NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Park, Daesik; Propper, Catherine R; Wang, Guangning; Salanga, Matthew C Ecotoxicology, 30 , pp. 711–718, 2021. @article{Park2021, title = {Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations}, author = {Daesik Park and Catherine R Propper and Guangning Wang and Matthew C Salanga}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8 }, doi = {10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-03}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {30}, pages = {711–718}, abstract = {Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures. |
Samtani, Grace; Bassford, Tamsen L; Williamson, Heather J; Armin, Julie S Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 59 (2), 2021. @article{Samtani2021, title = {Are Researchers Addressing Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the U.S.? A Scoping Review}, author = {Grace Samtani and Tamsen L. Bassford and Heather J. Williamson and Julie S. Armin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, abstract = {People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD. |
Ahlers, Kaitlyn P; Ayers, Kara B; Iadarola, Suzannah; Hughes, Rosemary B; Lee, Hyon Soo; Williamson, Heather J Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, 1 (2), 2021, ISBN: 2694-1104. @article{Ahlers2021, title = {Adapting Participatory Action Research to Include Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic}, author = {Kaitlyn P. Ahlers and Kara B. Ayers and Suzannah Iadarola and Rosemary B. Hughes and Hyon Soo Lee and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.26077/ec55-409c}, doi = {10.26077/ec55-409c}, isbn = {2694-1104}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Developmental Disabilities Network Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, abstract = {Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context. |
Mousavia, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Khadem, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202 , 2021, ISBN: 105959. @article{Mousavia2021, title = {ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals}, author = {Sajad Mousavia and Fatemeh Afghah and Fatemeh Khadem and U. Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, isbn = {105959}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, volume = {202}, abstract = {A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance. |
Lockhart, Elizabeth; Turner, DeAnne; Martinez-Tyson, Dinorah; Baldwin, Julie A; Marhefka, Stephanie L Opportunities for and Perceptions of Integrating Community Health Workers Via the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid Health Homes Journal Article Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 27 (01), pp. 193-200, 2021. @article{Lockhart2021, title = {Opportunities for and Perceptions of Integrating Community Health Workers Via the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid Health Homes}, author = {Elizabeth Lockhart and DeAnne Turner and Dinorah Martinez-Tyson and Julie A Baldwin and Stephanie L Marhefka}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/Fulltext/2021/03000/Opportunities_for_and_Perceptions_of_Integrating.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000001118}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Journal of Public Health Management and Practice}, volume = {27}, number = {01}, pages = {193-200}, abstract = {The Affordable Care Act created opportunities for innovative, cost-saving measures to improve health care access. Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who have a close understanding of the communities they serve. States that expanded Medicaid coverage could also create Medicaid Health Homes (MHHs)-virtual health care networks-to coordinate care for people with chronic conditions. New York was the second state to implement MHHs and gave the option to include CHWs as part of the health care team.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Affordable Care Act created opportunities for innovative, cost-saving measures to improve health care access. Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who have a close understanding of the communities they serve. States that expanded Medicaid coverage could also create Medicaid Health Homes (MHHs)-virtual health care networks-to coordinate care for people with chronic conditions. New York was the second state to implement MHHs and gave the option to include CHWs as part of the health care team. |
Evans, Linnea; Engelman, Michal; Mikulas, Alex; Malecki, Kristen How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review Journal Article Social Science & Medicine, 273 , 2021, ISBN: 113738. @article{Evans2021, title = {How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review}, author = {Linnea Evans and Michal Engelman and Alex Mikulas and Kristen Malecki}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, isbn = {113738}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {273}, abstract = {Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities. |
Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Hocking, Toby; Afghah, Fatemeh A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection Journal Article Computers in Biology and Medicine, 130 , 2021, ISBN: 104208. @article{Fotoohinasab2021, title = {A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection}, author = {Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Toby Hocking and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, isbn = {104208}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {130}, abstract = {The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Lee-Regalado, Morgan Hustead; Bacon, Rachel; Garcia, Evie Y; Dunn, Dorothy; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Julie A Family & Community Health, 2021. @article{McCarthy2021, title = {Development and Validation of a Community Assessment Survey for Diverse Rural Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Morgan Hustead Lee-Regalado and Rachel Bacon and Y. Evie Garcia and Dorothy Dunn and Heather J. Williamson and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/familyandcommunityhealth/Abstract/9000/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Community.99961.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/FCH.0000000000000297}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-23}, journal = {Family & Community Health}, abstract = {Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers. |
Kahn, Carmella B; Dreifuss, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Tutt, Marissa; McCue, Kelly Adapting Summer Education Programs for Navajo Students: Resilient Teamwork Journal Article Frontiers in Sociology, 2021. @article{Kahn2021, title = {Adapting Summer Education Programs for Navajo Students: Resilient Teamwork}, author = {Carmella B Kahn and Heather Dreifuss and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Marissa Tutt and Kelly McCue }, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.617994}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2021.617994}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-08}, journal = {Frontiers in Sociology}, abstract = {In May 2020, the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health Partnership (Navajo NARCH) was scheduled to launch two summer programs: a 10 weeks-long Summer Research Enhancement Program (SREP) for undergraduate students to learn and practice health research methods and participate in a practicum experience, and a week-long Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP) for high school students that introduces a range of health professions and develops leadership qualities. Students accepted into the programs are predominantly Navajo and live within Navajo Nation (NN) during the summer. Due to NN restrictions and CDC guidelines for physically distancing in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo NARCH team organized to offer both programs entirely online via Zoom™. This paper explores the instructional teams’ adaptation process to maintain a commitment to preserve the programs’ supportive environment for exploring and developing strong multicultural approaches in public health and health research. In preparation for online instruction, the team developed and offered workshops for staff and instructors to address anticipated challenges. The team identified the following challenges: technological difficulties, social disconnectedness, consistent student engagement, and facilitation of a practicum research experience. Results showed that program adaptations were successful as the team applied collaborative and holistic approaches, and established social connections remotely with students to offer meaningful research and practicum experiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In May 2020, the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health Partnership (Navajo NARCH) was scheduled to launch two summer programs: a 10 weeks-long Summer Research Enhancement Program (SREP) for undergraduate students to learn and practice health research methods and participate in a practicum experience, and a week-long Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP) for high school students that introduces a range of health professions and develops leadership qualities. Students accepted into the programs are predominantly Navajo and live within Navajo Nation (NN) during the summer. Due to NN restrictions and CDC guidelines for physically distancing in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo NARCH team organized to offer both programs entirely online via Zoom™. This paper explores the instructional teams’ adaptation process to maintain a commitment to preserve the programs’ supportive environment for exploring and developing strong multicultural approaches in public health and health research. In preparation for online instruction, the team developed and offered workshops for staff and instructors to address anticipated challenges. The team identified the following challenges: technological difficulties, social disconnectedness, consistent student engagement, and facilitation of a practicum research experience. Results showed that program adaptations were successful as the team applied collaborative and holistic approaches, and established social connections remotely with students to offer meaningful research and practicum experiences. |
Yagüe, David Panisello; Mihaljevic, Joseph; Mbegbu, M; Wood, C V; Hepp, Crystal; Kyman, S; Hornstra, H; Trotter, Robert; Cope, Emily; Pearson, Talima Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures Journal Article Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2021. @article{Yagüe2021, title = {Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures}, author = {David Panisello Yagüe and Joseph Mihaljevic and M. Mbegbu and C.V. Wood and Crystal Hepp and S. Kyman and H. Hornstra and Robert Trotter and Emily Cope and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15023}, doi = {10.1111/jam.15023}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-05}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Stout, Nicole L; Maitin-Shepard, Melissa; Campbell, Anna; Schwartz, Anna L; Grimmett, Chloe; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A; Sokolof, Jonas M Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice Journal Article Cancer, 127 (3), pp. 476-484, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/cncr.33245. @article{Schmitz2021, title = {Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Nicole L Stout and Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Anna Campbell and Anna L Schwartz and Chloe Grimmett and Jeffrey A Meyerhardt and Jonas M Sokolof}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33245}, isbn = {10.1002/cncr.33245}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Cancer}, volume = {127}, number = {3}, pages = {476-484}, abstract = {International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029. |
Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky L; Camplain, Carolyn; Pro, George; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L; Hubach, Randolph D Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (2), pp. 213-221, 2021. @article{Giano2021, title = {Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations}, author = {Zachary Giano and Ricky L Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and George Pro and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler and Randolph D Hubach}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {213-221}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltan, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltan}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltani, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021b, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltani}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Ladner, Jason T; Henson, Sierra N; Boyle, Annalee S; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Fink, Zane W; Rahee, Fatima; D'ambrozio, Jonathan; Schaecher, Kurt E; Stone, Mars; Dong, Wenjuan; Dadwal, Sanjeet; Yu, Jianhua; Caligiuri, Michael A; Cieplak, Piotr; Bjørås, Magnar; Fenstad, Mona H; Nordbø, Svein A; Kainov, Denis E; Muranaka, Norihito; Chee, Mark S; Shiryaev, Sergey A; Altin, John A Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses Journal Article Cell Reports Medicine, 2 (1), 2021. @article{Ladner2021, title = {Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses}, author = {Jason T Ladner and Sierra N Henson and Annalee S Boyle and Anna L Engelbrektson and Zane W Fink and Fatima Rahee and Jonathan D'ambrozio and Kurt E Schaecher and Mars Stone and Wenjuan Dong and Sanjeet Dadwal and Jianhua Yu and Michael A Caligiuri and Piotr Cieplak and Magnar Bjørås and Mona H Fenstad and Svein A Nordbø and Denis E Kainov and Norihito Muranaka and Mark S Chee and Sergey A Shiryaev and John A Altin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-19}, journal = {Cell Reports Medicine}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses. |
Magdaleno, Carina; House, Trenton; Pawar, Jogendra S; Carvalho, Sophia; Rajasekaran, Narendiran; Varadaraj, Archana Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini Journal Article Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2021. @article{Magdaleno2021, title = {Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini}, author = {Carina Magdaleno and Trenton House and Jogendra S. Pawar and Sophia Carvalho and Narendiran Rajasekaran and Archana Varadaraj}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29885}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.29885}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-13}, journal = {Journal of Cellular Biochemistry}, abstract = {Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic. |
Miller, Erin; Barragan, Veronica; Chiriboga, Jorge; Weddell, Chad; Luna, Ligia; Jiménez, Dulce J; Aleman, John; Mihaljevic, Joseph R; Olivas, Sonora; Marks, Jane; Izurieta, Ricardo; Nieto, Nathan; Keim, Paul; Trueba, Gabriel; Caporaso, Gregory J; Pearson, Talima Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (1), 2021. @article{Miller2021b, title = {Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador}, author = {Erin Miller and Veronica Barragan and Jorge Chiriboga and Chad Weddell and Ligia Luna and Dulce J Jiménez and John Aleman and Joseph R Mihaljevic and Sonora Olivas and Jane Marks and Ricardo Izurieta and Nathan Nieto and Paul Keim and Gabriel Trueba and J Gregory Caporaso and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, abstract = {Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Lane, Taylor S; Schwartz, Anna L; Wayment, Heidi A; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2), pp. 1-35, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021, title = {Mentoring new and early-stage investigators and underrepresented minority faculty for research success in health-related fields: An integrative literature review (2010-2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Taylor S. Lane and Anna L. Schwartz and Heidi A. Wayment and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020432}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18020432}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {1-35}, abstract = {Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented. |
