chloe; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A; Sokolof, Jonas M Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice Journal Article Cancer, 127 (3), pp. 476-484, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/cncr.33245. @article{Schmitz2021, title = {Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Nicole L Stout and Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Anna Campbell and Anna L Schwartz and Chloe Grimmett and Jeffrey A Meyerhardt and Jonas M Sokolof}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33245}, isbn = {10.1002/cncr.33245}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Cancer}, volume = {127}, number = {3}, pages = {476-484}, abstract = {International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029. |
Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky L; Camplain, Carolyn; Pro, George; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L; Hubach, Randolph D Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (2), pp. 213-221, 2021. @article{Giano2021, title = {Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations}, author = {Zachary Giano and Ricky L Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and George Pro and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler and Randolph D Hubach}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {213-221}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date. |
Ladner, Jason T; Henson, Sierra N; Boyle, Annalee S; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Fink, Zane W; Rahee, Fatima; D'ambrozio, Jonathan; Schaecher, Kurt E; Stone, Mars; Dong, Wenjuan; Dadwal, Sanjeet; Yu, Jianhua; Caligiuri, Michael A; Cieplak, Piotr; Bjørås, Magnar; Fenstad, Mona H; Nordbø, Svein A; Kainov, Denis E; Muranaka, Norihito; Chee, Mark S; Shiryaev, Sergey A; Altin, John A Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses Journal Article Cell Reports Medicine, 2 ( 1), 2021. @article{Ladner2021, title = {Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses}, author = {Jason T Ladner and Sierra N Henson and Annalee S Boyle and Anna L Engelbrektson and Zane W Fink and Fatima Rahee and Jonathan D'ambrozio and Kurt E Schaecher and Mars Stone and Wenjuan Dong and Sanjeet Dadwal and Jianhua Yu and Michael A Caligiuri and Piotr Cieplak and Magnar Bjørås and Mona H Fenstad and Svein A Nordbø and Denis E Kainov and Norihito Muranaka and Mark S Chee and Sergey A Shiryaev and John A Altin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-19}, journal = {Cell Reports Medicine}, volume = {2}, number = { 1}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses. |
Magdaleno, Carina; House, Trenton; Pawar, Jogendra S; Carvalho, Sophia; Rajasekaran, Narendiran; Varadaraj, Archana Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini Journal Article Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2021. @article{Magdaleno2021, title = {Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini}, author = {Carina Magdaleno and Trenton House and Jogendra S. Pawar and Sophia Carvalho and Narendiran Rajasekaran and Archana Varadaraj}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29885}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.29885}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-13}, journal = {Journal of Cellular Biochemistry}, abstract = {Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic. |
Miller, Erin; Barragan, Veronica; Chiriboga, Jorge; Weddell, Chad; Luna, Ligia; Jiménez, Dulce J; Aleman, John; Mihaljevic, Joseph R; Olivas, Sonora; Marks, Jane; Izurieta, Ricardo; Nieto, Nathan; Keim, Paul; Trueba, Gabriel; Caporaso, Gregory J; Pearson, Talima Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (1), 2021. @article{Miller2021, title = {Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador}, author = {Erin Miller and Veronica Barragan and Jorge Chiriboga and Chad Weddell and Ligia Luna and Dulce J Jiménez and John Aleman and Joseph R Mihaljevic and Sonora Olivas and Jane Marks and Ricardo Izurieta and Nathan Nieto and Paul Keim and Gabriel Trueba and J Gregory Caporaso and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, abstract = {Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Lane, Taylor S; Schwartz, Anna L; Wayment, Heidi A; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2), pp. 1-35, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021, title = {Mentoring new and early-stage investigators and underrepresented minority faculty for research success in health-related fields: An integrative literature review (2010-2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Taylor S. Lane and Anna L. Schwartz and Heidi A. Wayment and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020432}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18020432}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {1-35}, abstract = {Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented. |
2020 |
Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol; Kumar, Amit; Warren, Meghan; Pohl, Patricia; Shaibi, Stefany; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Rudolph, James Racial Differences in Post-Acute Transition After Hip Fracture in Medicare Patients With ADRD Journal Article Innovation in Aging, 4 (1), pp. 666–667, 2020. @article{Roy2020, title = {Racial Differences in Post-Acute Transition After Hip Fracture in Medicare Patients With ADRD }, author = {Indrakshi Roy and Amol Karmarkar and Amit Kumar and Meghan Warren and Patricia Pohl and Stefany Shaibi and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and James Rudolph}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2307}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2307}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-16}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {666–667}, abstract = {The incidence of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. However, there are no standardized post-acute transition models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute transitions vary by race/ethnicity. Using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017) for 120,179 older adults with ADRD, we conduct multinomial logistic regression, to examine the association between race and post-acute discharge locations (proportion discharged to skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home with Home Health Care [HHC]), after accounting for patient characteristics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics have a significantly lower odds ratio for discharge to HHC 0.62 (95%CI=0.53-0.73), IRF 0.44 (CI=0.39-0.51), and SNF 0.26 (CI=0.23-0.30). Improving care in patients with ADRD and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care and health outcomes will be discussed. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The incidence of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. However, there are no standardized post-acute transition models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute transitions vary by race/ethnicity. Using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017) for 120,179 older adults with ADRD, we conduct multinomial logistic regression, to examine the association between race and post-acute discharge locations (proportion discharged to skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home with Home Health Care [HHC]), after accounting for patient characteristics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics have a significantly lower odds ratio for discharge to HHC 0.62 (95%CI=0.53-0.73), IRF 0.44 (CI=0.39-0.51), and SNF 0.26 (CI=0.23-0.30). Improving care in patients with ADRD and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care and health outcomes will be discussed. |
Wagner, Eric F; Baldwin, Julie A Recovery in Special Emphasis Populations Journal Article Alcohol Research Current Reviews, 40 (3), 2020. @article{Wagner2020, title = {Recovery in Special Emphasis Populations}, author = {Eric F. Wagner and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://arcr.niaaa.nih.gov/recovery-aud/recovery-special-emphasis-populations}, doi = {10.35946/arcr.v40.3.05}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-10}, journal = {Alcohol Research Current Reviews}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, abstract = {Special emphasis populations in the current context can be defined as groups experiencing health disparities resulting in elevated risk to health, safety, and well-being from drinking alcohol. Individuals from marginalized minority populations often encounter barriers to accessing and receiving effective alcohol treatment due to social inequities and disadvantaged life contexts, which also may adversely affect recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recovery from AUD often involves the adoption of a stable non-drinking lifestyle (sobriety), increased health and well-being, and increased social connection. Although there has been considerable work on AUD epidemiology among special emphasis populations, little research exists directly examining recovery among racial/ethnic minority populations and/or sexual and gender minority populations. The current narrative review hopes to spark scholarly interest in this critically neglected area. This article opens with a review of special emphasis populations and their alcohol-related risks. Next, definitions of recovery, Alcoholics Anonymous, and culturally adapted recovery models for racial/ethnic minority populations are explored. This is followed by a discussion of factors that may particularly influence recovery among marginalized minority populations. This narrative review concludes with a discussion of research priorities for promoting health equity through studies focused on understanding and supporting recovery from AUD among marginalized minority populations}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Special emphasis populations in the current context can be defined as groups experiencing health disparities resulting in elevated risk to health, safety, and well-being from drinking alcohol. Individuals from marginalized minority populations often encounter barriers to accessing and receiving effective alcohol treatment due to social inequities and disadvantaged life contexts, which also may adversely affect recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recovery from AUD often involves the adoption of a stable non-drinking lifestyle (sobriety), increased health and well-being, and increased social connection. Although there has been considerable work on AUD epidemiology among special emphasis populations, little research exists directly examining recovery among racial/ethnic minority populations and/or sexual and gender minority populations. The current narrative review hopes to spark scholarly interest in this critically neglected area. This article opens with a review of special emphasis populations and their alcohol-related risks. Next, definitions of recovery, Alcoholics Anonymous, and culturally adapted recovery models for racial/ethnic minority populations are explored. This is followed by a discussion of factors that may particularly influence recovery among marginalized minority populations. This narrative review concludes with a discussion of research priorities for promoting health equity through studies focused on understanding and supporting recovery from AUD among marginalized minority populations |
Eaves, Emery; II, Robert Trotter T; Baldwin, Julie A Human Organization, 79 (4), pp. 292-303, 2020. @article{Eaves2020b, title = {Another silver lining?: Anthropological perspectives on the promise and practice of relaxed restrictions for telemedicine and medication-assisted treatment in the context of COVID-19}, author = {Emery Eaves and Robert T. Trotter II and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/human-organization/article-abstract/79/4/292/449044/Another-Silver-Lining-Anthropological-Perspectives?redirectedFrom=fulltext}, doi = {10.17730/1938-3525-79.4.292}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-02}, journal = {Human Organization}, volume = {79}, number = {4}, pages = {292-303}, abstract = {As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has temporarily relaxed restrictions to serve people who are opioid dependent during social distancing mandates. Changes include allowing patients to take home more doses of methadone and buprenorphine rather than coming to the clinic every day (for methadone) or weekly (for buprenorphine) and relaxed restrictions on telehealth delivery. Telemedicine Program representatives have described the relaxing of federal regulations as a "silver lining" to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing from medical anthropology approaches to epidemic surveillance and understandings of risk, we critically evaluate media representations of recent changes to telemedicine, prescribing, and opioid treatment delivery. Ethnographic research with providers and stakeholders in Arizona from 2017 to the present add insight to our analysis of media reports on these topics. Our findings demonstrate that media portrayal of access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) as the key to preventing both COVID-19 and overdose among people who are opioid dependent misses important risks and potential inequities. Applied social science questions raised by the new guidelines include: who receives take-home doses of methadone and buprenorphine and why; and how media representations of risk and benefit rationales shape real-world policy and practice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has temporarily relaxed restrictions to serve people who are opioid dependent during social distancing mandates. Changes include allowing patients to take home more doses of methadone and buprenorphine rather than coming to the clinic every day (for methadone) or weekly (for buprenorphine) and relaxed restrictions on telehealth delivery. Telemedicine Program representatives have described the relaxing of federal regulations as a "silver lining" to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing from medical anthropology approaches to epidemic surveillance and understandings of risk, we critically evaluate media representations of recent changes to telemedicine, prescribing, and opioid treatment delivery. Ethnographic research with providers and stakeholders in Arizona from 2017 to the present add insight to our analysis of media reports on these topics. Our findings demonstrate that media portrayal of access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) as the key to preventing both COVID-19 and overdose among people who are opioid dependent misses important risks and potential inequities. Applied social science questions raised by the new guidelines include: who receives take-home doses of methadone and buprenorphine and why; and how media representations of risk and benefit rationales shape real-world policy and practice. |