Salinas-Miranda, Abraham; King, Lindsey; Salihu, Hamisu; Wilson, Roneé; Collins, Susan Nash Sarah; Berry, Estrellita; Austin, Deborah; Scarborough, Kenneth; Best, Evangeline; Cox, Lillian; King, Georgette; Burpee, Conchita; Briscoe, Richard; Baldwin, Julie Protective Factors Using the Life Course Perspective in Maternal and Child Health: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach Journal Article Engage!, 1 (3), pp. 102–113, 2020. @article{Salinas-Miranda2020, title = {Protective Factors Using the Life Course Perspective in Maternal and Child Health: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach}, author = {Abraham Salinas-Miranda and Lindsey King and Hamisu Salihu and Roneé Wilson and Susan Nash Sarah Collins and Estrellita Berry and Deborah Austin and Kenneth Scarborough and Evangeline Best and Lillian Cox and Georgette King and Conchita Burpee and Richard Briscoe and Julie Baldwin}, url = {http://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/ENGAGE/article/view/24205}, doi = {10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3536}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-18}, journal = {Engage!}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {102–113}, abstract = {The life course perspective, a valuable theoretical framework for investigating racial disparities in birth outcomes, examines the cumulative exposure of risk and protective factors throughout the life span. Although risk and protective exposures are equally vital to health, most studies have focused solely on the risk factor exposures faced by vulnerable populations. In clear contrast to the traditional public health approach which emphasizes a deficit model, strengths-based approaches can elucidate pathways on protective factors that foster resilience. Such positive perspectives represent a paradigm shift that views communities as valuable assets that have the capacity to fully engage themselves and their residents to achieve optimal health. Participatory action research methods are well-suited to apply a strengths-based approach to understand health disparities. Our study aimed to explore maternal and child health protective factors, from community residents’ perspective. We conducted 10 community-based participatory focus groups with community residents Tampa, Florida guided by the life course perspective. A total of 78 residents participated in ten focus groups. Perceived protective factors during pregnancy included self-esteem, spirituality, pregnancy support, good nutrition, prenatal care, and community resources. Protective factors for non-pregnant women were self-esteem, spirituality, social support, health literacy, community support and community resources, and societal factors. For children and adolescents, relevant protective factors were self-esteem, positive role models, nutrition and physical activity, and community support. The identified factors are community assets or strengths that mitigate or eliminate maternal and child health risks in families and communities residing in low-income neighborhoods, which must be considered in developing effective maternal and child health interventions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The life course perspective, a valuable theoretical framework for investigating racial disparities in birth outcomes, examines the cumulative exposure of risk and protective factors throughout the life span. Although risk and protective exposures are equally vital to health, most studies have focused solely on the risk factor exposures faced by vulnerable populations. In clear contrast to the traditional public health approach which emphasizes a deficit model, strengths-based approaches can elucidate pathways on protective factors that foster resilience. Such positive perspectives represent a paradigm shift that views communities as valuable assets that have the capacity to fully engage themselves and their residents to achieve optimal health. Participatory action research methods are well-suited to apply a strengths-based approach to understand health disparities. Our study aimed to explore maternal and child health protective factors, from community residents’ perspective. We conducted 10 community-based participatory focus groups with community residents Tampa, Florida guided by the life course perspective. A total of 78 residents participated in ten focus groups. Perceived protective factors during pregnancy included self-esteem, spirituality, pregnancy support, good nutrition, prenatal care, and community resources. Protective factors for non-pregnant women were self-esteem, spirituality, social support, health literacy, community support and community resources, and societal factors. For children and adolescents, relevant protective factors were self-esteem, positive role models, nutrition and physical activity, and community support. The identified factors are community assets or strengths that mitigate or eliminate maternal and child health risks in families and communities residing in low-income neighborhoods, which must be considered in developing effective maternal and child health interventions. |
Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol; Kumar, Amit; Warren, Meghan; Pohl, Patricia; Shaibi, Stefany; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Rudolph, James Racial Differences in Post-Acute Transition After Hip Fracture in Medicare Patients With ADRD Journal Article Innovation in Aging, 4 (1), pp. 666–667, 2020. @article{Roy2020, title = {Racial Differences in Post-Acute Transition After Hip Fracture in Medicare Patients With ADRD }, author = {Indrakshi Roy and Amol Karmarkar and Amit Kumar and Meghan Warren and Patricia Pohl and Stefany Shaibi and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and James Rudolph}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2307}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2307}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-16}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {666–667}, abstract = {The incidence of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. However, there are no standardized post-acute transition models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute transitions vary by race/ethnicity. Using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017) for 120,179 older adults with ADRD, we conduct multinomial logistic regression, to examine the association between race and post-acute discharge locations (proportion discharged to skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home with Home Health Care [HHC]), after accounting for patient characteristics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics have a significantly lower odds ratio for discharge to HHC 0.62 (95%CI=0.53-0.73), IRF 0.44 (CI=0.39-0.51), and SNF 0.26 (CI=0.23-0.30). Improving care in patients with ADRD and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care and health outcomes will be discussed. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The incidence of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. However, there are no standardized post-acute transition models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute transitions vary by race/ethnicity. Using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017) for 120,179 older adults with ADRD, we conduct multinomial logistic regression, to examine the association between race and post-acute discharge locations (proportion discharged to skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home with Home Health Care [HHC]), after accounting for patient characteristics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics have a significantly lower odds ratio for discharge to HHC 0.62 (95%CI=0.53-0.73), IRF 0.44 (CI=0.39-0.51), and SNF 0.26 (CI=0.23-0.30). Improving care in patients with ADRD and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care and health outcomes will be discussed. |
2015 |
Sabo, Samantha; Lee, Alison Elizabeth Frontiers in Public Health, 3 (155), 2015. @article{Sabo2015b, title = {The Spillover of US Immigration Policy on Citizens and Permanent Residents of Mexican Descent: How Internalizing "Illegality" Impacts Public Health in the Borderlands}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Alison Elizabeth Lee}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125018}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2015.00155}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-11}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {3}, number = {155}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The militarization of the US-Mexico border region exacerbates the process of "Othering" Latino immigrants - as "illegal aliens." The internalization of "illegality" can manifest as a sense of "undeservingness" of legal protection in the population and be detrimental on a biopsychological level. OBJECTIVE: We explore the impacts of "illegality" among a population of US citizen and permanent resident farmworkers of Mexican descent. We do so through the lens of immigration enforcement-related stress and the ability to file formal complaints of discrimination and mistreatment perpetrated by local immigration enforcement agents, including local police authorized to enforce immigration law. METHODS: Drawing from cross-sectional data gathered through the National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health, "Challenges to Farmworker Health at the US-Mexico Border" study, a community-based participatory research project conducted at the Arizona-Sonora border, we compared Arizona resident farmworkers (N = 349) to Mexico-based farmworkers (N = 140) or Transnational farmworkers who cross the US-Mexico border daily or weekly to work in US agriculture. RESULTS: Both samples of farmworkers experience significant levels of stress in anticipation of encounters with immigration officials. Fear was cited as the greatest factor preventing individuals from reporting immigration abuses. The groups varied slightly in the relative weight attributed to different types of fear. CONCLUSION: The militarization of the border has consequences for individuals who are not the target of immigration enforcement. These spillover effects cause harm to farmworkers in multiple ways. Multi-institutional and community-centered systems for reporting immigration-related victimization is required. Applied participatory research with affected communities can mitigate the public health effects of state-sponsored immigration discrimination and violence among US citizen and permanent residents.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The militarization of the US-Mexico border region exacerbates the process of "Othering" Latino immigrants - as "illegal aliens." The internalization of "illegality" can manifest as a sense of "undeservingness" of legal protection in the population and be detrimental on a biopsychological level. OBJECTIVE: We explore the impacts of "illegality" among a population of US citizen and permanent resident farmworkers of Mexican descent. We do so through the lens of immigration enforcement-related stress and the ability to file formal complaints of discrimination and mistreatment perpetrated by local immigration enforcement agents, including local police authorized to enforce immigration law. METHODS: Drawing from cross-sectional data gathered through the National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health, "Challenges to Farmworker Health at the US-Mexico Border" study, a community-based participatory research project conducted at the Arizona-Sonora border, we compared Arizona resident farmworkers (N = 349) to Mexico-based farmworkers (N = 140) or Transnational farmworkers who cross the US-Mexico border daily or weekly to work in US agriculture. RESULTS: Both samples of farmworkers experience significant levels of stress in anticipation of encounters with immigration officials. Fear was cited as the greatest factor preventing individuals from reporting immigration abuses. The groups varied slightly in the relative weight attributed to different types of fear. CONCLUSION: The militarization of the border has consequences for individuals who are not the target of immigration enforcement. These spillover effects cause harm to farmworkers in multiple ways. Multi-institutional and community-centered systems for reporting immigration-related victimization is required. Applied participatory research with affected communities can mitigate the public health effects of state-sponsored immigration discrimination and violence among US citizen and permanent residents. |
Eaves, Emery R; Nichter, Mark; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Sutherland, Elizabeth; Dworkin, Samuel F Works of Illness and the Challenges of Social Risk and the Specter of Pain in the Lived Experience of TMD Journal Article Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 29 (2), pp. 157-177, 2015. @article{Eaves2015b, title = {Works of Illness and the Challenges of Social Risk and the Specter of Pain in the Lived Experience of TMD}, author = {Emery R Eaves and Mark Nichter and Cheryl Ritenbaugh and Elizabeth Sutherland and Samuel F Dworkin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25331799}, doi = {10.1111/maq.12146}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-06-01}, journal = {Medical Anthropology Quarterly}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, pages = {157-177}, abstract = {Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) represent a particular form of chronic pain that, while not outwardly debilitating, profoundly impacts interactions as fundamental to human existence as smiling, laughing, speaking, eating, and intimacy. Our analysis, informed by an expanded "works of illness" assessment, draws attention to work surrounding social and physical risk. We refer to these as the work of stoicism and the work of vigilance and identify double binds created in contexts that call for both. Conflicting authorial stances in informants' narratives are shown to be essential in maintaining a positive identity in the face of illness. While earlier ethnographic studies report TMD sufferers' experience of stigma and search for diagnosis and legitimacy, we present a group of individuals who have accepted diagnosis at face value and soldier through pain as a fundamental aspect of their identity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) represent a particular form of chronic pain that, while not outwardly debilitating, profoundly impacts interactions as fundamental to human existence as smiling, laughing, speaking, eating, and intimacy. Our analysis, informed by an expanded "works of illness" assessment, draws attention to work surrounding social and physical risk. We refer to these as the work of stoicism and the work of vigilance and identify double binds created in contexts that call for both. Conflicting authorial stances in informants' narratives are shown to be essential in maintaining a positive identity in the face of illness. While earlier ethnographic studies report TMD sufferers' experience of stigma and search for diagnosis and legitimacy, we present a group of individuals who have accepted diagnosis at face value and soldier through pain as a fundamental aspect of their identity. |
Klaus, Kimberly; Baldwin, Julie A; Izurieta, Ricardo; Naik, Eknath; Seme, Assefa; Corvin, Jaime; Sinke, Abiy Hiruye; Enquselassie, Fikre REDUCING PMTCT ATTRITION: PERSPECTIVES OF HIV+ WOMEN ON THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD HIV SERVICES IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Journal Article Ethiopian Medical Journal, 53 (2), pp. 91-104, 2015. @article{Klaus2015, title = {REDUCING PMTCT ATTRITION: PERSPECTIVES OF HIV+ WOMEN ON THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD HIV SERVICES IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA}, author = {Kimberly Klaus and Julie A Baldwin and Ricardo Izurieta and Eknath Naik and Assefa Seme and Jaime Corvin and Abiy Hiruye Sinke and Fikre Enquselassie}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26591297}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-04-01}, journal = {Ethiopian Medical Journal}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, pages = {91-104}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Only 41% of eligible Ethiopian women completed (PMTCT) therapy in 2012, with MTCT rate of 20%. OBJECTIVE: This study elicited the perspectives of HIV positive mothers on the situation and the unique beliefs, attitudes, cultural norms and individuals who have influence over them during their pregnancy. METHODS: The mixed-methods parent study included community level surveys, focus groups and in-depth individual interviews of HIV positive women with a child at least one year of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: only focus group and interview data are presented here. All tools were completed in Amharic with English translation. RESULTS: 23 women completed in-depth interviews; 27 participated within 4 focus groups. The greatest barriers to PMTCT completion were: feelings of hopelessness and carelessness, lack of understanding of the efficacy of ARV, and negative religious influences. The advice to improve PMTCT adherence most frequently offered included increasing PLWHIV peer support and improving and extending current HIV educational efforts. Participants recommended that PLWHIV mothers be utilized in all PMTCT planning and interventions in the future. CONCLUSION: Maintaining the motivation to adhere to the entire PMTCT cascade requires that a PLWHIV mother understands the validity of the steps she is taking and receives support for the many challenges she faces. Engaging PLWHIV peers as active members of the health care workforce and expanding their use as educators and counselors is important. Health officials can consider these findings to develop innovative and effective PMTCT interventions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Only 41% of eligible Ethiopian women completed (PMTCT) therapy in 2012, with MTCT rate of 20%. OBJECTIVE: This study elicited the perspectives of HIV positive mothers on the situation and the unique beliefs, attitudes, cultural norms and individuals who have influence over them during their pregnancy. METHODS: The mixed-methods parent study included community level surveys, focus groups and in-depth individual interviews of HIV positive women with a child at least one year of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: only focus group and interview data are presented here. All tools were completed in Amharic with English translation. RESULTS: 23 women completed in-depth interviews; 27 participated within 4 focus groups. The greatest barriers to PMTCT completion were: feelings of hopelessness and carelessness, lack of understanding of the efficacy of ARV, and negative religious influences. The advice to improve PMTCT adherence most frequently offered included increasing PLWHIV peer support and improving and extending current HIV educational efforts. Participants recommended that PLWHIV mothers be utilized in all PMTCT planning and interventions in the future. CONCLUSION: Maintaining the motivation to adhere to the entire PMTCT cascade requires that a PLWHIV mother understands the validity of the steps she is taking and receives support for the many challenges she faces. Engaging PLWHIV peers as active members of the health care workforce and expanding their use as educators and counselors is important. Health officials can consider these findings to develop innovative and effective PMTCT interventions. |
Ingram, Maia; Sabo, Samantha; Gomez, Sofia; Piper, Rosalinda; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Reinschmidt, Kerstin M; Schachter, Ken A; Carvajal, Scott C Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 9 (1), pp. 49-56, 2015. @article{Ingram2015, title = {Taking a community-based participatory research approach in the development of methods to measure a community health worker community advocacy intervention}, author = {Maia Ingram and Samantha Sabo and Sofia Gomez and Rosalinda Piper and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Kerstin M Reinschmidt and Ken A Schachter and Scott C Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25981424}, doi = {10.1353/cpr.2015.0001}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-04-01}, journal = {Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {49-56}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Public health advocacy is by necessity responsive to shifting sociopolitical climates, and thus a challenge of advocacy research is that the intervention must by definition be adaptive. Moving beyond the classification of advocacy efforts to measurable indicators and outcomes of policy, therefore, requires a dynamic research approach. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this article are to (1) describe use of the CBPR approach in the development and measurement of a community health worker (CHW) intervention designed to engage community members in public health advocacy and (2) provide a model for application of this approach in advocacy interventions addressing community-level systems and environmental change. METHODS: The Kingdon three streams model of policy change provided a theoretical framework for the intervention. Research and community partners collaboratively identified and documented intervention data. We describe five research methods used to monitor and measure CHW advocacy activities that both emerged from and influenced intervention activities. DISCUSSION: Encounter forms provided a longitudinal perspective of how CHWs engaged in advocacy activities in the three streams. Strategy maps defined desired advocacy outcomes and health benefits. Technical assistance notes identified and documented intermediate outcomes. Focus group and interview data reflected CHW efforts to engage community members in advocacy and the development of community leaders. APPLICATION OF LESSONS LEARNED: We provide a model for application of key principles of CPBR that are vital to effectively capturing the overarching and nuanced aspects of public health advocacy work in dynamic political and organizational environments.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Public health advocacy is by necessity responsive to shifting sociopolitical climates, and thus a challenge of advocacy research is that the intervention must by definition be adaptive. Moving beyond the classification of advocacy efforts to measurable indicators and outcomes of policy, therefore, requires a dynamic research approach. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this article are to (1) describe use of the CBPR approach in the development and measurement of a community health worker (CHW) intervention designed to engage community members in public health advocacy and (2) provide a model for application of this approach in advocacy interventions addressing community-level systems and environmental change. METHODS: The Kingdon three streams model of policy change provided a theoretical framework for the intervention. Research and community partners collaboratively identified and documented intervention data. We describe five research methods used to monitor and measure CHW advocacy activities that both emerged from and influenced intervention activities. DISCUSSION: Encounter forms provided a longitudinal perspective of how CHWs engaged in advocacy activities in the three streams. Strategy maps defined desired advocacy outcomes and health benefits. Technical assistance notes identified and documented intermediate outcomes. Focus group and interview data reflected CHW efforts to engage community members in advocacy and the development of community leaders. APPLICATION OF LESSONS LEARNED: We provide a model for application of key principles of CPBR that are vital to effectively capturing the overarching and nuanced aspects of public health advocacy work in dynamic political and organizational environments. |
Sabo, Samantha; de Zapien, Jill; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Rosales, Cecilia; Bergsma, Lynda; Taren, Douglas Service learning: a vehicle for building health equity and eliminating health disparities Journal Article American Journal of Public health, 105 (S1), pp. S38-S43, 2015. @article{Sabo2015c, title = {Service learning: a vehicle for building health equity and eliminating health disparities}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Jill de Zapien and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Cecilia Rosales and Lynda Bergsma and Douglas Taren}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706014}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2014.302364}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-03-01}, journal = {American Journal of Public health}, volume = {105}, number = {S1}, pages = {S38-S43}, abstract = {Service learning (SL) is a form of community-centered experiential education that places emerging health professionals in community-generated service projects and provides structured opportunities for reflection on the broader social, economic, and political contexts of health. We describe the elements and impact of five distinct week-long intensive SL courses focused on the context of urban, rural, border, and indigenous health contexts. Students involved in these SL courses demonstrated a commitment to community-engaged scholarship and practice in both their student and professional lives. SL is directly in line with the core public health value of social justice and serves as a venue to strengthen community-campus partnerships in addressing health disparities through sustained collaboration and action in vulnerable communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Service learning (SL) is a form of community-centered experiential education that places emerging health professionals in community-generated service projects and provides structured opportunities for reflection on the broader social, economic, and political contexts of health. We describe the elements and impact of five distinct week-long intensive SL courses focused on the context of urban, rural, border, and indigenous health contexts. Students involved in these SL courses demonstrated a commitment to community-engaged scholarship and practice in both their student and professional lives. SL is directly in line with the core public health value of social justice and serves as a venue to strengthen community-campus partnerships in addressing health disparities through sustained collaboration and action in vulnerable communities. |
Trotter, Robert; Laurila, Kelly; Alberts, David; Huenneke, Laura F Evaluation and Program Planning, 48 (1), pp. 10-20, 2015. @article{Trotter2015, title = {A diagnostic evaluation model for complex research partnerships with community engagement: The partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) model}, author = {Robert Trotter and Kelly Laurila and David Alberts and Laura F Huenneke}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718914000974}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-02-28}, journal = {Evaluation and Program Planning}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {10-20}, abstract = {Complex community oriented health care prevention and intervention partnerships fail or only partially succeed at alarming rates. In light of the current rapid expansion of critically needed programs targeted at health disparities in minority populations, we have designed and are testing an “logic model plus” evaluation model that combines classic logic model and query based evaluation designs (CDC, NIH, Kellogg Foundation) with advances in community engaged designs derived from industry–university partnership models. These approaches support the application of a “near real time” feedback system (diagnosis and intervention) based on organizational theory, social network theory, and logic model metrics directed at partnership dynamics, combined with logic model metrics.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Complex community oriented health care prevention and intervention partnerships fail or only partially succeed at alarming rates. In light of the current rapid expansion of critically needed programs targeted at health disparities in minority populations, we have designed and are testing an “logic model plus” evaluation model that combines classic logic model and query based evaluation designs (CDC, NIH, Kellogg Foundation) with advances in community engaged designs derived from industry–university partnership models. These approaches support the application of a “near real time” feedback system (diagnosis and intervention) based on organizational theory, social network theory, and logic model metrics directed at partnership dynamics, combined with logic model metrics. |
Eaves, Emery R; Sherman, Karen J; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Hsu, Clarissa; Nichter, Mark; Turner, Judith A; Cherkin, Daniel C A qualitative study of changes in expectations over time among patients with chronic low back pain seeking four CAM therapies Journal Article BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15 (1), pp. 12, 2015. @article{Eaves2015c, title = {A qualitative study of changes in expectations over time among patients with chronic low back pain seeking four CAM therapies}, author = {Emery R Eaves and Karen J Sherman and Cheryl Ritenbaugh and Clarissa Hsu and Mark Nichter and Judith A Turner and Daniel C Cherkin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25652396}, doi = {10.1186/s12906-015-0531-9}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-02-05}, journal = {BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {12}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between patient expectations about a treatment and the treatment outcomes, particularly for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies, is not well understood. Using qualitative data from a larger study to develop a valid expectancy questionnaire for use with participants starting new CAM therapies, we examined how participants' expectations of treatment changed over the course of a therapy. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 64 participants initiating one of four CAM therapies (yoga, chiropractic, acupuncture, massage) for chronic low back pain. Participants just starting treatment were interviewed up to three times over a period of 3 months. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a qualitative mixed methods approach incorporating immersion/crystallization and matrix analysis for a decontexualization and recontextualization approach to understand changes in thematic emphasis over time. RESULTS: Pre-treatment expectations consisted of conjecture about whether or not the CAM therapy could relieve pain and improve participation in meaningful activities. Expectations tended to shift over the course of treatment to be more inclusive of broader lifestyle factors, the need for long-term pain management strategies and attention to long-term quality of life and wellness. Although a shift toward greater acceptance of chronic pain and the need for strategies to keep pain from flaring was observed across participants regardless of therapy, participants varied in their assessments of whether increased awareness of the need for ongoing self-care and maintenance strategies was considered a "positive outcome". Regardless of how participants evaluated the outcome of treatment, participants from all four therapies reported increased awareness, acceptance of the chronic nature of pain, and attention to the need to take responsibility for their own health. CONCLUSIONS: The shift in treatment expectations to greater acceptance of pain and the need for continued self-care suggests that future research should explore how CAM practitioners can capitalize on these shifts to encourage feelings of empowerment rather than disappointment surrounding realizations of the need for continued engagement with self-care.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The relationship between patient expectations about a treatment and the treatment outcomes, particularly for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies, is not well understood. Using qualitative data from a larger study to develop a valid expectancy questionnaire for use with participants starting new CAM therapies, we examined how participants' expectations of treatment changed over the course of a therapy. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 64 participants initiating one of four CAM therapies (yoga, chiropractic, acupuncture, massage) for chronic low back pain. Participants just starting treatment were interviewed up to three times over a period of 3 months. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a qualitative mixed methods approach incorporating immersion/crystallization and matrix analysis for a decontexualization and recontextualization approach to understand changes in thematic emphasis over time. RESULTS: Pre-treatment expectations consisted of conjecture about whether or not the CAM therapy could relieve pain and improve participation in meaningful activities. Expectations tended to shift over the course of treatment to be more inclusive of broader lifestyle factors, the need for long-term pain management strategies and attention to long-term quality of life and wellness. Although a shift toward greater acceptance of chronic pain and the need for strategies to keep pain from flaring was observed across participants regardless of therapy, participants varied in their assessments of whether increased awareness of the need for ongoing self-care and maintenance strategies was considered a "positive outcome". Regardless of how participants evaluated the outcome of treatment, participants from all four therapies reported increased awareness, acceptance of the chronic nature of pain, and attention to the need to take responsibility for their own health. CONCLUSIONS: The shift in treatment expectations to greater acceptance of pain and the need for continued self-care suggests that future research should explore how CAM practitioners can capitalize on these shifts to encourage feelings of empowerment rather than disappointment surrounding realizations of the need for continued engagement with self-care. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Jiang, Luohua; Beals, Janette; Henderson, William G; Zhang, Lijing; Acton, Kelly J; Roubideaux, Yvette; Manson, Spero M Ethnicity and Health, 20 (4), pp. 327-340, 2015. @article{Teufel-Shone2015b, title = {Demographic characteristics and food choices of participants in the Special Diabetes Program for American Indians Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project}, author = {Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Luohua Jiang and Janette Beals and William G Henderson and Lijing Zhang and Kelly J Acton and Yvette Roubideaux and Spero M Manson}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954106}, doi = {10.1080/13557858.2014.921890}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Ethnicity and Health}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {327-340}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) suffer a disproportionate burden of diabetes. Identifying food choices of AI/ANs at risk of type 2 diabetes, living in both rural and urban settings, is critical to the development of culturally relevant, evidence-based education strategies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. DESIGN: At baseline, 3135 AI/AN adults participating in the Special Diabetes Program for American Indians Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project (SDPI-DP) completed a socio-demographic survey and a 27-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The primary dietary behavior goal of SDPI-DP education sessions and lifestyle coaching is changes in food choices, i.e., increased fruits, vegetables and whole grains, decreased high sugar beverages, red meat, and processed foods. Subsequently, program assessment focuses on changes in food types. Foods were delineated using a 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' classification as defined by the educators advising participants. Urban and rural differences were examined using χ(2) tests and two sample t-tests. Multiple linear regressions and linear mixed models were used to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and food choice. RESULTS: Retired participants, those living in urban areas and with high income and education selected healthy foods most frequently. Young males, those with low income and education consumed unhealthy foods most frequently. Selection of unhealthy foods did not differ by urban and rural setting. CONCLUSIONS: The ubiquitous nature of unhealthy food choices makes them hard to avoid. Food choice differences by gender, age, income, and setting suggest that nutrition education should more effectively target and meets the needs of young AI/AN males.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } OBJECTIVE: American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) suffer a disproportionate burden of diabetes. Identifying food choices of AI/ANs at risk of type 2 diabetes, living in both rural and urban settings, is critical to the development of culturally relevant, evidence-based education strategies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. DESIGN: At baseline, 3135 AI/AN adults participating in the Special Diabetes Program for American Indians Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project (SDPI-DP) completed a socio-demographic survey and a 27-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The primary dietary behavior goal of SDPI-DP education sessions and lifestyle coaching is changes in food choices, i.e., increased fruits, vegetables and whole grains, decreased high sugar beverages, red meat, and processed foods. Subsequently, program assessment focuses on changes in food types. Foods were delineated using a 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' classification as defined by the educators advising participants. Urban and rural differences were examined using χ(2) tests and two sample t-tests. Multiple linear regressions and linear mixed models were used to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and food choice. RESULTS: Retired participants, those living in urban areas and with high income and education selected healthy foods most frequently. Young males, those with low income and education consumed unhealthy foods most frequently. Selection of unhealthy foods did not differ by urban and rural setting. CONCLUSIONS: The ubiquitous nature of unhealthy food choices makes them hard to avoid. Food choice differences by gender, age, income, and setting suggest that nutrition education should more effectively target and meets the needs of young AI/AN males. |