Mousavi, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U HAN-ECG: An interpretable atrial fibrillation detection model using hierarchical attention networks Journal Article Computers in Biology and Medicine, 127 , 2020. @article{Mousavi2020b, title = {HAN-ECG: An interpretable atrial fibrillation detection model using hierarchical attention networks}, author = {Sajad Mousavi and Fatemeh Afghah and U Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482520303887?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104057}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-01}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {127}, abstract = {Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmias that affects the lives of many people around the world and is associated with a five-fold increased risk of stroke and mortality. Like other problems in the healthcare domain, artificial intelligence (AI)-based models have been used to detect AF from patients' ECG signals. The cardiologist level performance in detecting this arrhythmia is often achieved by deep learning-based methods, however, they suffer from the lack of interpretability. In other words, these approaches are unable to explain the reasons behind their decisions. The lack of interpretability is a common challenge toward a wide application of machine learning (ML)-based approaches in the healthcare which limits the trust of clinicians in such methods. To address this challenge, we propose HAN-ECG, an interpretable bidirectional-recurrent-neural-network-based approach for the AF detection task. The HAN-ECG employs three attention mechanism levels to provide a multi-resolution analysis of the patterns in ECG leading to AF. The detected patterns by this hierarchical attention model facilitate the interpretation of the neural network decision process in identifying the patterns in the signal which contributed the most to the final detection. Experimental results on two AF databases demonstrate that our proposed model performs better than the existing algorithms. Visualization of these attention layers illustrates that our proposed model decides upon the important waves and heartbeats which are clinically meaningful in the detection task (e.g., absence of P-waves, and irregular R-R intervals for the AF detection task).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmias that affects the lives of many people around the world and is associated with a five-fold increased risk of stroke and mortality. Like other problems in the healthcare domain, artificial intelligence (AI)-based models have been used to detect AF from patients' ECG signals. The cardiologist level performance in detecting this arrhythmia is often achieved by deep learning-based methods, however, they suffer from the lack of interpretability. In other words, these approaches are unable to explain the reasons behind their decisions. The lack of interpretability is a common challenge toward a wide application of machine learning (ML)-based approaches in the healthcare which limits the trust of clinicians in such methods. To address this challenge, we propose HAN-ECG, an interpretable bidirectional-recurrent-neural-network-based approach for the AF detection task. The HAN-ECG employs three attention mechanism levels to provide a multi-resolution analysis of the patterns in ECG leading to AF. The detected patterns by this hierarchical attention model facilitate the interpretation of the neural network decision process in identifying the patterns in the signal which contributed the most to the final detection. Experimental results on two AF databases demonstrate that our proposed model performs better than the existing algorithms. Visualization of these attention layers illustrates that our proposed model decides upon the important waves and heartbeats which are clinically meaningful in the detection task (e.g., absence of P-waves, and irregular R-R intervals for the AF detection task). |
Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol; Kumar, Amit; Warren, Meghan; Pohl, Patricia; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz Utilization After Hip Fracture in Medicare Beneficiaries With ADRD Journal Article Innovation in Aging, 4 (1), pp. 59, 2020. @article{Roy2020b, title = {Utilization After Hip Fracture in Medicare Beneficiaries With ADRD}, author = {Indrakshi Roy and Amol Karmarkar and Amit Kumar and Meghan Warren and Patricia Pohl and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.192}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igaa057.192}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-01}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {59}, abstract = {The incidence of hip fracture in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. Care complexity, including extensive post-acute rehabilitation, increases substantially in patients with ADRD after hip fracture. However, there are no standardized post-acute care utilization models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute utilization varies by race/ethnicity, in this population. To investigate racial differences in post-acute care utilization following hip fracture related hospitalization in patients with ADRD. A secondary analysis was conducted on 120,179 older adults with ADRD with incident hip fracture, using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017). The primary outcome was post-acute discharge dispositions (skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home Health Care [HHC]) across various racial groups. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between race and post-acute discharge dispositions after accounting for patient-level covariates. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, minority racial groups have significantly lower odds of being discharged to SNF, IRF, or HHC, as compared to home. Adjusted odds ratio for Hispanics discharged to SNF was 0.28 (CI=0.24-0.31), to IRF was 0.46 (CI=0.39-0.52) and HHC was 0.64 (95% CI =0.54-0.75), as compared to home. CONCLUSION: ADRD patients have higher risk of hip fracture. Findings from this study will provide insight on how to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care utilization in vulnerable populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The incidence of hip fracture in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. Care complexity, including extensive post-acute rehabilitation, increases substantially in patients with ADRD after hip fracture. However, there are no standardized post-acute care utilization models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute utilization varies by race/ethnicity, in this population. To investigate racial differences in post-acute care utilization following hip fracture related hospitalization in patients with ADRD. A secondary analysis was conducted on 120,179 older adults with ADRD with incident hip fracture, using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017). The primary outcome was post-acute discharge dispositions (skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home Health Care [HHC]) across various racial groups. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between race and post-acute discharge dispositions after accounting for patient-level covariates. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, minority racial groups have significantly lower odds of being discharged to SNF, IRF, or HHC, as compared to home. Adjusted odds ratio for Hispanics discharged to SNF was 0.28 (CI=0.24-0.31), to IRF was 0.46 (CI=0.39-0.52) and HHC was 0.64 (95% CI =0.54-0.75), as compared to home. CONCLUSION: ADRD patients have higher risk of hip fracture. Findings from this study will provide insight on how to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care utilization in vulnerable populations. |
Eaves, Emery R; Camplain, Ricky L; Lininger, Monica R; Trotter, Robert T Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2020. @article{Eaves2020, title = {Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Ricky L. Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Robert T. Trotter}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-16}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming. |
Sy, Angela; Hayes, Traci; Laurila, Kelly; Noboa, Carlamarie; Langwerden, Robbert J; Hospital, Michelle M; Andújar-Pérez, Doris A; Stevenson, Lakesha; Cunningham, Suzanne Randolph M; Rollins, Latrice; Madanat, Hala; Penn, Tanya; Mehravaran, Shiva Evaluating Research Centers in Minority Institutions: Framework, Metrics, Best Practices, and Challenges Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (22), 2020. @article{Sy2020, title = {Evaluating Research Centers in Minority Institutions: Framework, Metrics, Best Practices, and Challenges}, author = {Angela Sy and Traci Hayes and Kelly Laurila and Carlamarie Noboa and Robbert J Langwerden and Michelle M Hospital and Doris A Andújar-Pérez and Lakesha Stevenson and Suzanne M Randolph Cunningham and Latrice Rollins and Hala Madanat and Tanya Penn and Shiva Mehravaran}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/22/8373}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17228373}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-12}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, number = {22}, abstract = {The NIH-funded Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program is currently funding 18 academic institutions to strengthen the research environment and contribution to health disparities research. The purpose of this multiphase mixed-methods study was to establish a uniform evaluation framework for demonstrating the collective success of this research consortium. Methods included discussions of aims and logic models at the RCMI Evaluators' Workshop, a literature review to inform an evaluation conceptual framework, and a case study survey to obtain evaluation-related information and metrics. Ten RCMIs participated in the workshop and 14 submitted responses to the survey. The resultant RCMI Evaluation Conceptual Model presents a practical ongoing approach to document RCMIs' impacts on health disparities. Survey results identified 37 common metrics under four primary categories. Evaluation challenges were issues related to limited human resources, data collection, decision-making, defining metrics, cost-sharing, and revenue-generation. There is a need for further collaborative efforts across RCMI sites to engage program leadership and community stakeholders in addressing the identified evaluation challenges and measurement. Program leadership should be engaged to apply the Evaluation Conceptual Framework and common metrics to allow for valid inter-institutional comparisons and consortium-wide evaluations. Stakeholders could ensure evaluation metrics are used to facilitate community impacts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The NIH-funded Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program is currently funding 18 academic institutions to strengthen the research environment and contribution to health disparities research. The purpose of this multiphase mixed-methods study was to establish a uniform evaluation framework for demonstrating the collective success of this research consortium. Methods included discussions of aims and logic models at the RCMI Evaluators' Workshop, a literature review to inform an evaluation conceptual framework, and a case study survey to obtain evaluation-related information and metrics. Ten RCMIs participated in the workshop and 14 submitted responses to the survey. The resultant RCMI Evaluation Conceptual Model presents a practical ongoing approach to document RCMIs' impacts on health disparities. Survey results identified 37 common metrics under four primary categories. Evaluation challenges were issues related to limited human resources, data collection, decision-making, defining metrics, cost-sharing, and revenue-generation. There is a need for further collaborative efforts across RCMI sites to engage program leadership and community stakeholders in addressing the identified evaluation challenges and measurement. Program leadership should be engaged to apply the Evaluation Conceptual Framework and common metrics to allow for valid inter-institutional comparisons and consortium-wide evaluations. Stakeholders could ensure evaluation metrics are used to facilitate community impacts. |
Canori, Alexandra; Kumar, Amit; Hiremath, Shivayogi V Factors associated with multiple hospital readmissions for individuals with spinal cord injury Journal Article CommonHealth, 1 (2), 2020. @article{Canori2020, title = {Factors associated with multiple hospital readmissions for individuals with spinal cord injury}, author = {Alexandra Canori and Amit Kumar and Shivayogi V Hiremath }, url = {https://tuljournals.temple.edu/index.php/commonhealth/article/view/399 }, doi = {10.15367/ch.v1i2.399}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-28}, journal = {CommonHealth}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, abstract = {The study purpose was to identify patient-level and clinical factors associated with multiple hospital readmissions in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Of the 1170 participants included in the study, 228 were readmitted once and 120 were readmitted multiple times. In our study, 34.2% and 10.8% were readmitted more than once due to genitourinary and respiratory conditions, respectively. Lower utilization of rehabilitation services, lower functional status, unemployment, and depression were associated with higher odds of being readmitted multiple times within one year of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facility. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study purpose was to identify patient-level and clinical factors associated with multiple hospital readmissions in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Of the 1170 participants included in the study, 228 were readmitted once and 120 were readmitted multiple times. In our study, 34.2% and 10.8% were readmitted more than once due to genitourinary and respiratory conditions, respectively. Lower utilization of rehabilitation services, lower functional status, unemployment, and depression were associated with higher odds of being readmitted multiple times within one year of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facility. |
Barger, Steven D; Lininger, Monica R; II, Robert Trotter T; Wayment, Heidi A; Mbegbu, Mimi; Kyman, Shari; Pearson, Talima Educational Attainment and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in a Hispanic Border Community: Testing Fundamental Cause Theory Journal Article mSphere, 5 (5), 2020. @article{Barger2020b, title = {Educational Attainment and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in a Hispanic Border Community: Testing Fundamental Cause Theory}, author = {Steven D Barger and Monica R Lininger and Robert T Trotter II and Heidi A Wayment and Mimi Mbegbu and Shari Kyman and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00623-20}, doi = {10.1128/mSphere.00623-20}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-20}, journal = {mSphere}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {This study was carried out to evaluate hypotheses generated by fundamental cause theory regarding the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in colonization with Staphylococcus aureus among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults living in a border community. Participants (n = 613) recruited in naturally occurring small groups at public and private sites throughout Yuma County, AZ, completed a sociodemographic survey and swabbed their palms, noses, and throats to sample microbial flora. Positive S. aureus colonization among non-Hispanic white participants was nominally higher (39.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.4 to 46.1%) than that in Hispanics (31.3%; 95% CI = 26.4 to 36.8%), but there was no education gradient for the sample overall (incidence rate ratio = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.12) or within each ethnic group separately. The education gradient between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites was statistically equivalent. Results were consistent when home ownership was used as the SES indicator. These data show that S. aureus colonization is not linked to two different SES indicators or Hispanic ethnicity. S. aureus colonization may be considered a less preventable health risk that is outside the influence of SES-based resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study was carried out to evaluate hypotheses generated by fundamental cause theory regarding the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in colonization with Staphylococcus aureus among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults living in a border community. Participants (n = 613) recruited in naturally occurring small groups at public and private sites throughout Yuma County, AZ, completed a sociodemographic survey and swabbed their palms, noses, and throats to sample microbial flora. Positive S. aureus colonization among non-Hispanic white participants was nominally higher (39.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.4 to 46.1%) than that in Hispanics (31.3%; 95% CI = 26.4 to 36.8%), but there was no education gradient for the sample overall (incidence rate ratio = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.12) or within each ethnic group separately. The education gradient between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites was statistically equivalent. Results were consistent when home ownership was used as the SES indicator. These data show that S. aureus colonization is not linked to two different SES indicators or Hispanic ethnicity. S. aureus colonization may be considered a less preventable health risk that is outside the influence of SES-based resources. |
Williamson, Heather J; McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Yolanda E; Bacon, Rachel; Dunn, Dorothy J; Baldwin, Julie A Public Policy & Aging Report, 20 (20), pp. 1–3, 2020. @article{Williamson2020b, title = {Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Michael J. McCarthy and Yolanda E. Garcia and Rachel Bacon and Dorothy J. Dunn and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/praa024}, doi = {10.1093/ppar/praa024}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-04}, journal = {Public Policy & Aging Report}, volume = {20}, number = {20}, pages = {1–3}, abstract = {More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD. |
Yazzie, Del; Tallis, Kristen; Curley, Caleigh; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Eddie, Regina; Behrens, Timothy K; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Ashley, Martin; Benally, Herbert John; Begay, Gloria Ann; Jumbo-Rintila, Shirleen; de Heer, Hendrik D The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease Journal Article Preventing Chronic Disease, 17 , 2020. @article{Yazzie2020, title = {The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease}, author = {Del Yazzie and Kristen Tallis and Caleigh Curley and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Regina Eddie and Timothy K. Behrens and Ramona Antone-Nez and Martin Ashley and Herbert John Benally and Gloria Ann Begay and Shirleen Jumbo-Rintila and Hendrik D. de Heer}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/pdf/20_0038.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-03}, journal = {Preventing Chronic Disease}, volume = {17}, abstract = {Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies. |
Pro, George; Hubach, Randolph; Wheeler, Denna; Camplain, Ricky; Haberstroh, Shane; Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Carolyn; Baldwin, Julie A Differences in US COVID-19 case rates and case fatality rates across the urban-rural continuum Journal Article Rural Remote Health, 20 (3), 2020. @article{Pro2020b, title = {Differences in US COVID-19 case rates and case fatality rates across the urban-rural continuum}, author = {George Pro and Randolph Hubach and Denna Wheeler and Ricky Camplain and Shane Haberstroh and Zachary Giano and Carolyn Camplain and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6074}, doi = {10.22605/RRH6074}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-19}, journal = {Rural Remote Health}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, abstract = {The majority of COVID-19 public health and media messaging in the USA has focused on major outbreaks in densely populated urban areas, including New York City, New Orleans and Seattle. This attention is indeed warranted, as the number of deaths is an important indicator of outbreak severity and informs public health, medical and government responses. In addition to case rates and the number of deaths, the case fatality rate is another epidemiologic tool used in disease surveillance and is helpful in illuminating disparities between urban and rural populations. Case fatality rates account for the number of deaths (numerator) and the number of reported cases (denominator), allowing for direct comparisons of the mortality burden of a disease between areas where the reported case rates may differ.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The majority of COVID-19 public health and media messaging in the USA has focused on major outbreaks in densely populated urban areas, including New York City, New Orleans and Seattle. This attention is indeed warranted, as the number of deaths is an important indicator of outbreak severity and informs public health, medical and government responses. In addition to case rates and the number of deaths, the case fatality rate is another epidemiologic tool used in disease surveillance and is helpful in illuminating disparities between urban and rural populations. Case fatality rates account for the number of deaths (numerator) and the number of reported cases (denominator), allowing for direct comparisons of the mortality burden of a disease between areas where the reported case rates may differ. |
Edgeley, Catrin M; Burnett, Jack T Navigating the wildfire-pandemic interface: Public perceptions of COVID-19 and the 2020 wildfire season in Arizona Journal Article Fire, 3 (3), pp. 41, 2020. @article{Edgeley2020, title = {Navigating the wildfire-pandemic interface: Public perceptions of COVID-19 and the 2020 wildfire season in Arizona}, author = {Catrin M Edgeley and Jack T Burnett}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/3/3/41}, doi = {10.3390/fire3030041}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-09}, journal = {Fire}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {41}, abstract = {COVID-19 has complicated wildfire management and public safety for the 2020 fire season. It is unclear whether COVID-19 has impacted the ability of residents in the wildland-urban interface to prepare for and evacuate from wildfire, or the extent to which residents feel their household's safety has been affected. Several areas with high wildfire risk are also experiencing record numbers of COVID-19 cases, including the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. We conducted a mixed-mode survey of households in close proximity to two recent wildfires in rural Arizona to better understand whether residents living in the wildland-urban interface perceive COVID-19 as a factor in wildfire safety. Preliminary data suggest that the current challenges around collective action to address wildfire risk may be further exacerbated due to COVID-19, and that the current pandemic has potentially widened existing disparities in household capacity to conduct wildfire risk mitigation activities in the wildland-urban interface. Proactive planning for wildfire has also increased perceived ability to practice safe distancing from others during evacuation, highlighting the benefits that household planning for wildfire can have on other concurrent hazards. Parallels in both the wildfire and pandemic literature highlight vast opportunities for future research that can expand upon and advance our findings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } COVID-19 has complicated wildfire management and public safety for the 2020 fire season. It is unclear whether COVID-19 has impacted the ability of residents in the wildland-urban interface to prepare for and evacuate from wildfire, or the extent to which residents feel their household's safety has been affected. Several areas with high wildfire risk are also experiencing record numbers of COVID-19 cases, including the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. We conducted a mixed-mode survey of households in close proximity to two recent wildfires in rural Arizona to better understand whether residents living in the wildland-urban interface perceive COVID-19 as a factor in wildfire safety. Preliminary data suggest that the current challenges around collective action to address wildfire risk may be further exacerbated due to COVID-19, and that the current pandemic has potentially widened existing disparities in household capacity to conduct wildfire risk mitigation activities in the wildland-urban interface. Proactive planning for wildfire has also increased perceived ability to practice safe distancing from others during evacuation, highlighting the benefits that household planning for wildfire can have on other concurrent hazards. Parallels in both the wildfire and pandemic literature highlight vast opportunities for future research that can expand upon and advance our findings. |