2014 |
Cragun, Deborah; DeBate, Rita D; Vadaparampil, Susan T; Baldwin, Julie A; Hampel, Heather; Pal, Tuya Genetics in Medicine, 16 (10), pp. 773-782, 2014. @article{Cragun2014, title = {Comparing universal Lynch syndrome tumor-screening programs to evaluate associations between implementation strategies and patient follow-through}, author = {Deborah Cragun and Rita D DeBate and Susan T Vadaparampil and Julie A Baldwin and Heather Hampel and Tuya Pal}, url = {https://www.nature.com/gim/journal/v16/n10/full/gim201431a.html}, doi = {10.1038/gim.2014.31}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-10-01}, journal = {Genetics in Medicine}, volume = {16}, number = {10}, pages = {773-782}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Universal tumor screening (UTS) for all colorectal cancer patients can improve the identification of Lynch syndrome, the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer. This multiple-case study explored how variability in UTS procedures influenced patient follow-through (PF) with germ-line testing after a screen-positive result. METHODS: Data were obtained through Web-based surveys and telephone interviews with institutional informants. Institutions were categorized as Low-PF (≤10% underwent germ-line testing), Medium-PF (11-40%), or High-PF (>40%). To identify implementation procedures (i.e., conditions) unique to High-PF institutions, qualitative comparative analysis was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-one informants from 15 institutions completed surveys and/or interviews. Conditions present among all five High-PF institutions included the following: (i) disclosure of screen-positive results to patients by genetic counselors; and (ii) genetic counselors either facilitate physician referrals to genetics professionals or eliminate the need for referrals. Although both of these High-PF conditions were present among two Medium-PF institutions, automatic reflex testing was lacking and difficulty contacting screen-positive patients was a barrier. The three remaining Medium-PF and five Low-PF institutions lacked the conditions found in High-PF institutions. CONCLUSION: METHODS for streamlining UTS procedures, incorporating a high level of involvement of genetic counselors in tracking and communication of results and in reducing barriers to patient contact, are reviewed within a broader discussion on maximizing the effectiveness and public health impact of UTS.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PURPOSE: Universal tumor screening (UTS) for all colorectal cancer patients can improve the identification of Lynch syndrome, the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer. This multiple-case study explored how variability in UTS procedures influenced patient follow-through (PF) with germ-line testing after a screen-positive result. METHODS: Data were obtained through Web-based surveys and telephone interviews with institutional informants. Institutions were categorized as Low-PF (≤10% underwent germ-line testing), Medium-PF (11-40%), or High-PF (>40%). To identify implementation procedures (i.e., conditions) unique to High-PF institutions, qualitative comparative analysis was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-one informants from 15 institutions completed surveys and/or interviews. Conditions present among all five High-PF institutions included the following: (i) disclosure of screen-positive results to patients by genetic counselors; and (ii) genetic counselors either facilitate physician referrals to genetics professionals or eliminate the need for referrals. Although both of these High-PF conditions were present among two Medium-PF institutions, automatic reflex testing was lacking and difficulty contacting screen-positive patients was a barrier. The three remaining Medium-PF and five Low-PF institutions lacked the conditions found in High-PF institutions. CONCLUSION: METHODS for streamlining UTS procedures, incorporating a high level of involvement of genetic counselors in tracking and communication of results and in reducing barriers to patient contact, are reviewed within a broader discussion on maximizing the effectiveness and public health impact of UTS. |
August, Euna M; Daley, Ellen; Kromrey, Jeffrey; Baldwin, Julie A; Romero-Daza, Nancy; Salmeron, Jorge; Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo; Villa, Luisa L; Bryant, Carol A; Giuliano, Anna R Age-related variation in sexual behaviours among heterosexual men residing in Brazil, Mexico and the USA Journal Article Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 40 (4), pp. 261-269, 2014. @article{August2014, title = {Age-related variation in sexual behaviours among heterosexual men residing in Brazil, Mexico and the USA}, author = {Euna M August and Ellen Daley and Jeffrey Kromrey and Julie A Baldwin and Nancy Romero-Daza and Jorge Salmeron and Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce and Luisa L Villa and Carol A Bryant and Anna R Giuliano}, url = {http://jfprhc.bmj.com/content/40/4/261}, doi = {10.1136/jfprhc-2012-100564}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-10-01}, journal = {Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, pages = {261-269}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours across age groups and to estimate their significance in predicting sexual risk factors by age cohort. METHODS: This cohort study examined sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among heterosexual men in Brazil, Mexico and the USA (N=3047). Participants completed a sexual risk factor questionnaire and were tested for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and genital herpes. We examined sexual risk in the study population through a composite measure of STI positivity by age cohort (young: 18-30 years; middle-aged: 31-44 years; older: 45-70 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to generate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We found that STI positivity varied significantly by age group among heterosexual men by a number of covariates. In younger men, having more advanced education had a protective effect (16 years: AOR=0.37, 95% CI 0.15- 0.92), whereas higher numbers of sexual partners elevated the risk for STIs (20-49 partners: AOR=2.06, 95% CI 1.04-4.06; ≥ 50 partners: AOR=4.33, 95% CI 1.74-10.76). Middle-aged men who were black (AOR=1.64, 95% CI 1.10-2.42) and divorced/separated/widowed (AOR=1.91, 95% CI 1.21-3.02) had an increased risk for a positive STI test. Among older men, a younger age at first vaginal sexual encounter (AOR=3.75, 95% CI 1.45-9.74) and a history of exchanging sex for money or drugs heightened STI risk (AOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.0-5.04). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that age-related life experiences among heterosexual men influence sexual risk and STI transmission. This topic warrants further investigation to support the development and implementation of targeted interventions that may potentially reduce adverse sexual health outcomes. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours across age groups and to estimate their significance in predicting sexual risk factors by age cohort. METHODS: This cohort study examined sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among heterosexual men in Brazil, Mexico and the USA (N=3047). Participants completed a sexual risk factor questionnaire and were tested for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and genital herpes. We examined sexual risk in the study population through a composite measure of STI positivity by age cohort (young: 18-30 years; middle-aged: 31-44 years; older: 45-70 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to generate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We found that STI positivity varied significantly by age group among heterosexual men by a number of covariates. In younger men, having more advanced education had a protective effect (16 years: AOR=0.37, 95% CI 0.15- 0.92), whereas higher numbers of sexual partners elevated the risk for STIs (20-49 partners: AOR=2.06, 95% CI 1.04-4.06; ≥ 50 partners: AOR=4.33, 95% CI 1.74-10.76). Middle-aged men who were black (AOR=1.64, 95% CI 1.10-2.42) and divorced/separated/widowed (AOR=1.91, 95% CI 1.21-3.02) had an increased risk for a positive STI test. Among older men, a younger age at first vaginal sexual encounter (AOR=3.75, 95% CI 1.45-9.74) and a history of exchanging sex for money or drugs heightened STI risk (AOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.0-5.04). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that age-related life experiences among heterosexual men influence sexual risk and STI transmission. This topic warrants further investigation to support the development and implementation of targeted interventions that may potentially reduce adverse sexual health outcomes. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Gamber, Michelle; Watahomigie, Helen; Siyuja, Jr T J; Crozier, Laurie; Irwin, Sandra L Preventing Chronic Disease, 11 (E166), 2014. @article{Teufel-Shone2014, title = {Using a participatory research approach in a school-based physical activity intervention to prevent diabetes in the Hualapai Indian community, Arizona, 2002-2006}, author = {Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Michelle Gamber and Helen Watahomigie and Jr T. J. Siyuja and Laurie Crozier and Sandra L Irwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25254984}, doi = {10.5888/pcd11.130397}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-09-25}, journal = {Preventing Chronic Disease}, volume = {11}, number = {E166}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In the United States, type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions among indigenous people. Community-based participatory research offers American Indian communities and university partners an opportunity to integrate skills in community action and systematic inquiry to develop locally acceptable primary prevention interventions to combat diabetes risk factors. The Hualapai Tribe and the University of Arizona designed, implemented, and assessed a school-based physical activity intervention to reduce diabetes risk factors among youth. METHODS: During a 2-year period, trained community members led in-school physical activity classes 2 times per week among students in grades 3 through 8. Body mass index (BMI), fitness measures, and fasting blood glucose level were measured on 6 occasions. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to assess change in outcome measures. RESULTS: Of the more than 100 youth who took part in the physical activity classes for 2 years, 71 youth (38 male, 33 female) participated in 3 or more data collection sessions. Over time, the percentage of youth with a high fasting blood glucose level of more than 125 mg/dL decreased concurrently with significant improvements in fitness measures. However, BMI increased in both male and female participants. The high number of youth who missed more than 3 data collection sessions was attributed to poor school attendance and tardiness. CONCLUSION: Classes led by lay physical activity leaders can affect diabetes risk factors in youth. Incongruous health and fitness outcomes suggest that one indicator does not adequately define the risk profile; BMI alone may not be sufficient as a measure of diabetes risk in youth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: In the United States, type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions among indigenous people. Community-based participatory research offers American Indian communities and university partners an opportunity to integrate skills in community action and systematic inquiry to develop locally acceptable primary prevention interventions to combat diabetes risk factors. The Hualapai Tribe and the University of Arizona designed, implemented, and assessed a school-based physical activity intervention to reduce diabetes risk factors among youth. METHODS: During a 2-year period, trained community members led in-school physical activity classes 2 times per week among students in grades 3 through 8. Body mass index (BMI), fitness measures, and fasting blood glucose level were measured on 6 occasions. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to assess change in outcome measures. RESULTS: Of the more than 100 youth who took part in the physical activity classes for 2 years, 71 youth (38 male, 33 female) participated in 3 or more data collection sessions. Over time, the percentage of youth with a high fasting blood glucose level of more than 125 mg/dL decreased concurrently with significant improvements in fitness measures. However, BMI increased in both male and female participants. The high number of youth who missed more than 3 data collection sessions was attributed to poor school attendance and tardiness. CONCLUSION: Classes led by lay physical activity leaders can affect diabetes risk factors in youth. Incongruous health and fitness outcomes suggest that one indicator does not adequately define the risk profile; BMI alone may not be sufficient as a measure of diabetes risk in youth. |
McGinnis, Kara; Montiel-Ishino, Alejandro F; Standifer, Maisha Kambon; Wathington, Deanna; Goldsmith, Johnetta; Baldwin, Julie A Photonovels: an innovative approach to address health disparities and sustainability Journal Article Journal of Cancer Education, 29 (3), pp. 441-448, 2014. @article{McGinnis2014, title = {Photonovels: an innovative approach to address health disparities and sustainability}, author = {Kara McGinnis and Alejandro F Montiel-Ishino and Maisha Kambon Standifer and Deanna Wathington and Johnetta Goldsmith and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13187-014-0607-0}, doi = {10.1007/s13187-014-0607-0}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-09-01}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Education}, volume = {29}, number = {3}, pages = {441-448}, abstract = {Medically underserved and underrepresented communities have high rates of health disparities. In the greater Tampa Bay area, communities of color are disproportionately affected by chronic diseases such as cancer. In response to these concerns and as part of a lay health advisory program being implemented by the Center for Equal Health, a University of South Florida/H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute partnership, our group created a photonovel, an educational tool which explains topics using a graphic novel style. The photonovel was designed to educate community members about prostate cancer and was compared to standard cancer educational materials currently used for cancer outreach. We found that our photonovel served as an effective health education tool to address cancer health disparities in medically underserved and underrepresented populations in Tampa Bay.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Medically underserved and underrepresented communities have high rates of health disparities. In the greater Tampa Bay area, communities of color are disproportionately affected by chronic diseases such as cancer. In response to these concerns and as part of a lay health advisory program being implemented by the Center for Equal Health, a University of South Florida/H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute partnership, our group created a photonovel, an educational tool which explains topics using a graphic novel style. The photonovel was designed to educate community members about prostate cancer and was compared to standard cancer educational materials currently used for cancer outreach. We found that our photonovel served as an effective health education tool to address cancer health disparities in medically underserved and underrepresented populations in Tampa Bay. |
Eaves, Emery R; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Nichter, Mark; Hopkins, Allison L; Sherman, Karen J EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, 10 (4), pp. 225-232, 2014. @article{Eaves2014, title = {Modes of hoping: understanding hope and expectation in the context of a clinical trial of complementary and alternative medicine for chronic pain}, author = {Emery R Eaves and Cheryl Ritenbaugh and Mark Nichter and Allison L Hopkins and Karen J Sherman}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037665}, doi = {10.1016/j.explore.2014.04.004}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-08-01}, journal = {EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {225-232}, abstract = {This article explores the role of hope in participants' assessments of their expectations, experiences and treatment outcomes. Data analysis focused on semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 44 participants, interviewed 3-5 times each over the course of a study evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), a form of chronic orofacial pain. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using qualitative and ethnographic methods. A "Modes of Hoping" (Webb, 2007)(1) framework informed our analysis. Five modes of hoping emerged from participant narratives: Realistic Hope, Wishful Hope, Utopian Hope, Technoscience Hope, and Transcendent Hope. Using this framework, hope is demonstrated as exerting a profound influence over how participants assess and report their expectations. This suggests that researchers interested in measuring expectations and understanding their role in treatment outcomes should consider hope as exercising a multi-faceted and dynamic influence on participants' reporting of expectations and their experience and evaluation of treatment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article explores the role of hope in participants' assessments of their expectations, experiences and treatment outcomes. Data analysis focused on semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 44 participants, interviewed 3-5 times each over the course of a study evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), a form of chronic orofacial pain. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using qualitative and ethnographic methods. A "Modes of Hoping" (Webb, 2007)(1) framework informed our analysis. Five modes of hoping emerged from participant narratives: Realistic Hope, Wishful Hope, Utopian Hope, Technoscience Hope, and Transcendent Hope. Using this framework, hope is demonstrated as exerting a profound influence over how participants assess and report their expectations. This suggests that researchers interested in measuring expectations and understanding their role in treatment outcomes should consider hope as exercising a multi-faceted and dynamic influence on participants' reporting of expectations and their experience and evaluation of treatment. |
Hsu, Clarissa; Sherman, Karen J; Eaves, Emery R; Turner, Judith A; Cherkin, Daniel C; Cromp, DeAnn; Schafer, Lisa; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14 (1), pp. 276-286, 2014. @article{Hsu2014, title = {New perspectives on patient expectations of treatment outcomes: results from qualitative interviews with patients seeking complementary and alternative medicine treatments for chronic low back pain.}, author = {Clarissa Hsu and Karen J Sherman and Emery R Eaves and Judith A Turner and Daniel C Cherkin and DeAnn Cromp and Lisa Schafer and Cheryl Ritenbaugh}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077732}, doi = {10.1186/1472-6882-14-276}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-07-30}, journal = {BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {276-286}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Positive patient expectations are often believed to be associated with greater benefits from complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. However, clinical studies of CAM treatments for chronic pain have not consistently supported this assumption, possibly because of differences in definitions and measures of expectations. The goal of this qualitative paper is to provide new perspectives on the outcome expectations of patients prior to receiving CAM therapies for chronic low back pain. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 64 individuals receiving massage, chiropractic, acupuncture or yoga for chronic low back pain. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed by a team of experienced qualitative researchers using an immersion/crystallization approach to coding and analysis. RESULTS: Overall, participants' expectations of treatment outcomes tended to cluster in four key domains: pain relief, improved function (including an increase in ability to engage in meaningful activities), improved physical fitness, and improved overall well-being (including mental well-being). Typically, patients had modest expectations for outcomes from treatment. Furthermore, outcome expectations were complex on several levels. First, the concept of expectations overlapped with several related concepts; in particular, hopes. Participants sometimes used expectations and hopes interchangeably and at other times made clear distinctions between these two terms depending on context. A related finding was that participants were cautious about stating that they expected positive outcomes. Finally, participants articulated strong interrelationships among the four key domains and often discussed how changes in one domain might affect other domains. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings contribute to a growing body of literature exploring the role of expectations in patient outcomes. This paper provides important guidance that may help refine the way treatment expectations are studied in the future. In particular, participants' statements indicate that standardized measures of patient expectations should include items that capture hesitancy to articulate overly optimistic outcomes as well as interrelationships among different outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Positive patient expectations are often believed to be associated with greater benefits from complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. However, clinical studies of CAM treatments for chronic pain have not consistently supported this assumption, possibly because of differences in definitions and measures of expectations. The goal of this qualitative paper is to provide new perspectives on the outcome expectations of patients prior to receiving CAM therapies for chronic low back pain. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 64 individuals receiving massage, chiropractic, acupuncture or yoga for chronic low back pain. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed by a team of experienced qualitative researchers using an immersion/crystallization approach to coding and analysis. RESULTS: Overall, participants' expectations of treatment outcomes tended to cluster in four key domains: pain relief, improved function (including an increase in ability to engage in meaningful activities), improved physical fitness, and improved overall well-being (including mental well-being). Typically, patients had modest expectations for outcomes from treatment. Furthermore, outcome expectations were complex on several levels. First, the concept of expectations overlapped with several related concepts; in particular, hopes. Participants sometimes used expectations and hopes interchangeably and at other times made clear distinctions between these two terms depending on context. A related finding was that participants were cautious about stating that they expected positive outcomes. Finally, participants articulated strong interrelationships among the four key domains and often discussed how changes in one domain might affect other domains. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings contribute to a growing body of literature exploring the role of expectations in patient outcomes. This paper provides important guidance that may help refine the way treatment expectations are studied in the future. In particular, participants' statements indicate that standardized measures of patient expectations should include items that capture hesitancy to articulate overly optimistic outcomes as well as interrelationships among different outcomes. |
Weller, Susan C; Baer, Roberta D; de Garcia, Javier Garcia Alba; Glazer, Mark; Trotter, Robert; Rocha, Ana Salcedo L; Klein, Robert E; Pachter, Lee M Variation and Persistence in Latin American Beliefs About Evil Eye Journal Article Cross-Cultural Research, 29 (2), pp. 174-203, 2014. @article{Weller2014, title = {Variation and Persistence in Latin American Beliefs About Evil Eye}, author = {Susan C Weller and Roberta D Baer and Javier Garcia Alba de Garcia and Mark Glazer and Robert Trotter and Ana Salcedo L Rocha and Robert E Klein and Lee M Pachter}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1069397114539268}, doi = {10.1177/1069397114539268}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-07-24}, journal = {Cross-Cultural Research}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, pages = {174-203}, abstract = {In a comparative study of evil eye (mal de ojo), we demonstrate a methodology appropriate for the study of cultural transmission of beliefs. We studied four diverse populations with historical links to Spain: Puerto Ricans in Connecticut, Mexican Americans in south Texas, Mexicans in Guadalajara, and rural Guatemalans. Using agreement on ideas or themes about evil eye within and across sites, we identify specific ideas that may have persisted through time. The relevance of specific themes was estimated with a cultural consensus analysis. Mal de ojo was widely recognized in each community and higher community prevalence was associated with higher agreement on reported causes, symptoms, and treatments. Each community exhibited a distinct model for ojo, although models were highly similar between sites. Agreement among individuals and across communities suggests a pan-regional description for mal de ojo and possible content of older versions of these beliefs in Latin America.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In a comparative study of evil eye (mal de ojo), we demonstrate a methodology appropriate for the study of cultural transmission of beliefs. We studied four diverse populations with historical links to Spain: Puerto Ricans in Connecticut, Mexican Americans in south Texas, Mexicans in Guadalajara, and rural Guatemalans. Using agreement on ideas or themes about evil eye within and across sites, we identify specific ideas that may have persisted through time. The relevance of specific themes was estimated with a cultural consensus analysis. Mal de ojo was widely recognized in each community and higher community prevalence was associated with higher agreement on reported causes, symptoms, and treatments. Each community exhibited a distinct model for ojo, although models were highly similar between sites. Agreement among individuals and across communities suggests a pan-regional description for mal de ojo and possible content of older versions of these beliefs in Latin America. |
Sabo, Samantha; Shaw, Susan; Ingram, Maia; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Carvajal, Scott; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Rosales, Cecilia; Redondo, Flor; Garcia, Gina; Rubio-Goldsmith, Raquel Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border Journal Article Social Science and Medicine, 109 , pp. 66-74, 2014. @article{Sabo2014, title = {Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Susan Shaw and Maia Ingram and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Scott Carvajal and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Cecilia Rosales and Flor Redondo and Gina Garcia and Raquel Rubio-Goldsmith}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705336}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.005}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-05-01}, journal = {Social Science and Medicine}, volume = {109}, pages = {66-74}, abstract = {Immigration laws that militarize communities may exacerbate ethno-racial health disparities. We aimed to document the prevalence of and ways in which immigration enforcement policy and militarization of the US-Mexico border is experienced as everyday violence. Militarization is defined as the saturation of and pervasive encounters with immigration officials including local police enacting immigration and border enforcement policy with military style tactics and weapons. Data were drawn from a random household sample of US citizen and permanent residents of Mexican descent in the Arizona border region (2006-2008). Qualitative and quantitative data documented the frequency and nature of immigration related profiling, mistreatment and resistance to institutionalized victimization. Participants described living and working in a highly militarized environment, wherein immigration-related profiling and mistreatment were common immigration law enforcement practices. Approximately 25% of respondents described an immigration-related mistreatment episode, of which 62% were personally victimized. Nearly 75% of episodes occurred in a community location rather than at a US port of entry. Participant mistreatment narratives suggest the normalization of immigration-related mistreatment among the population. Given border security remains at the core of immigration reform debates, it is imperative that scholars advance the understanding of the public health impact of such enforcement policies on the daily lives of Mexican-origin US permanent residents, and their non-immigrant US citizen co-ethnics. Immigration policy that sanctions institutional practices of discrimination, such as ethno-racial profiling and mistreatment, are forms of structural racism and everyday violence. Metrics and systems for monitoring immigration and border enforcement policies and institutional practices deleterious to the health of US citizens and residents should be established.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Immigration laws that militarize communities may exacerbate ethno-racial health disparities. We aimed to document the prevalence of and ways in which immigration enforcement policy and militarization of the US-Mexico border is experienced as everyday violence. Militarization is defined as the saturation of and pervasive encounters with immigration officials including local police enacting immigration and border enforcement policy with military style tactics and weapons. Data were drawn from a random household sample of US citizen and permanent residents of Mexican descent in the Arizona border region (2006-2008). Qualitative and quantitative data documented the frequency and nature of immigration related profiling, mistreatment and resistance to institutionalized victimization. Participants described living and working in a highly militarized environment, wherein immigration-related profiling and mistreatment were common immigration law enforcement practices. Approximately 25% of respondents described an immigration-related mistreatment episode, of which 62% were personally victimized. Nearly 75% of episodes occurred in a community location rather than at a US port of entry. Participant mistreatment narratives suggest the normalization of immigration-related mistreatment among the population. Given border security remains at the core of immigration reform debates, it is imperative that scholars advance the understanding of the public health impact of such enforcement policies on the daily lives of Mexican-origin US permanent residents, and their non-immigrant US citizen co-ethnics. Immigration policy that sanctions institutional practices of discrimination, such as ethno-racial profiling and mistreatment, are forms of structural racism and everyday violence. Metrics and systems for monitoring immigration and border enforcement policies and institutional practices deleterious to the health of US citizens and residents should be established. |
Ingram, Maia; Schachter, Ken A; Sabo, Samantha; Reinschmidt, Kerstin M; Gomez, Sofia; Zapien, Jill Guernsey De; Carvajal, Scott C A community health worker intervention to address the social determinants of health through policy change Journal Article The Journal of primary Prevention, 35 (2), pp. 119-123, 2014. @article{Ingram2014, title = {A community health worker intervention to address the social determinants of health through policy change}, author = {Maia Ingram and Ken A Schachter and Samantha Sabo and Kerstin M Reinschmidt and Sofia Gomez and Jill Guernsey De Zapien and Scott C Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24363179}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-013-0335-y}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-04-01}, journal = {The Journal of primary Prevention}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {119-123}, abstract = {Public policy that seeks to achieve sustainable improvements in the social determinants of health, such as income, education, housing, food security and neighborhood conditions, can create positive and sustainable health effects. This paper describes preliminary results of Acción para la Salud, a public health intervention in which Community health workers (CHWs) from five health agencies engaged their community in the process of making positive systems and environmental changes. Academic-community partners trained Acción CHWs in community advocacy and provided ongoing technical assistance in developing strategic advocacy plans. The CHWs documented community advocacy activities through encounter forms in which they identified problems, formulated solutions, and described systems and policy change efforts. Strategy maps described the steps of the advocacy plans. Findings demonstrate that CHWs worked to initiate discussions about underlying social determinants and environment-related factors that impact health, and identified solutions to improve neighborhood conditions, create community opportunities, and increase access to services.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Public policy that seeks to achieve sustainable improvements in the social determinants of health, such as income, education, housing, food security and neighborhood conditions, can create positive and sustainable health effects. This paper describes preliminary results of Acción para la Salud, a public health intervention in which Community health workers (CHWs) from five health agencies engaged their community in the process of making positive systems and environmental changes. Academic-community partners trained Acción CHWs in community advocacy and provided ongoing technical assistance in developing strategic advocacy plans. The CHWs documented community advocacy activities through encounter forms in which they identified problems, formulated solutions, and described systems and policy change efforts. Strategy maps described the steps of the advocacy plans. Findings demonstrate that CHWs worked to initiate discussions about underlying social determinants and environment-related factors that impact health, and identified solutions to improve neighborhood conditions, create community opportunities, and increase access to services. |