Ferdows, Nasim B; Aranda, María P; Baldwin, Julie A; Ferdows, Soroosh Baghban; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S; Kumar, Amit Assessment of Racial Disparities in Mortality Rates Among Older Adults Living in US Rural vs Urban Counties From 1968 to 2016 Journal Article JAMA Network Open, 3 (8), 2020. @article{Ferdows2020, title = {Assessment of Racial Disparities in Mortality Rates Among Older Adults Living in US Rural vs Urban Counties From 1968 to 2016}, author = {Nasim B Ferdows and María P Aranda and Julie A Baldwin and Soroosh Baghban Ferdows and Jasjit S Ahluwalia and Amit Kumar}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2768943}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12241}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-03}, journal = {JAMA Network Open}, volume = {3}, number = {8}, abstract = {Population-based mortality rates are important indicators of overall health status. Mortality rates may reflect underlying disparities in access to health care, quality of care, racial and geographical variations, and other socioeconomic factors associated with health. However, there is limited information on historical trends in mortality rates between older Black and White adults living in urban compared with rural communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Population-based mortality rates are important indicators of overall health status. Mortality rates may reflect underlying disparities in access to health care, quality of care, racial and geographical variations, and other socioeconomic factors associated with health. However, there is limited information on historical trends in mortality rates between older Black and White adults living in urban compared with rural communities. |
Williamson, Heather J; Chief, Carmenlita; Jiménez, Dulce; Begay, Andria; Milner, Trudie F; Sullivan, Shevaun; Torres, Emma; Remiker, Mark; Longorio, Alexandra Elvira Samarron; Sabo, Samantha; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Voices of Community Partners: Perspectives Gained from Conversations of Community-Based Participatory Research Experiences Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020. @article{Williamson2020, title = {Voices of Community Partners: Perspectives Gained from Conversations of Community-Based Participatory Research Experiences}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Carmenlita Chief and Dulce Jiménez and Andria Begay and Trudie F. Milner and Shevaun Sullivan and Emma Torres and Mark Remiker and Alexandra Elvira Samarron Longorio and Samantha Sabo and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5245}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17145245}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-21}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, abstract = {Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been documented as an effective approach to research with underserved communities, particularly with racial and ethnic minority groups. However, much of the literature promoting the use of CBPR with underserved communities is written from the perspective of the researchers and not from the perspective of the community partner. The purpose of this article is to capture lessons learned from the community partners’insight gained through their experiences with CBPR. A multi-investigator consensus method was used to qualitatively code the transcripts of a CBPR story-telling video series. Seven major themes were identified: (1) expectations for engaging in research, (2) cultural humility, (3) respecting the partnership, (4) open communication, (5) genuine commitment, (6) valuing strengths and recognizing capacities, and (7) collaborating to yield meaningful results. The themes drawn from the community partner’s voice align with the tenets of CBPR advanced in the academic literature.More opportunities to include the community voice when promoting CBPR should be undertaken to help introduce the concepts to potential community partners who may be research cautious.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been documented as an effective approach to research with underserved communities, particularly with racial and ethnic minority groups. However, much of the literature promoting the use of CBPR with underserved communities is written from the perspective of the researchers and not from the perspective of the community partner. The purpose of this article is to capture lessons learned from the community partners’insight gained through their experiences with CBPR. A multi-investigator consensus method was used to qualitatively code the transcripts of a CBPR story-telling video series. Seven major themes were identified: (1) expectations for engaging in research, (2) cultural humility, (3) respecting the partnership, (4) open communication, (5) genuine commitment, (6) valuing strengths and recognizing capacities, and (7) collaborating to yield meaningful results. The themes drawn from the community partner’s voice align with the tenets of CBPR advanced in the academic literature.More opportunities to include the community voice when promoting CBPR should be undertaken to help introduce the concepts to potential community partners who may be research cautious. |
Ghazanfari, Behzad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Hajiaghayi, Mohammadtaghi Inverse Feature Learning: Feature Learning Based on Representation Learning of Error Journal Article IEEEXplore, 8 , pp. 132937 - 132949, 2020. @article{Ghazanfari2020, title = {Inverse Feature Learning: Feature Learning Based on Representation Learning of Error}, author = {Behzad Ghazanfari and Fatemeh Afghah and Mohammadtaghi Hajiaghayi}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9143092}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3009902}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-17}, journal = {IEEEXplore}, volume = {8}, pages = {132937 - 132949}, abstract = {This paper proposes inverse feature learning (IFL) as a novel supervised feature learning technique that learns a set of high-level features for classification based on an error representation approach. The key contribution of this method is to learn the representation of error as high-level features, while current representation learning methods interpret error by loss functions which are obtained as a function of differences between the true labels and the predicted ones. One advantage of this error representation is that the learned features for each class can be obtained independently of learned features for other classes; therefore, IFL can learn simultaneously meaning that it can learn new classes' features without retraining. Error representation learning can also help with generalization and reduce the chance of over-fitting by adding a set of impactful features to the original data set which capture the relationships between each instance and different classes through an error generation and analysis process. This method can be particularly effective in data sets, where the instances of each class have diverse feature representations or the ones with imbalanced classes. The experimental results show that the proposed IFL results in better performance compared to the state-of-the-art classification techniques for several popular data sets. We hope this paper can open a new path to utilize the proposed perspective of error representation learning in different feature learning domains.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper proposes inverse feature learning (IFL) as a novel supervised feature learning technique that learns a set of high-level features for classification based on an error representation approach. The key contribution of this method is to learn the representation of error as high-level features, while current representation learning methods interpret error by loss functions which are obtained as a function of differences between the true labels and the predicted ones. One advantage of this error representation is that the learned features for each class can be obtained independently of learned features for other classes; therefore, IFL can learn simultaneously meaning that it can learn new classes' features without retraining. Error representation learning can also help with generalization and reduce the chance of over-fitting by adding a set of impactful features to the original data set which capture the relationships between each instance and different classes through an error generation and analysis process. This method can be particularly effective in data sets, where the instances of each class have diverse feature representations or the ones with imbalanced classes. The experimental results show that the proposed IFL results in better performance compared to the state-of-the-art classification techniques for several popular data sets. We hope this paper can open a new path to utilize the proposed perspective of error representation learning in different feature learning domains. |
Stephenson, Sara; Roger, Oaklee; Ivy, Cynthia; Barron, Richard; Burke, Jennifer The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 8 (3), pp. 1-12, 2020. @article{Stephenson2020, title = {Designing Effective Capstone Experiences and Projects for Entry-Level Doctoral Students in Occupational Therapy: One Program’s Approaches and Lessons Learned}, author = {Sara Stephenson and Oaklee Roger and Cynthia Ivy and Richard Barron and Jennifer Burke}, url = {https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1727}, doi = {10.15453/2168-6408.1727}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-15}, journal = {The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {Entry-level doctoral occupational therapy programs require students to complete a capstone experience and project that supports advanced skills through an in-depth learning experience with a student-selected mentor. Strong curriculum design and mentorship are vital aspects of successful capstone experiences and projects. Through the application of these key components, students are supported, in collaboration with mentors, to achieve mutually beneficial projects allowing advancement of the profession through dissemination of capstone work.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Entry-level doctoral occupational therapy programs require students to complete a capstone experience and project that supports advanced skills through an in-depth learning experience with a student-selected mentor. Strong curriculum design and mentorship are vital aspects of successful capstone experiences and projects. Through the application of these key components, students are supported, in collaboration with mentors, to achieve mutually beneficial projects allowing advancement of the profession through dissemination of capstone work. |
Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Hocking, Toby; Afghah, Fatemeh A Graph-constrained Changepoint Detection Approach for ECG Segmentation Journal Article Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc., pp. 332-336, 2020. @article{Fotoohinasab2020, title = {A Graph-constrained Changepoint Detection Approach for ECG Segmentation}, author = {Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Toby Hocking and Fatemeh Afghah }, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33017996/}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175333}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-01}, journal = {Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.}, pages = {332-336}, abstract = {Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most commonly used non-invasive tool in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Segmentation of the ECG signal to locate its constitutive waves, in particular the R-peaks, is a key step in ECG processing and analysis. Over the years, several segmentation and QRS complex detection algorithms have been proposed with different features; however, their performance highly depends on applying preprocessing steps which makes them unreliable in realtime data analysis of ambulatory care settings and remote monitoring systems, where the collected data is highly noisy. Moreover, some issues still remain with the current algorithms in regard to the diverse morphological categories for the ECG signal and their high computation cost. In this paper, we introduce a novel graph-based optimal changepoint detection (GCCD) method for reliable detection of Rpeak positions without employing any preprocessing step. The proposed model guarantees to compute the globally optimal changepoint detection solution. It is also generic in nature and can be applied to other time-series biomedical signals. Based on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia (MIT-BIH-AR) database, the proposed method achieves overall sensitivity Sen = 99.76, positive predictivity PPR = 99.68, and detection error rate DER = 0.55 which are comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most commonly used non-invasive tool in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Segmentation of the ECG signal to locate its constitutive waves, in particular the R-peaks, is a key step in ECG processing and analysis. Over the years, several segmentation and QRS complex detection algorithms have been proposed with different features; however, their performance highly depends on applying preprocessing steps which makes them unreliable in realtime data analysis of ambulatory care settings and remote monitoring systems, where the collected data is highly noisy. Moreover, some issues still remain with the current algorithms in regard to the diverse morphological categories for the ECG signal and their high computation cost. In this paper, we introduce a novel graph-based optimal changepoint detection (GCCD) method for reliable detection of Rpeak positions without employing any preprocessing step. The proposed model guarantees to compute the globally optimal changepoint detection solution. It is also generic in nature and can be applied to other time-series biomedical signals. Based on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia (MIT-BIH-AR) database, the proposed method achieves overall sensitivity Sen = 99.76, positive predictivity PPR = 99.68, and detection error rate DER = 0.55 which are comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches. |
Ingram, Maia; Sabo, Samantha; Redondo, Floribella; Soto, Yanitza; Russell, Kim; Carter, Heather; Bender, Brook; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey Establishing voluntary certification of community health workers in Arizona: a policy case study of building a unified workforce Journal Article Human Resources for Health, 18 (46), 2020. @article{Ingram2020, title = {Establishing voluntary certification of community health workers in Arizona: a policy case study of building a unified workforce}, author = {Maia Ingram and Samantha Sabo and Floribella Redondo and Yanitza Soto and Kim Russell and Heather Carter and Brook Bender and Jill Guernsey de Zapien }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00487-7}, doi = {10.1186/s12960-020-00487-7}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-26}, journal = {Human Resources for Health}, volume = {18}, number = {46}, abstract = {Community health workers (CHWs) are widely recognized as essential to addressing disparities in health care delivery and outcomes in US vulnerable populations. In the state of Arizona, the sustainability of the workforce is threatened by low wages, poor job security, and limited opportunities for training and advancement within the profession. CHW voluntary certification offers an avenue to increase the recognition, compensation, training, and standardization of the workforce. However, passing voluntary certification legislation in an anti-regulatory state such as Arizona posed a major challenge that required a robust advocacy effort.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community health workers (CHWs) are widely recognized as essential to addressing disparities in health care delivery and outcomes in US vulnerable populations. In the state of Arizona, the sustainability of the workforce is threatened by low wages, poor job security, and limited opportunities for training and advancement within the profession. CHW voluntary certification offers an avenue to increase the recognition, compensation, training, and standardization of the workforce. However, passing voluntary certification legislation in an anti-regulatory state such as Arizona posed a major challenge that required a robust advocacy effort. |
Jones, M C; Credo, Jonathan; Ingram, Jani; Baldwin, Julie A; Trotter, Robert T; Propper, Catherine Arsenic Concentrations in Ground and Surface Waters across Arizona Including Native Lands Journal Article Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 122 (5), pp. 523-537, 2020. @article{Jones2020, title = {Arsenic Concentrations in Ground and Surface Waters across Arizona Including Native Lands}, author = {M.C. Jones and Jonathan Credo and Jani Ingram and Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter and Catherine Propper}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.03331.x}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.29885}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-01}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education}, volume = {122}, number = {5}, pages = {523-537}, abstract = {Parts of the Southwestern United States report arsenic levels in water resources that are above the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s current drinking water limits. Prolonged exposure to arsenic through food and drinking water can contribute to significant health problems including cancer, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. In order to understand exposure risks, water sampling and testing has been conducted throughout Arizona. This information is available to the public through often non-overlapping databases that are difficult to access and in impracticable formats. The current study utilized a systemic compilation of online databases to compile a spreadsheet containing over 33,000 water samples. The reported arsenic concentrations from these databases were collected from 1990–2017. Using ArcGIS software, these data were converted into a map shapefile and overlaid onto a map of Arizona. This visual representation shows that arsenic levels in surface and ground water exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s drinking water limits for many sites in several counties in Arizona, and there is an underrepresentation of sampling in several tribal jurisdictions. This information is useful for water managers and private well owners throughout the State for determining safe drinking water sources and limiting exposure to arsenic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Parts of the Southwestern United States report arsenic levels in water resources that are above the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s current drinking water limits. Prolonged exposure to arsenic through food and drinking water can contribute to significant health problems including cancer, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. In order to understand exposure risks, water sampling and testing has been conducted throughout Arizona. This information is available to the public through often non-overlapping databases that are difficult to access and in impracticable formats. The current study utilized a systemic compilation of online databases to compile a spreadsheet containing over 33,000 water samples. The reported arsenic concentrations from these databases were collected from 1990–2017. Using ArcGIS software, these data were converted into a map shapefile and overlaid onto a map of Arizona. This visual representation shows that arsenic levels in surface and ground water exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s drinking water limits for many sites in several counties in Arizona, and there is an underrepresentation of sampling in several tribal jurisdictions. This information is useful for water managers and private well owners throughout the State for determining safe drinking water sources and limiting exposure to arsenic. |
Reynolds, Lori; Rogers, Oaklee; Benford, Andrew; Ingwaldson, Ammie; Vu, Bethany; Holstege, Tiffany; Alvarado, Korinna Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder Journal Article Journal of Addiction, 2020 , 2020. @article{Reynolds2020, title = {Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder}, author = {Lori Reynolds and Oaklee Rogers and Andrew Benford and Ammie Ingwaldson and Bethany Vu and Tiffany Holstege and Korinna Alvarado}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1892390}, doi = {10.1155/2020/1892390}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-20}, journal = {Journal of Addiction}, volume = {2020}, abstract = {Substance use disorder (SUD) afflicts a large percentage of the United States population, with negative implications that cost more than $420 billion annually. This population often experiences negative emotions throughout the recovery process, including anxiety, depression, stress, and negative affect. Currently, evidence-based treatment strategies for SUD include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, 12-step programs, and mindfulness-based treatment. One intervention that has not been studied at length among individuals with SUD is use of the natural environment as treatment. Among other patient populations, nature has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety by regulating autonomic nervous system function, reducing symptoms of depression, and improving mood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether viewing nature videos could similarly reduce stress and improve mood in individuals with SUD. A crossover design was used to compare viewing a nature scene and practicing mindfulness-based activities for women with SUD at a residential treatment facility. Over four weeks, participants engaged in the two activities for the first 10 minutes of their daily program. Immediately before and after each 10 minute session, measures were taken for heart rate, in beats per minute (BPM); affect, using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS); and overall mood, using a 10-point rating scale from “very unpleasant” to “pleasant.” Thirty-six women completed the study. For viewing a nature scene and practicing the mindfulness-based activities, there were statistically significant reductions in mean negative affect scores () and heart rate (). In addition, for participants in both conditions, overall mood improved significantly (). The results from this study provide initial evidence that viewing nature has similar benefits to MBT in the treatment of stress and negative mood associated with the SUD recovery process and may be an additional, cost-effective treatment strategy for individuals with SUD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Substance use disorder (SUD) afflicts a large percentage of the United States population, with negative implications that cost more than $420 billion annually. This population often experiences negative emotions throughout the recovery process, including anxiety, depression, stress, and negative affect. Currently, evidence-based treatment strategies for SUD include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, 12-step programs, and mindfulness-based treatment. One intervention that has not been studied at length among individuals with SUD is use of the natural environment as treatment. Among other patient populations, nature has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety by regulating autonomic nervous system function, reducing symptoms of depression, and improving mood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether viewing nature videos could similarly reduce stress and improve mood in individuals with SUD. A crossover design was used to compare viewing a nature scene and practicing mindfulness-based activities for women with SUD at a residential treatment facility. Over four weeks, participants engaged in the two activities for the first 10 minutes of their daily program. Immediately before and after each 10 minute session, measures were taken for heart rate, in beats per minute (BPM); affect, using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS); and overall mood, using a 10-point rating scale from “very unpleasant” to “pleasant.” Thirty-six women completed the study. For viewing a nature scene and practicing the mindfulness-based activities, there were statistically significant reductions in mean negative affect scores () and heart rate (). In addition, for participants in both conditions, overall mood improved significantly (). The results from this study provide initial evidence that viewing nature has similar benefits to MBT in the treatment of stress and negative mood associated with the SUD recovery process and may be an additional, cost-effective treatment strategy for individuals with SUD. |