Williamson, Heather J; Perkins, Elizabeth A Family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: outcomes associated with U.S. services and supports Journal Article Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52 (2), pp. 147-159, 2014. @article{Williamson2014, title = {Family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: outcomes associated with U.S. services and supports}, author = {Heather J Williamson and Elizabeth A Perkins}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24725113}, doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-52.2.147}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-04-01}, journal = {Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, pages = {147-159}, abstract = {Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the U.S. predominantly live with their family caregivers. As care delivery and support systems vary widely globally, consideration of caregiver outcomes specifically in the U.S. context is needed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify U.S. family caregiver outcomes and their association with existing services and supports for family caregivers of adults with IDD. Twenty-four articles were compiled using the PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases. Studies report economic, mental, and physical health outcomes from caregiving roles. The need for comprehensive caregiver assessment is discussed. Understanding and responding to the changing needs of family caregivers is vital to the U.S. disability service system to effectively prioritize formal resources and services.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the U.S. predominantly live with their family caregivers. As care delivery and support systems vary widely globally, consideration of caregiver outcomes specifically in the U.S. context is needed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify U.S. family caregiver outcomes and their association with existing services and supports for family caregivers of adults with IDD. Twenty-four articles were compiled using the PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases. Studies report economic, mental, and physical health outcomes from caregiving roles. The need for comprehensive caregiver assessment is discussed. Understanding and responding to the changing needs of family caregivers is vital to the U.S. disability service system to effectively prioritize formal resources and services. |
Marhefka, Stephanie L; Buhi, Eric R; Baldwin, Julie A; Chen, Henian; Johnson, Ayesha; Lynn, Vickie; Glueckauf, Robert Telemedicine Journal and E-health, 20 (2), pp. 128-134, 2014. @article{Marhefka2014, title = {Effectiveness of healthy relationships video-group-A videoconferencing group intervention for women living with HIV: preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial}, author = {Stephanie L Marhefka and Eric R Buhi and Julie A Baldwin and Henian Chen and Ayesha Johnson and Vickie Lynn and Robert Glueckauf}, url = {http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/tmj.2013.0072}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2013.0072}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-02-01}, journal = {Telemedicine Journal and E-health}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {128-134}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Expanded access to efficacious interventions is needed for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLH) in the United States. Availability of "prevention with (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV)] positives" interventions in rural/remote and low HIV prevalence areas remains limited, leaving WLH in these communities few options for receiving effective behavioral interventions such as Healthy Relationships (HR). Offering such programs via videoconferencing groups (VGs) may expand access. This analysis tests the effectiveness of HR-VG (versus wait-list control) for reducing sexual risk behavior among WLH and explores intervention satisfaction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial unprotected vaginal/anal sex occasions over the prior 3 months reported at the 6-month follow-up were compared across randomization groups through zero-inflated Poisson regression modeling, controlling for unprotected sex at baseline. Seventy-one WLH were randomized and completed the baseline assessment (n=36 intervention and n=35 control); 59 (83% in each group) had follow-up data. RESULTS: Among those who engaged in unprotected sex at 6-month follow-up, intervention participants had approximately seven fewer unprotected occasions than control participants (95% confidence interval 5.43-7.43). Intervention participants reported high levels of satisfaction with HR-VG; 84% reported being "very satisfied" overall. CONCLUSIONS: This study found promising evidence for effective dissemination of HIV risk reduction interventions via VGs. Important next steps will be to determine whether VGs are effective with other subpopulations of people living with HIV (i.e., men and non-English speakers) and to assess cost-effectiveness. Possibilities for using VGs to expand access to other psychosocial and behavioral interventions and reduce stigma are discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Expanded access to efficacious interventions is needed for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLH) in the United States. Availability of "prevention with (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV)] positives" interventions in rural/remote and low HIV prevalence areas remains limited, leaving WLH in these communities few options for receiving effective behavioral interventions such as Healthy Relationships (HR). Offering such programs via videoconferencing groups (VGs) may expand access. This analysis tests the effectiveness of HR-VG (versus wait-list control) for reducing sexual risk behavior among WLH and explores intervention satisfaction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial unprotected vaginal/anal sex occasions over the prior 3 months reported at the 6-month follow-up were compared across randomization groups through zero-inflated Poisson regression modeling, controlling for unprotected sex at baseline. Seventy-one WLH were randomized and completed the baseline assessment (n=36 intervention and n=35 control); 59 (83% in each group) had follow-up data. RESULTS: Among those who engaged in unprotected sex at 6-month follow-up, intervention participants had approximately seven fewer unprotected occasions than control participants (95% confidence interval 5.43-7.43). Intervention participants reported high levels of satisfaction with HR-VG; 84% reported being "very satisfied" overall. CONCLUSIONS: This study found promising evidence for effective dissemination of HIV risk reduction interventions via VGs. Important next steps will be to determine whether VGs are effective with other subpopulations of people living with HIV (i.e., men and non-English speakers) and to assess cost-effectiveness. Possibilities for using VGs to expand access to other psychosocial and behavioral interventions and reduce stigma are discussed. |
Sherman, Karen J; Eaves, Emery R; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Hsu, Clarissa; Cherkin, Daniel C; Turner, Judith A Cognitive interviews guide design of a new CAM patient expectations questionnaire Journal Article BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14 (1), pp. 39, 2014. @article{Sherman2014, title = {Cognitive interviews guide design of a new CAM patient expectations questionnaire}, author = {Karen J Sherman and Emery R Eaves and Cheryl Ritenbaugh and Clarissa Hsu and Daniel C Cherkin and Judith A Turner}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460709}, doi = {10.1186/1472-6882-14-39}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-25}, journal = {BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {39}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: No consistent relationship exists between pre-treatment expectations and therapeutic benefit from various complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in clinical trials. However, many different expectancy measures have been used in those studies, with no validated questionnaires clearly focused on CAM and pain. We undertook cognitive interviews as part of a process to develop and validate such a questionnaire. METHODS: We reviewed questions about expectations of benefits of acupuncture, chiropractic, massage, or yoga for pain. Components of the questions - verbs, nouns, response options, terms and phrases describing back pain - were identified. Using seven different cognitive interview scripts, we conducted 39 interviews to evaluate how individuals with chronic low back pain understood these individual components in the context of expectancy questions for a therapy they had not yet received. Chosen items were those with the greatest agreement and least confusion among participants, and were closest to the meanings intended by the investigators. RESULTS: The questionnaire drafted for psychometric evaluation had 18 items covering various domains of expectancy. "Back pain" was the most consistently interpreted descriptor for this condition. The most understandable response options were 0-10 scales, a structure used throughout the questionnaire, with 0 always indicating no change, and 10 anchored with an absolute descriptor such as "complete relief". The use of words to describe midpoints was found to be confusing. The word "expect" held different and shifting meanings for participants. Thus paired items comparing "hope" and "realistically expect" were chosen to evaluate 5 different aspects of treatment expectations (back pain; back dysfunction and global effects; impact of back pain on specific areas of life; sleep, mood, and energy; coping). "Impact of back pain" on various areas of life was found to be a consistently meaningful concept, and more global than "interference". CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive interviews identified wordings with considerable agreement among both participants and investigators. Some items widely used in clinical studies had different meanings to participants than investigators, or were confusing to participants. The final 18-item questionnaire is undergoing psychometric evaluation with goals of streamlining as well as identifying best items for use when questionnaire length is constrained.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: No consistent relationship exists between pre-treatment expectations and therapeutic benefit from various complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in clinical trials. However, many different expectancy measures have been used in those studies, with no validated questionnaires clearly focused on CAM and pain. We undertook cognitive interviews as part of a process to develop and validate such a questionnaire. METHODS: We reviewed questions about expectations of benefits of acupuncture, chiropractic, massage, or yoga for pain. Components of the questions - verbs, nouns, response options, terms and phrases describing back pain - were identified. Using seven different cognitive interview scripts, we conducted 39 interviews to evaluate how individuals with chronic low back pain understood these individual components in the context of expectancy questions for a therapy they had not yet received. Chosen items were those with the greatest agreement and least confusion among participants, and were closest to the meanings intended by the investigators. RESULTS: The questionnaire drafted for psychometric evaluation had 18 items covering various domains of expectancy. "Back pain" was the most consistently interpreted descriptor for this condition. The most understandable response options were 0-10 scales, a structure used throughout the questionnaire, with 0 always indicating no change, and 10 anchored with an absolute descriptor such as "complete relief". The use of words to describe midpoints was found to be confusing. The word "expect" held different and shifting meanings for participants. Thus paired items comparing "hope" and "realistically expect" were chosen to evaluate 5 different aspects of treatment expectations (back pain; back dysfunction and global effects; impact of back pain on specific areas of life; sleep, mood, and energy; coping). "Impact of back pain" on various areas of life was found to be a consistently meaningful concept, and more global than "interference". CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive interviews identified wordings with considerable agreement among both participants and investigators. Some items widely used in clinical studies had different meanings to participants than investigators, or were confusing to participants. The final 18-item questionnaire is undergoing psychometric evaluation with goals of streamlining as well as identifying best items for use when questionnaire length is constrained. |
Sabo, Samantha; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Rosales, Cecilia HERITAGE 2014 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development, 1 (1), Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, 2014, ISBN: 978-989-98013-7. @conference{Sabo2014b, title = {Entre Fronteras (Between Borders): The Power of Service-Learning in Cultural Exchange and Social Action in the United States -Mexico Borderlands}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Cecilia Rosales}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Laura_Demeter/publication/272677297_Assessing_the_cultural_value_of_the_communist_legacy_in_Romania/links/54eb27240cf2f7aa4d5a66a2/Assessing-the-cultural-value-of-the-communist-legacy-in-Romania.pdf}, doi = {10.14575/gl/heritage2014}, isbn = {978-989-98013-7}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, booktitle = {HERITAGE 2014 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {749-760}, publisher = {Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } |
2013 |
Loi, Claudia Aguado X; Baldwin, Julie A; McDermott, Robert J; McMillan, Susan; Tyson, Dinorah Martinez; Yampolskaya, Svetlana; VandeWeerd, Carla Risk factors associated with increased depressive symptoms among Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer within 5 years of survivorship Journal Article Psycho-oncology, 2 (12), pp. 2779-2788, 2013. @article{Loi2013, title = {Risk factors associated with increased depressive symptoms among Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer within 5 years of survivorship}, author = {Claudia Aguado X Loi and Julie A Baldwin and Robert J McDermott and Susan McMillan and Dinorah Martinez Tyson and Svetlana Yampolskaya and Carla VandeWeerd}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24000126}, doi = {10.1002/pon.3357}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-12-01}, journal = {Psycho-oncology}, volume = {2}, number = {12}, pages = {2779-2788}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Co-occurring depression in women with cancer can complicate cancer treatment, lead to poor treatment adherence for both conditions, and decrease survival if left untreated. The purpose of this study was to explore risk factors for depression among Latina breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A closed-ended questionnaire was administered by telephone to 68 Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer within the past 5 years. Depression symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 with the Endicott substitutive criteria applied. The Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale and the Brief COPE were used to measure appraisal and coping. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were completed. RESULTS: Approximately 45.6% of women reported depressive symptoms. Multivariate analyses showed that a cognitive appraisal variable (decreased challenge or the potential to overcome), coping variables (increased acceptance, less positive reframing, less active coping, less use of emotional support, substance use and more self-blame), poor body image, less family and peer support to be significantly associated with an increased risk for depression. Intrapersonal variables accounted for the greatest explained variance (69%). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several risk factors for depression. Study findings highlight the need for intervention programs to help women normalize emotions and thoughts related to cancer and its treatments, and to improve their cognitive abilities to overcome, accept, and positively reframe cancer and other difficult situations women face throughout the cancer continuum. The importance of family and peer support to improve depressive symptoms was also evident.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Co-occurring depression in women with cancer can complicate cancer treatment, lead to poor treatment adherence for both conditions, and decrease survival if left untreated. The purpose of this study was to explore risk factors for depression among Latina breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A closed-ended questionnaire was administered by telephone to 68 Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer within the past 5 years. Depression symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 with the Endicott substitutive criteria applied. The Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale and the Brief COPE were used to measure appraisal and coping. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were completed. RESULTS: Approximately 45.6% of women reported depressive symptoms. Multivariate analyses showed that a cognitive appraisal variable (decreased challenge or the potential to overcome), coping variables (increased acceptance, less positive reframing, less active coping, less use of emotional support, substance use and more self-blame), poor body image, less family and peer support to be significantly associated with an increased risk for depression. Intrapersonal variables accounted for the greatest explained variance (69%). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several risk factors for depression. Study findings highlight the need for intervention programs to help women normalize emotions and thoughts related to cancer and its treatments, and to improve their cognitive abilities to overcome, accept, and positively reframe cancer and other difficult situations women face throughout the cancer continuum. The importance of family and peer support to improve depressive symptoms was also evident. |
Romero‐Daza, Nancy; Baldwin, Julie A; Lescano, Celia; Williamson, Heather J; Tilley, David L; Chan, Isabella; Tewell, Mackenzie; Palacios, Wilson R Syndemic theory as a model for training and mentorship to address HIV/AIDS among Latinos in the U.S. Journal Article Annals of Anthropological Practice, 36 (2), pp. 232- 256, 2013. @article{Romero‐Daza2013, title = {Syndemic theory as a model for training and mentorship to address HIV/AIDS among Latinos in the U.S.}, author = {Nancy Romero‐Daza and Julie A Baldwin and Celia Lescano and Heather J Williamson and David L Tilley and Isabella Chan and Mackenzie Tewell and Wilson R Palacios}, url = {https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/napa.12002}, doi = {10.1111/napa.12002}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-11-12}, journal = {Annals of Anthropological Practice}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {232- 256}, abstract = {Syndemic Theory posits that an understanding of the HIV/AIDS pandemic can only be gained by examining the dynamic interaction of the disease with other health problems (e.g., tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, malnutrition, substance abuse), in the context of social and structural conditions such as poverty, unequal access to resources, violence, stigma, etc. While the theory has been extensively used to guide research, it has not been widely utilized as a training tool. This article presents a model for the use of Syndemic Theory as a framework for the training and mentorship of researchers and practitioners, particularly from underrepresented groups interested in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment among ethnic minorities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Syndemic Theory posits that an understanding of the HIV/AIDS pandemic can only be gained by examining the dynamic interaction of the disease with other health problems (e.g., tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, malnutrition, substance abuse), in the context of social and structural conditions such as poverty, unequal access to resources, violence, stigma, etc. While the theory has been extensively used to guide research, it has not been widely utilized as a training tool. This article presents a model for the use of Syndemic Theory as a framework for the training and mentorship of researchers and practitioners, particularly from underrepresented groups interested in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment among ethnic minorities. |
Green, Lee B; Rivers, Desiree A; Kumar, Nagi; Baldwin, Julie A; Rivers, Brian M; Sultan, Dawood; Jacobsen, Paul; Gordon, Leslene E; Davis, Jenna; Roetzheim, Richard Establishing the infrastructure to comprehensively address cancer disparities: a model for transdisciplinary approaches Journal Article Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24 (4), pp. 1614-1623, 2013. @article{Green2013, title = {Establishing the infrastructure to comprehensively address cancer disparities: a model for transdisciplinary approaches}, author = {Lee B Green and Desiree A Rivers and Nagi Kumar and Julie A Baldwin and Brian M Rivers and Dawood Sultan and Paul Jacobsen and Leslene E Gordon and Jenna Davis and Richard Roetzheim}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24185157}, doi = {10.1353/hpu.2013.0186}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-11-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, pages = {1614-1623}, abstract = {The Center for Equal Health (CEH), a transdisciplinary Center of Excellence, was established to investigate cancer disparities comprehensively and achieve health equity through research, education, training, and community outreach. This paper discusses challenges faced by CEH, strategies employed to foster collaborations, lessons learned, and future considerations for establishing similar initiatives.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Center for Equal Health (CEH), a transdisciplinary Center of Excellence, was established to investigate cancer disparities comprehensively and achieve health equity through research, education, training, and community outreach. This paper discusses challenges faced by CEH, strategies employed to foster collaborations, lessons learned, and future considerations for establishing similar initiatives. |
Hardy, Lisa Jane; Bohan, Kyle David; Trotter, Robert Synthesizing Evidence-Based Strategies and Community-Engaged Research: A Model to Address Social Determinants of Health Journal Article Public Health Reports, 128 (S3), pp. 68-76, 2013. @article{Hardy2013, title = {Synthesizing Evidence-Based Strategies and Community-Engaged Research: A Model to Address Social Determinants of Health}, author = {Lisa Jane Hardy and Kyle David Bohan and Robert Trotter}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00333549131286S311}, doi = {10.1177/00333549131286S311}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-11-01}, journal = {Public Health Reports}, volume = {128}, number = {S3}, pages = {68-76}, abstract = {Addressing social determinants of health (SDH) requires multileveled intervention designs. Increasingly, organizations and coalitions face pressure to use evidence-based strategies when seeking to address SDH. Evidence-based strategies, however, must be locally relevant and integrated into existing systems to function efficiently. We propose the incorporation of an effective rapid assessment technique, Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE), with evidence-based strategies, findings, and recommendations embedded in community-engaged research to increase the likelihood of success in addressing SDH. Our RARE project—a partnership among a community health center, a nonprofit funding agency, and academic faculty researchers—resulted in community- and policy-level interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity in a Southwestern U.S. city}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Addressing social determinants of health (SDH) requires multileveled intervention designs. Increasingly, organizations and coalitions face pressure to use evidence-based strategies when seeking to address SDH. Evidence-based strategies, however, must be locally relevant and integrated into existing systems to function efficiently. We propose the incorporation of an effective rapid assessment technique, Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE), with evidence-based strategies, findings, and recommendations embedded in community-engaged research to increase the likelihood of success in addressing SDH. Our RARE project—a partnership among a community health center, a nonprofit funding agency, and academic faculty researchers—resulted in community- and policy-level interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity in a Southwestern U.S. city |
Buhi, Eric R; Klinkenberger, Natalie; McFarlane, Mary; Kachur, Rachel; Daley, Ellen M; Baldwin, Julie A; Blunt, Heather D; Hughes, Shana; Wheldon, Christopher W; Rietmeijer, Cornelis Evaluating the Internet as a sexually transmitted disease risk environment for teens: findings from the communication, health, and teens study Journal Article Sexually Transmitted Disease, 40 (7), pp. 528-233, 2013. @article{Buhi2013, title = {Evaluating the Internet as a sexually transmitted disease risk environment for teens: findings from the communication, health, and teens study}, author = {Eric R Buhi and Natalie Klinkenberger and Mary McFarlane and Rachel Kachur and Ellen M Daley and Julie A Baldwin and Heather D Blunt and Shana Hughes and Christopher W Wheldon and Cornelis Rietmeijer}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965765}, doi = {10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31829413f7}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-07-01}, journal = {Sexually Transmitted Disease}, volume = {40}, number = {7}, pages = {528-233}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between sexual health risks and online sex-seeking among teenagers. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between meeting sex partners online and a range of sexual risk behaviors and outcomes among adolescents. METHODS: Participants aged 13 to 19 years were recruited from a publicly funded teen clinic in Florida. After obtaining informed consent/assent, 273 participants completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview that included questions on demographics, sexual behavior, sexually transmitted disease (STD) history, and online sex-seeking behaviors and experiences. Participants also provided urine samples for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to identify the association between having an online sex partner and sexual behaviors/outcomes. RESULTS: After adjusting for significant bivariate correlates, teens reporting online sex partners were more likely to be male, be multiracial, have a history of same-sex sexual activity, report a higher number of vaginal sex partners, and report a lower age at first vaginal sex. However, teens with online sex partners were no more likely to have ever had an STD or a current biological STD. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to correlate biological STD results to online sexual partnering data in a youth population. Although meeting a sex partner online was not associated with past or current STDs, it was associated with other sexual risk behaviors. Future research is needed to examine the complex nature of online sexual partnering among adolescents and to develop intervention approaches.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between sexual health risks and online sex-seeking among teenagers. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between meeting sex partners online and a range of sexual risk behaviors and outcomes among adolescents. METHODS: Participants aged 13 to 19 years were recruited from a publicly funded teen clinic in Florida. After obtaining informed consent/assent, 273 participants completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview that included questions on demographics, sexual behavior, sexually transmitted disease (STD) history, and online sex-seeking behaviors and experiences. Participants also provided urine samples for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to identify the association between having an online sex partner and sexual behaviors/outcomes. RESULTS: After adjusting for significant bivariate correlates, teens reporting online sex partners were more likely to be male, be multiracial, have a history of same-sex sexual activity, report a higher number of vaginal sex partners, and report a lower age at first vaginal sex. However, teens with online sex partners were no more likely to have ever had an STD or a current biological STD. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to correlate biological STD results to online sexual partnering data in a youth population. Although meeting a sex partner online was not associated with past or current STDs, it was associated with other sexual risk behaviors. Future research is needed to examine the complex nature of online sexual partnering among adolescents and to develop intervention approaches. |
Sabo, Samantha; Ingram, Maia; Reinschmidt, Kerstin M; Schachter, Kenneth; Jacobs, Laurel; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Robinson, Laurie; Carvajal, Scott Predictors and a framework for fostering community advocacy as a community health worker core function to eliminate health disparities Journal Article American Journal of Public health, 103 (7), pp. 67-73, 2013. @article{Sabo2013, title = {Predictors and a framework for fostering community advocacy as a community health worker core function to eliminate health disparities}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Maia Ingram and Kerstin M Reinschmidt and Kenneth Schachter and Laurel Jacobs and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Laurie Robinson and Scott Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23678904}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2012.301108}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-07-01}, journal = {American Journal of Public health}, volume = {103}, number = {7}, pages = {67-73}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Using a mixed-method, participatory research approach, we investigated factors related to community health worker (CHW) community advocacy that affect social determinants of health. METHODS: We used cross-sectional survey data for 371 CHWs to assess demographics, training, work environment, and leadership qualities on civic, political, and organizational advocacy. We present advocacy stories to further articulate CHW activities. The data reported are from the recently completed National Community Health Workers Advocacy Study. RESULTS: CHWs are involved in advocacy that is community-focused, although advocacy differs by intrinsic leadership, experience, training, and work environment. We propose a framework to conceptualize, support, and evaluate CHW advocacy and the iterative processes they engage in. These processes create opportunities for community voice and action to affect social and structural conditions that are known to have wide-ranging health effects on communities. CONCLUSIONS: The framework presented may have utility for CHWs, their training programs, and their employers as well as funders and policymakers aiming to promote health equity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } OBJECTIVES: Using a mixed-method, participatory research approach, we investigated factors related to community health worker (CHW) community advocacy that affect social determinants of health. METHODS: We used cross-sectional survey data for 371 CHWs to assess demographics, training, work environment, and leadership qualities on civic, political, and organizational advocacy. We present advocacy stories to further articulate CHW activities. The data reported are from the recently completed National Community Health Workers Advocacy Study. RESULTS: CHWs are involved in advocacy that is community-focused, although advocacy differs by intrinsic leadership, experience, training, and work environment. We propose a framework to conceptualize, support, and evaluate CHW advocacy and the iterative processes they engage in. These processes create opportunities for community voice and action to affect social and structural conditions that are known to have wide-ranging health effects on communities. CONCLUSIONS: The framework presented may have utility for CHWs, their training programs, and their employers as well as funders and policymakers aiming to promote health equity. |