Baldwin, JA ; Lowe, J; Brooks, J; Charbonneau-Dahlen, BK ; Lawrence, G; Johnson-Jennings, M; Padgett, G; Kelley, M; Camplain, C Health Promot Pract., 22 (6), pp. 778-785, 2020. @article{Baldwin2020, title = {Formative Research and Cultural Tailoring of a Substance Abuse Prevention Program for American Indian Youth: Findings From the Intertribal Talking Circle Intervention}, author = {Baldwin, JA and Lowe, J and Brooks, J and Charbonneau-Dahlen, BK and Lawrence, G and Johnson-Jennings ,M and Padgett, G and Kelley, M and Camplain, C}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839920918551}, doi = {10.1177/1524839920918551}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-14}, journal = {Health Promot Pract.}, volume = {22}, number = {6}, pages = {778-785}, abstract = {Substance use among American Indians (AIs) is a critical health issue and accounts for many health problems such as chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, behavioral health conditions, homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accidents. In 2013, the highest rates of substance use and dependence were seen among AIs when compared to all other population groups, although these rates vary across different tribes. Among AI adolescents, high rates of substance use have been associated with environmental and historical factors, including poverty, historical trauma, bicultural stress, and changing tribal/familial roles. Our project, the Intertribal Talking Circle intervention, involved adapting, tailoring, implementing, and evaluating an existing intervention for AI youth of three tribal communities in the United States. Formative Results. Community partnership committees (CPCs) identified alcohol, marijuana, and prescription medications as high priority substances. CPC concerns focused on the increasing substance use in their communities and the corresponding negative impacts on families, stating a lack of coping skills, positive role models, and hope for the future as concerns for youth. Cultural Tailoring Process Results. Each site formed a CPC that culturally tailored the intervention for their tribal community. This included translating Keetoowah-Cherokee language, cultural practices, and symbolism into the local tribal customs for relevance. The CPCs were essential for incorporating local context and perceived concerns around AI adolescent substance use. These results may be helpful to other tribal communities developing/implementing substance use prevention interventions for AI youth. It is critical that Indigenous cultures and local context be factored into such programs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Substance use among American Indians (AIs) is a critical health issue and accounts for many health problems such as chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, behavioral health conditions, homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accidents. In 2013, the highest rates of substance use and dependence were seen among AIs when compared to all other population groups, although these rates vary across different tribes. Among AI adolescents, high rates of substance use have been associated with environmental and historical factors, including poverty, historical trauma, bicultural stress, and changing tribal/familial roles. Our project, the Intertribal Talking Circle intervention, involved adapting, tailoring, implementing, and evaluating an existing intervention for AI youth of three tribal communities in the United States. Formative Results. Community partnership committees (CPCs) identified alcohol, marijuana, and prescription medications as high priority substances. CPC concerns focused on the increasing substance use in their communities and the corresponding negative impacts on families, stating a lack of coping skills, positive role models, and hope for the future as concerns for youth. Cultural Tailoring Process Results. Each site formed a CPC that culturally tailored the intervention for their tribal community. This included translating Keetoowah-Cherokee language, cultural practices, and symbolism into the local tribal customs for relevance. The CPCs were essential for incorporating local context and perceived concerns around AI adolescent substance use. These results may be helpful to other tribal communities developing/implementing substance use prevention interventions for AI youth. It is critical that Indigenous cultures and local context be factored into such programs. |
Lindly, Olivia J; Martin, Alison J; Lally, Kathryn Community Mental Health Journal, 2020. @article{Lindly2020, title = {A Profile of Care Coordination, Missed School Days, and Unmet Needs Among Oregon Children With Special Health Care Needs With Behavioral and Mental Health Conditions}, author = {Olivia J Lindly and Alison J Martin and Kathryn Lally}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00609-4}, doi = {10.1007/s10597-020-00609-4}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-01}, journal = {Community Mental Health Journal}, abstract = {To inform Oregon's Title V needs assessment activities, we aimed to (1) characterize the state's subpopulation of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with behavioral and mental health conditions (B/MHC) and (2) determine associations of care coordination with missed school days and unmet needs for this subpopulation. We analyzed 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs data on 736 Oregon CSHCN < 18 years, including 418 CSHCN with B/MHC. Among Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC: 48.9% missed ≥ 4 school days, 25% had ≥ 1 unmet health services need, and 14.8% had ≥ 1 unmet family support services need. Care coordination was associated with lower adjusted odds of ≥ 1 unmet health services need but was not significantly associated with missed school days or unmet family support services need. The approach to identify Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC may be adopted by other states endeavoring to improve health for this vulnerable subpopulation}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To inform Oregon's Title V needs assessment activities, we aimed to (1) characterize the state's subpopulation of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with behavioral and mental health conditions (B/MHC) and (2) determine associations of care coordination with missed school days and unmet needs for this subpopulation. We analyzed 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs data on 736 Oregon CSHCN < 18 years, including 418 CSHCN with B/MHC. Among Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC: 48.9% missed ≥ 4 school days, 25% had ≥ 1 unmet health services need, and 14.8% had ≥ 1 unmet family support services need. Care coordination was associated with lower adjusted odds of ≥ 1 unmet health services need but was not significantly associated with missed school days or unmet family support services need. The approach to identify Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC may be adopted by other states endeavoring to improve health for this vulnerable subpopulation |
Pro, George; Utter, Jeff; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie Drug Alcohol Dependence , 209 , 2020. @article{Pro2020c, title = {Dual mental health diagnoses predict the receipt of medication-assisted opioid treatment: Associations moderated by state Medicaid expansion status, race/ethnicity and gender, and year}, author = {George Pro and Jeff Utter and Shane Haberstroh and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107952}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107952}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-01}, journal = {Drug Alcohol Dependence }, volume = {209}, abstract = {Mental health diagnoses (MHD) are common among those with opioid use disorders (OUD). Methadone/buprenorphine are effective medication-assisted treatment (MAT) strategies; however, treatment receipt is low among those with dual MHDs. Medicaid expansions have broadly increased access to OUD and mental health services over time, but MAT uptake may vary depending on multiple factors, including MHD status, state Medicaid expansion decisions, and race/ethnicity and gender. Examining clinical and policy approaches to promoting MAT uptake may improve services among marginalized groups.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mental health diagnoses (MHD) are common among those with opioid use disorders (OUD). Methadone/buprenorphine are effective medication-assisted treatment (MAT) strategies; however, treatment receipt is low among those with dual MHDs. Medicaid expansions have broadly increased access to OUD and mental health services over time, but MAT uptake may vary depending on multiple factors, including MHD status, state Medicaid expansion decisions, and race/ethnicity and gender. Examining clinical and policy approaches to promoting MAT uptake may improve services among marginalized groups. |
Stout, Nicole L; Brown, Justin C; Schwartz, Anna L; Marshall, Timothy F; Campbell, Anna M; Nekhlyudov, Larissa; Zucker, David S; Basen-Engquist, Karen M; Campbell, Grace; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey; Cheville, Andrea L; Covington, Kelley R; Ligibel, Jennifer A; Sokolof, Jonas M; Schmitz, Kathryn H; Alfano, Catherine M An exercise oncology clinical pathway: Screening and referral for personalized interventions Journal Article American Cancer Society Journals, 2020. @article{Stout2020, title = {An exercise oncology clinical pathway: Screening and referral for personalized interventions}, author = {Nicole L Stout and Justin C Brown and Anna L Schwartz and Timothy F Marshall and Anna M Campbell and Larissa Nekhlyudov and David S Zucker and Karen M Basen-Engquist and Grace Campbell and Jeffrey Meyerhardt and Andrea L Cheville and Kelley R Covington and Jennifer A Ligibel and Jonas M Sokolof and Kathryn H Schmitz and Catherine M Alfano}, url = {https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncr.32860}, doi = {10.1002/cncr.32860}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-25}, journal = {American Cancer Society Journals}, abstract = {This article presents a clinical screening and referral framework to enable health care professionals to guide individuals with cancer to safe and effective exercise programs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article presents a clinical screening and referral framework to enable health care professionals to guide individuals with cancer to safe and effective exercise programs. |
Pearson, Talima; Sahl, Jason; Hepp, Crystal; Handady, Karthik; Hornstra, Heidie; Vazquez, Adam J; Mayo, Erik Settles Mark; Kaestli, Mirjam; Williamson, Heather; Price, Erin P; Sarovich, Derek S; Cook, James M; Wolken, Spenser R; Bowen, Richard; Tuanyok, Apichai; Foster, Jeffrey; Drees, Keven P; Kidd, Timothy J; Bell, Scott C; Currie, Bart J; Keim, Paul PLoS Pathogens, 2020. @article{Pearson2020, title = {Pathogen to Commensal? Longitudinal Within-Host Population Dynamics, Evolution, and Adaptation During a Chronic >16-year Burkholderia Pseudomallei Infection}, author = {Talima Pearson and Jason Sahl and Crystal Hepp and Karthik Handady and Heidie Hornstra and Adam J. Vazquez and Erik Settles Mark Mayo and Mirjam Kaestli and Heather Williamson and Erin P. Price and Derek S. Sarovich and James M. Cook and Spenser R. Wolken and Richard Bowen and Apichai Tuanyok and Jeffrey Foster and Keven P. Drees and Timothy J. Kidd and Scott C. Bell and Bart J. Currie and Paul Keim}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008298}, doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1008298}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-05}, journal = {PLoS Pathogens}, abstract = {Although acute melioidosis is the most common outcome of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection, we have documented a case, P314, where disease severity lessened with time, and the pathogen evolved towards a commensal relationship with the host. In the current study, we used whole-genome sequencing to monitor this long-term symbiotic relationship to better understand B. pseudomallei persistence in P314's sputum despite intensive initial therapeutic regimens. We collected and sequenced 118 B. pseudomallei isolates from P314's airways over a >16-year period, and also sampled the patient's home environment, recovering six closely related B. pseudomallei isolates from the household water system. Using comparative genomics, we identified 126 SNPs in the core genome of the 124 isolates or 162 SNPs/indels when the accessory genome was included. The core SNPs were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which demonstrated a close relationship between environmental and clinical isolates and detailed within-host evolutionary patterns. The phylogeny had little homoplasy, consistent with a strictly clonal mode of genetic inheritance. Repeated sampling revealed evidence of genetic diversification, but frequent extinctions left only one successful lineage through the first four years and two lineages after that. Overall, the evolution of this population is nonadaptive and best explained by genetic drift. However, some genetic and phenotypic changes are consistent with in situ adaptation. Using a mouse model, P314 isolates caused greatly reduced morbidity and mortality compared to the environmental isolates. Additionally, potentially adaptive phenotypes emerged and included differences in the O-antigen, capsular polysaccharide, motility, and colony morphology. The >13-year co-existence of two long-lived lineages presents interesting hypotheses that can be tested in future studies to provide additional insights into selective pressures, niche differentiation, and microbial adaptation. This unusual melioidosis case presents a rare example of the evolutionary progression towards commensalism by a highly virulent pathogen within a single human host.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Although acute melioidosis is the most common outcome of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection, we have documented a case, P314, where disease severity lessened with time, and the pathogen evolved towards a commensal relationship with the host. In the current study, we used whole-genome sequencing to monitor this long-term symbiotic relationship to better understand B. pseudomallei persistence in P314's sputum despite intensive initial therapeutic regimens. We collected and sequenced 118 B. pseudomallei isolates from P314's airways over a >16-year period, and also sampled the patient's home environment, recovering six closely related B. pseudomallei isolates from the household water system. Using comparative genomics, we identified 126 SNPs in the core genome of the 124 isolates or 162 SNPs/indels when the accessory genome was included. The core SNPs were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which demonstrated a close relationship between environmental and clinical isolates and detailed within-host evolutionary patterns. The phylogeny had little homoplasy, consistent with a strictly clonal mode of genetic inheritance. Repeated sampling revealed evidence of genetic diversification, but frequent extinctions left only one successful lineage through the first four years and two lineages after that. Overall, the evolution of this population is nonadaptive and best explained by genetic drift. However, some genetic and phenotypic changes are consistent with in situ adaptation. Using a mouse model, P314 isolates caused greatly reduced morbidity and mortality compared to the environmental isolates. Additionally, potentially adaptive phenotypes emerged and included differences in the O-antigen, capsular polysaccharide, motility, and colony morphology. The >13-year co-existence of two long-lived lineages presents interesting hypotheses that can be tested in future studies to provide additional insights into selective pressures, niche differentiation, and microbial adaptation. This unusual melioidosis case presents a rare example of the evolutionary progression towards commensalism by a highly virulent pathogen within a single human host. |
Cocking, Jill Hager; Deberg, Michael; Schupp, Jim; Sahl, Jason; Wiggins, Kristin; Porty, Ariel; Hornstra, Heidie M; Hepp, Crystal; Jardine, Claire; Furstenau, Tara N; Schulte-Hostedde, Albrecht; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Pearson, Talima Selective Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing of Coxiella Burnetii Directly From Environmental Samples Journal Article Genomics, 112 (2), pp. 1872-1878, 2020. @article{Cocking2020, title = {Selective Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing of Coxiella Burnetii Directly From Environmental Samples}, author = {Jill Hager Cocking and Michael Deberg and Jim Schupp and Jason Sahl and Kristin Wiggins and Ariel Porty and Heidie M. Hornstra and Crystal Hepp and Claire Jardine and Tara N. Furstenau and Albrecht Schulte-Hostedde and Viacheslav Y. Fofanov and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888754319302058?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.022}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-01}, journal = {Genomics}, volume = {112}, number = {2}, pages = {1872-1878}, abstract = {Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a widely available, inexpensive means of providing a wealth of information about an organism's diversity and evolution. However, WGS for many pathogenic bacteria remain limited because they are difficult, slow and/or dangerous to culture. To avoid culturing, metagenomic sequencing can be performed directly on samples, but the sequencing effort required to characterize low frequency organisms can be expensive. Recently developed methods for selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) can enrich target DNA to provide efficient sequencing. We amplified Coxiella burnetii (a bacterial select agent and human/livestock pathogen) from 3 three environmental samples that were overwhelmed with host DNA. The 68- to 147-fold enrichment of the bacterial sequences provided enough genome coverage for SNP analyses and phylogenetic placement. SWGA is a valuable tool for the study of difficult-to-culture organisms and has the potential to facilitate high-throughput population characterizations as well as targeted epidemiological or forensic investigations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a widely available, inexpensive means of providing a wealth of information about an organism's diversity and evolution. However, WGS for many pathogenic bacteria remain limited because they are difficult, slow and/or dangerous to culture. To avoid culturing, metagenomic sequencing can be performed directly on samples, but the sequencing effort required to characterize low frequency organisms can be expensive. Recently developed methods for selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) can enrich target DNA to provide efficient sequencing. We amplified Coxiella burnetii (a bacterial select agent and human/livestock pathogen) from 3 three environmental samples that were overwhelmed with host DNA. The 68- to 147-fold enrichment of the bacterial sequences provided enough genome coverage for SNP analyses and phylogenetic placement. SWGA is a valuable tool for the study of difficult-to-culture organisms and has the potential to facilitate high-throughput population characterizations as well as targeted epidemiological or forensic investigations. |
Pinto, Bronson I; Cruz, Nathan D; Lujan, Oscar R; Propper, Catherine R; Kellar, Robert S In Vitro Scratch Assay to Demonstrate Effects of Arsenic on Skin Cell Migration Journal Article Jove, 144 , 2020. @article{Pinto2020, title = {In Vitro Scratch Assay to Demonstrate Effects of Arsenic on Skin Cell Migration}, author = {Bronson I Pinto and Nathan D Cruz and Oscar R Lujan and Catherine R Propper and Robert S Kellar}, url = {https://www.jove.com/video/58838/in-vitro-scratch-assay-to-demonstrate-effects-arsenic-on-skin-cell}, doi = {10.3791/58838}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-23}, journal = {Jove}, volume = {144}, abstract = {Understanding the physiologic mechanisms of wound healing has been the focus of ongoing research for many years. This research directly translates into changes in clinical standards used for treating wounds and decreasing morbidity and mortality for patients. Wound healing is a complex process that requires strategic cell and tissue interaction and function. One of the many critically important functions of wound healing is individual and collective cellular migration. Upon injury, various cells from the blood, surrounding connective, and epithelial tissues rapidly migrate to the wound site by way of chemical and/or physical stimuli. This migration response can largely dictate the outcomes and success of a healing wound. Understanding this specific cellular function is important for translational medicine that can lead to improved wound healing outcomes. Here, we describe a protocol used to better understand cellular migration as it pertains to wound healing, and how changes to the cellular environment can significantly alter this process. In this example study, dermal fibroblasts were grown in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) as monolayer cultures in tissue culture flasks. Cells were aseptically transferred into tissue culture treated 12-well plates and grown to 100% confluence. Upon reaching confluence, the cells in the monolayer were vertically scratched using a p200 pipet tip. Arsenic diluted in culture media supplemented with FBS was added to individual wells at environmentally relevant doses ranging 0.1-10 μM. Images were captured every 4 hours (h) over a 24 h period using an inverted light microscope to observe cellular migration (wound closure). Images were individually analyzed using image analysis software, and percent wound closure was calculated. Results demonstrate that arsenic slows down wound healing. This technique provides a rapid and inexpensive first screen for evaluation of the effects of contaminants on wound healing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the physiologic mechanisms of wound healing has been the focus of ongoing research for many years. This research directly translates into changes in clinical standards used for treating wounds and decreasing morbidity and mortality for patients. Wound healing is a complex process that requires strategic cell and tissue interaction and function. One of the many critically important functions of wound healing is individual and collective cellular migration. Upon injury, various cells from the blood, surrounding connective, and epithelial tissues rapidly migrate to the wound site by way of chemical and/or physical stimuli. This migration response can largely dictate the outcomes and success of a healing wound. Understanding this specific cellular function is important for translational medicine that can lead to improved wound healing outcomes. Here, we describe a protocol used to better understand cellular migration as it pertains to wound healing, and how changes to the cellular environment can significantly alter this process. In this example study, dermal fibroblasts were grown in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) as monolayer cultures in tissue culture flasks. Cells were aseptically transferred into tissue culture treated 12-well plates and grown to 100% confluence. Upon reaching confluence, the cells in the monolayer were vertically scratched using a p200 pipet tip. Arsenic diluted in culture media supplemented with FBS was added to individual wells at environmentally relevant doses ranging 0.1-10 μM. Images were captured every 4 hours (h) over a 24 h period using an inverted light microscope to observe cellular migration (wound closure). Images were individually analyzed using image analysis software, and percent wound closure was calculated. Results demonstrate that arsenic slows down wound healing. This technique provides a rapid and inexpensive first screen for evaluation of the effects of contaminants on wound healing. |
Ghazanfari, Behzad; Zhang, Sixian; Afghah, Fatemeh; Payton-McCauslin, Nathan Simultaneous Multiple Features Tracking of Beats: A Representation Learning Approach to Reduce False Alarm Rate in ICUs Journal Article Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, pp. 2350-2355, 2020. @article{Ghazanfari2020b, title = {Simultaneous Multiple Features Tracking of Beats: A Representation Learning Approach to Reduce False Alarm Rate in ICUs}, author = {Behzad Ghazanfari and Sixian Zhang and Fatemeh Afghah and Nathan Payton-McCauslin}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8983408}, doi = {10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983408}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-06}, journal = {Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine}, pages = {2350-2355}, abstract = {The high rate of false alarms is a key challenge related to patient care in intensive care units (ICUs) that can result in delayed responses of the medical staff. Several rule-based and machine learning-based techniques have been developed to address this problem. However, the majority of these methods rely on the availability of different physiological signals such as different electrocardiogram (ECG) leads, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and photoplethysmogram (PPG), where each signal is analyzed by an independent processing unit and the results are fed to an algorithm to determine an alarm. That calls for novel methods that can accurately detect the cardiac events by only accessing one signal (e.g., ECG) with a low level of computation and sensors requirement. We propose a novel and robust representation learning framework for ECG analysis that only rely on a single lead ECG signal and yet achieves considerably better performance compared to the state-of-the-art works in this domain, without relying on an expert knowledge. We evaluate the performance of this method using the "2015 Physionet computing in cardiology challenge" dataset. To the best of our knowledge, the best previously reported performance is based on both expert knowledge and machine learning where all available signals of ECG, ABP and PPG are utilized. Our proposed method reaches the performance of 97.3%, 95.5 %, and 90.8 % in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and the challenge's score, respectively for the detection of five arrhythmias when only one single ECG lead signals is used without any expert knowledge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The high rate of false alarms is a key challenge related to patient care in intensive care units (ICUs) that can result in delayed responses of the medical staff. Several rule-based and machine learning-based techniques have been developed to address this problem. However, the majority of these methods rely on the availability of different physiological signals such as different electrocardiogram (ECG) leads, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and photoplethysmogram (PPG), where each signal is analyzed by an independent processing unit and the results are fed to an algorithm to determine an alarm. That calls for novel methods that can accurately detect the cardiac events by only accessing one signal (e.g., ECG) with a low level of computation and sensors requirement. We propose a novel and robust representation learning framework for ECG analysis that only rely on a single lead ECG signal and yet achieves considerably better performance compared to the state-of-the-art works in this domain, without relying on an expert knowledge. We evaluate the performance of this method using the "2015 Physionet computing in cardiology challenge" dataset. To the best of our knowledge, the best previously reported performance is based on both expert knowledge and machine learning where all available signals of ECG, ABP and PPG are utilized. Our proposed method reaches the performance of 97.3%, 95.5 %, and 90.8 % in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and the challenge's score, respectively for the detection of five arrhythmias when only one single ECG lead signals is used without any expert knowledge. |
Kumar, Amit; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Karmarkar, Amol M; Chou, Lin-Na; Kuo, Yong-Fang; Baldwin, Julie A; Panagiotou, Orestis A; Burke, Robert E; Ottenbacher, Kenneth J Social and Health-Related Factors Associated With Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Plans in Older Adults Journal Article Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68 (2), pp. 313-320, 2020. @article{Kumar2020, title = {Social and Health-Related Factors Associated With Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Plans in Older Adults}, author = {Amit Kumar and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Amol M. Karmarkar and Lin-Na Chou and Yong-Fang Kuo and Julie A. Baldwin and Orestis A. Panagiotou and Robert E. Burke and Kenneth J. Ottenbacher}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jgs.16202}, doi = {10.1111/jgs.16202}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-01}, journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, pages = {313-320}, abstract = {Among Mexican American older adults, FFS enrollees were more likely to be born in Mexico, speak Spanish, have lower levels of education, and have more disability than MA enrollees. Older adults with a larger number of limitations of instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR] = .50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .26‐.98) and more social support (OR = .70; 95% CI = .45‐.98) were less likely to switch from FFS to MA compared with older adults with no limitations and less social support. Additionally, older adults living in counties with a greater number of MA plans were more likely to switch from FFS to MA (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.45‐3.16), compared with counties with a lower number of MA plans. In counties with a higher number of MA plans, older adults with more social support had lower odds of switching from FFS to MA (OR = .48; 95% CI = .28‐.82) compared with older adults with less social support.Compared with those enrolled in MA, older Mexican American adults enrolled in Medicare FFS are more socioeconomically disadvantaged and more likely to demonstrate poor health status. Stronger social support and increased physical limitations were strongly associated with less frequent switching from FFS to MA plans. Additionally, increased availability of MA plans at the county level is a significant driver of enrollment in MA plans. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Among Mexican American older adults, FFS enrollees were more likely to be born in Mexico, speak Spanish, have lower levels of education, and have more disability than MA enrollees. Older adults with a larger number of limitations of instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR] = .50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .26‐.98) and more social support (OR = .70; 95% CI = .45‐.98) were less likely to switch from FFS to MA compared with older adults with no limitations and less social support. Additionally, older adults living in counties with a greater number of MA plans were more likely to switch from FFS to MA (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.45‐3.16), compared with counties with a lower number of MA plans. In counties with a higher number of MA plans, older adults with more social support had lower odds of switching from FFS to MA (OR = .48; 95% CI = .28‐.82) compared with older adults with less social support.Compared with those enrolled in MA, older Mexican American adults enrolled in Medicare FFS are more socioeconomically disadvantaged and more likely to demonstrate poor health status. Stronger social support and increased physical limitations were strongly associated with less frequent switching from FFS to MA plans. Additionally, increased availability of MA plans at the county level is a significant driver of enrollment in MA plans. |
Camplain, Ricky; Camplain, Carolyn; II, Robert Trotter T; Pro, George; Sabo, Samantha; Eaves, Emery; Peoples, Marie; Baldwin, Julie A Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018 Journal Article American Journal of Public Health, 110 (S1), pp. 585-592, 2020. @article{Camplain2020, title = {Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and Robert T. Trotter II and George Pro and Samantha Sabo and Emery Eaves and Marie Peoples and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305409}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2019.305409}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-22}, journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, volume = {110}, number = {S1}, pages = {585-592}, abstract = {Among misdemeanor drug- and alcohol-related arrests, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.32, 3.90), Latino (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.73), and Black persons (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55) were more likely than White persons to be booked into jail as opposed to cited and released. AI/AN (AOR = 10.77; 95% CI = 9.40, 12.35), Latino (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 2.12, 3.28), and Black persons (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.84) also were more likely than White persons to be convicted and serve time for their misdemeanor charges. Results were similar for felony drug- and alcohol-related arrests aggregated and stratified. Conclusions. Our results suggest that race/ethnicity is associated with outcomes in drug-related arrests and that overrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system cannot be attributed to greater use of drugs and alcohol in general. More than 60% of criminal justice–involved individuals are racial/ethnic minorities, even though these groups make up just 30% of the US population.1,2 Black, Latino, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are more likely to be incarcerated compared with White persons,1–3 and police interactions among racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to result in arrest, even after accounting for arrest decision-making by police.4 Of more than 10.5 million arrests made across the United States in 2017, 15% were drug-related, and 9% involved driving while intoxicated with alcohol.5 The War on Drugs has been credited with creating policies that significantly contribute to racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in drug arrests,6 further embedding racial/ethnic disparities within the criminal justice system. Racial/ethnic minorities continue to be more likely than White individuals to be incarcerated for nonviolent substance-related offenses7,8 and imprisoned for drug charges.9 With regard to alcohol, racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to experience negative consequences, such as arrest and detainment for drinking, potentially because of perceived racial discrimination and racial/ethnic stigma.10 The Southwest United States, for example, has a long history of overrepresentation of AI/AN persons in the justice system2 specifically for alcohol-related offenses,11 yet AI/AN people in the Southwest have higher alcohol abstention rates than in the general population.12 Importantly, inherent bias toward AI/AN persons by law enforcement has been reported in towns that are in close proximity to tribal nations (i.e., border towns),13 presumably a more common occurrence than on tribal lands or in non–border towns. However, research on criminal justice outcomes among AI/AN individuals is limited. Although it is clear that racial/ethnic minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, it is less clear how outcomes at different points of interactions with the criminal justice system, including entry into the system, prosecution and pretrial services, adjudication, sentencing and sanctions, and corrections,14 differ by race/ethnicity, specifically for drug- and alcohol-related offenses. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes among individuals arrested for drug- or alcohol-related reasons in a rural Southwest US county (the county) from 2009 to 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Among misdemeanor drug- and alcohol-related arrests, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.32, 3.90), Latino (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.73), and Black persons (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55) were more likely than White persons to be booked into jail as opposed to cited and released. AI/AN (AOR = 10.77; 95% CI = 9.40, 12.35), Latino (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 2.12, 3.28), and Black persons (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.84) also were more likely than White persons to be convicted and serve time for their misdemeanor charges. Results were similar for felony drug- and alcohol-related arrests aggregated and stratified. Conclusions. Our results suggest that race/ethnicity is associated with outcomes in drug-related arrests and that overrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system cannot be attributed to greater use of drugs and alcohol in general. More than 60% of criminal justice–involved individuals are racial/ethnic minorities, even though these groups make up just 30% of the US population.1,2 Black, Latino, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are more likely to be incarcerated compared with White persons,1–3 and police interactions among racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to result in arrest, even after accounting for arrest decision-making by police.4 Of more than 10.5 million arrests made across the United States in 2017, 15% were drug-related, and 9% involved driving while intoxicated with alcohol.5 The War on Drugs has been credited with creating policies that significantly contribute to racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in drug arrests,6 further embedding racial/ethnic disparities within the criminal justice system. Racial/ethnic minorities continue to be more likely than White individuals to be incarcerated for nonviolent substance-related offenses7,8 and imprisoned for drug charges.9 With regard to alcohol, racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to experience negative consequences, such as arrest and detainment for drinking, potentially because of perceived racial discrimination and racial/ethnic stigma.10 The Southwest United States, for example, has a long history of overrepresentation of AI/AN persons in the justice system2 specifically for alcohol-related offenses,11 yet AI/AN people in the Southwest have higher alcohol abstention rates than in the general population.12 Importantly, inherent bias toward AI/AN persons by law enforcement has been reported in towns that are in close proximity to tribal nations (i.e., border towns),13 presumably a more common occurrence than on tribal lands or in non–border towns. However, research on criminal justice outcomes among AI/AN individuals is limited. Although it is clear that racial/ethnic minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, it is less clear how outcomes at different points of interactions with the criminal justice system, including entry into the system, prosecution and pretrial services, adjudication, sentencing and sanctions, and corrections,14 differ by race/ethnicity, specifically for drug- and alcohol-related offenses. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes among individuals arrested for drug- or alcohol-related reasons in a rural Southwest US county (the county) from 2009 to 2018. |