Gwede, Clement K; Ashley, Atalie A; McGinnis, Kara; Montiel-Ishino, Alejandro F; Standifer, Maisha; Baldwin, Julie A; Williams, Coni; Sneed, Kevin B; Wathington, Deanna; Dash-Pitts, Lolita; Green, Lee B Designing a community-based lay health advisor training curriculum to address cancer health disparities Journal Article Health Promotion Practice, 14 (3), pp. 415-424, 2013. @article{Gwede2013, title = {Designing a community-based lay health advisor training curriculum to address cancer health disparities}, author = {Clement K Gwede and Atalie A Ashley and Kara McGinnis and Alejandro F Montiel-Ishino and Maisha Standifer and Julie A Baldwin and Coni Williams and Kevin B Sneed and Deanna Wathington and Lolita Dash-Pitts and Lee B Green}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982709}, doi = {10.1177/1524839912458675}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-05-01}, journal = {Health Promotion Practice}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {415-424}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Racial and ethnic minorities have disproportionately higher cancer incidence and mortality than their White counterparts. In response to this inequity in cancer prevention and care, community-based lay health advisors (LHAs) may be suited to deliver effective, culturally relevant, quality cancer education, prevention/screening, and early detection services for underserved populations. APPROACH AND STRATEGIES: Consistent with key tenets of community-based participatory research (CBPR), this project engaged community partners to develop and implement a unique LHA training curriculum to address cancer health disparities among medically underserved communities in a tricounty area. Seven phases of curriculum development went into designing a final seven-module LHA curriculum. In keeping with principles of CBPR and community engagement, academic-community partners and LHAs themselves were involved at all phases to ensure the needs of academic and community partners were mutually addressed in development and implementation of the LHA program. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Community-based LHA programs for outreach, education, and promotion of cancer screening and early detection, are ideal for addressing cancer health disparities in access and quality care. When community-based LHAs are appropriately recruited, trained, and located in communities, they provide unique opportunities to link, bridge, and facilitate quality cancer education, services, and research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Racial and ethnic minorities have disproportionately higher cancer incidence and mortality than their White counterparts. In response to this inequity in cancer prevention and care, community-based lay health advisors (LHAs) may be suited to deliver effective, culturally relevant, quality cancer education, prevention/screening, and early detection services for underserved populations. APPROACH AND STRATEGIES: Consistent with key tenets of community-based participatory research (CBPR), this project engaged community partners to develop and implement a unique LHA training curriculum to address cancer health disparities among medically underserved communities in a tricounty area. Seven phases of curriculum development went into designing a final seven-module LHA curriculum. In keeping with principles of CBPR and community engagement, academic-community partners and LHAs themselves were involved at all phases to ensure the needs of academic and community partners were mutually addressed in development and implementation of the LHA program. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Community-based LHA programs for outreach, education, and promotion of cancer screening and early detection, are ideal for addressing cancer health disparities in access and quality care. When community-based LHAs are appropriately recruited, trained, and located in communities, they provide unique opportunities to link, bridge, and facilitate quality cancer education, services, and research. |
Carvajal, Scott C; Rosales, Cecilia; Rubio-Goldsmith, Raquel; Sabo, Samantha; Ingram, Maia; McClelland, Debra Jean; Torres, Floribella Redondoand Emma; Romero, Andrea J; O’Leary, Anna Ochoa; Sanchez, Zoila; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey The border community and immigration stress scale: a preliminary examination of a community responsive measure in two Southwest samples Journal Article Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 15 (2), pp. 437-436, 2013. @article{Carvajal2013, title = {The border community and immigration stress scale: a preliminary examination of a community responsive measure in two Southwest samples}, author = {Scott C Carvajal and Cecilia Rosales and Raquel Rubio-Goldsmith and Samantha Sabo and Maia Ingram and Debra Jean McClelland and Floribella Redondoand Emma Torres and Andrea J Romero and Anna Ochoa O’Leary and Zoila Sanchez and Jill Guernsey de Zapien}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22430894}, doi = {10.1007/s10903-012-9600-z}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-04-01}, journal = {Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {437-436}, abstract = {Understanding contemporary socio-cultural stressors may assist educational, clinical and policy-level health promotion efforts. This study presents descriptive findings on a new measure, the border community and immigration stress scale. The data were from two community surveys as part of community based participatory projects conducted in the Southwestern US border region. This scale includes stressful experiences reflected in extant measures, with new items reflecting heightened local migration pressures and health care barriers. Stressors representing each main domain, including novel ones, were reported with frequency and at high intensity in the predominantly Mexican-descent samples. Total stress was also significantly associated with mental and physical health indicators. The study suggests particularly high health burdens tied to the experience of stressors in the US border region. Further, many of the stressors are also likely relevant for other communities within developed nations also experiencing high levels of migration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding contemporary socio-cultural stressors may assist educational, clinical and policy-level health promotion efforts. This study presents descriptive findings on a new measure, the border community and immigration stress scale. The data were from two community surveys as part of community based participatory projects conducted in the Southwestern US border region. This scale includes stressful experiences reflected in extant measures, with new items reflecting heightened local migration pressures and health care barriers. Stressors representing each main domain, including novel ones, were reported with frequency and at high intensity in the predominantly Mexican-descent samples. Total stress was also significantly associated with mental and physical health indicators. The study suggests particularly high health burdens tied to the experience of stressors in the US border region. Further, many of the stressors are also likely relevant for other communities within developed nations also experiencing high levels of migration. |
Marhefka, Stephanie L; Iziduh, Sharon; Fuhrmann, Hollie J; Lopez, Bernice; Glueckauf, Robert; Lynn, Vickie; Baldwin, Julie A AIDS Care, 25 (7), pp. 904-909, 2013. @article{Marhefka2013, title = {Internet-based video-group delivery of Healthy Relationships--a "prevention with positives" intervention: report on a single group pilot test among women living with HIV}, author = {Stephanie L Marhefka and Sharon Iziduh and Hollie J Fuhrmann and Bernice Lopez and Robert Glueckauf and Vickie Lynn and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23713756}, doi = {10.1080/09540121.2013.793266}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {AIDS Care}, volume = {25}, number = {7}, pages = {904-909}, abstract = {Women living with HIV (WLH) face challenges related to stigma, disclosure of HIV status, and negotiating safer sex. Several effective behavioral interventions, such as Healthy Relationships (HR), help WLH address these challenges and are disseminated by the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions project. However, many WLH living in poor urban or rural locations cannot access interventions such as HR because implementation is not feasible. Video-conferencing technology holds promise for expanding access to effective behavioral interventions for WLH. Following a systematic adaptation to the video-conferencing format, this pilot study tested the delivery of HR via video-group (VG) among WLH. The video-conferencing-based intervention, HR-VG, consisted of six, two-hour sessions led by two facilitators, and used structured activities and video-clips to build disclosure and safer sex skills. Four minority WLH received HR-VG at four different community-based intervention sites in a private room equipped with a video-phone for participating in HR-VG and a desktop computer for completing assessments via Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interview. Participants completed a baseline assessment prior to HR-VG and post-session assessment after each HR-VG session. The post-intervention assessment and video-focus group were completed following the last HR-VG session. Facilitators completed an assessment after each HR-VG session and an open-ended questionnaire following HR-VG. HR-VG was implemented in its entirety with minimal challenges. Both participants and facilitators reported feeling either "very comfortable" or "completely comfortable" with the technology and the overall intervention. Participants also reported high levels of unity and togetherness among the group. These preliminary findings suggest VG delivery of HR for WLH is both feasible and highly valued by participants. A follow-up randomized controlled trial is under way to test the feasibility and efficacy of HR-VG with a larger sample of WLH.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Women living with HIV (WLH) face challenges related to stigma, disclosure of HIV status, and negotiating safer sex. Several effective behavioral interventions, such as Healthy Relationships (HR), help WLH address these challenges and are disseminated by the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions project. However, many WLH living in poor urban or rural locations cannot access interventions such as HR because implementation is not feasible. Video-conferencing technology holds promise for expanding access to effective behavioral interventions for WLH. Following a systematic adaptation to the video-conferencing format, this pilot study tested the delivery of HR via video-group (VG) among WLH. The video-conferencing-based intervention, HR-VG, consisted of six, two-hour sessions led by two facilitators, and used structured activities and video-clips to build disclosure and safer sex skills. Four minority WLH received HR-VG at four different community-based intervention sites in a private room equipped with a video-phone for participating in HR-VG and a desktop computer for completing assessments via Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interview. Participants completed a baseline assessment prior to HR-VG and post-session assessment after each HR-VG session. The post-intervention assessment and video-focus group were completed following the last HR-VG session. Facilitators completed an assessment after each HR-VG session and an open-ended questionnaire following HR-VG. HR-VG was implemented in its entirety with minimal challenges. Both participants and facilitators reported feeling either "very comfortable" or "completely comfortable" with the technology and the overall intervention. Participants also reported high levels of unity and togetherness among the group. These preliminary findings suggest VG delivery of HR for WLH is both feasible and highly valued by participants. A follow-up randomized controlled trial is under way to test the feasibility and efficacy of HR-VG with a larger sample of WLH. |
Gallegos, Patricia A; Velez, Maria Ortega I; Rosales, Cecilia; de Zapien, Jill; Sabo, Samantha; Zapien, Antonio Migracion y atención a la salud de los Jornalero agricolas Book Chapter In Alternativas en la crisis para la transformación de las políticas sociales en México,, Chapter 7, El Colegio de Sonora, CIAD, Fundación Konrad Adenauer, 2013, ISBN: 978-607-7900-11-5. @inbook{Gallegos2013, title = {Migracion y atención a la salud de los Jornalero agricolas}, author = {Patricia A Gallegos and Maria Ortega I Velez and Cecilia Rosales and Jill de Zapien and Samantha Sabo and Antonio Zapien}, url = {http://alamo.colson.edu.mx:8085/sitios/CESS/091020_frutosTrabajo/frutos_archivos/ArandaOrtega2013_Migracion%20y%20atencion.pdf}, isbn = {978-607-7900-11-5}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, booktitle = {In Alternativas en la crisis para la transformación de las políticas sociales en México,}, publisher = {El Colegio de Sonora, CIAD, Fundación Konrad Adenauer}, chapter = {7}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
2012 |
Trotter, Robert Qualitative research sample design and sample size: Resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives Journal Article Preventive Medicine, 55 (5), pp. 398-400, 2012. @article{Trotter2012, title = {Qualitative research sample design and sample size: Resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives}, author = {Robert Trotter}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743512003131}, doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.003}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-11-30}, journal = {Preventive Medicine}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {398-400}, abstract = {Originally there was a wide gap between quantitative and qualitative research design and methodological discussions. Researchers can follow the original qual/quant debate by reviewing the methods and project design discussions from about 1990 to 2000 representing the epistemological and inferential imperatives of both camps (Johnson, 1990). However, qualitative research methodologies have evolved extensively in the recent past, producing scientifically defensible theory, sampling strategies, and analytical strategies. Today the qual/quant gap has narrowed to the point that there can be a seamless transition between qualitative and quantitative research designs, or, even more importantly, integrated mixed methods research designs that incorporate the strengths of both approaches and simultaneously reduce the limitations of each approach (Bernard, 2011; Creswell, 2009).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Originally there was a wide gap between quantitative and qualitative research design and methodological discussions. Researchers can follow the original qual/quant debate by reviewing the methods and project design discussions from about 1990 to 2000 representing the epistemological and inferential imperatives of both camps (Johnson, 1990). However, qualitative research methodologies have evolved extensively in the recent past, producing scientifically defensible theory, sampling strategies, and analytical strategies. Today the qual/quant gap has narrowed to the point that there can be a seamless transition between qualitative and quantitative research designs, or, even more importantly, integrated mixed methods research designs that incorporate the strengths of both approaches and simultaneously reduce the limitations of each approach (Bernard, 2011; Creswell, 2009). |
Schafer, Lisa M; Hsu, Clarissa; Eaves, Emery R; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Turner, Judith; Cherkin, Daniel C; Sims, Colette; Sherman, Karen J BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12 (1), pp. 24, 2012. @article{Schafer2012, title = {Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers' views of chronic low back pain patients' expectations of CAM therapies: a qualitative study}, author = {Lisa M Schafer and Clarissa Hsu and Emery R Eaves and Cheryl Ritenbaugh and Judith Turner and Daniel C Cherkin and Colette Sims and Karen J Sherman}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23186539}, doi = {10.1186/1472-6882-12-234}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-11-01}, journal = {BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {24}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Some researchers think that patients with higher expectations for CAM therapies experience better outcomes and that enthusiastic providers can enhance treatment outcomes. This is in contrast to evidence suggesting conventional medical providers often reorient patient expectations to better match what providers believe to be realistic. However, there is a paucity of research on CAM providers' views of their patients' expectations regarding CAM therapy and the role of these expectations in patient outcomes. METHODS: To better understand how CAM providers view and respond to their patients' expectations of a particular therapy, we conducted 32 semi-structured, qualitative interviews with acupuncturists, chiropractors, massage therapists and yoga instructors identified through convenience sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically using Atlas ti version 6.1. RESULTS: CAM providers reported that they attempt to ensure that their patients' expectations are realistic. Providers indicated they manage their patients' expectations in a number of domains- roles and responsibilities of providers and patients, treatment outcomes, timeframe for improvement, and treatment experience. Providers reported that patients' expectations change over time and that they need to continually manage these expectations to enhance patient engagement and satisfaction with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Providers of four types of CAM therapies viewed patients' expectations as an important component of their experiences with CAM therapy and indicated that they try to align patient expectations with reality. These findings suggest that CAM providers are similar in this respect to conventional medical providers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Some researchers think that patients with higher expectations for CAM therapies experience better outcomes and that enthusiastic providers can enhance treatment outcomes. This is in contrast to evidence suggesting conventional medical providers often reorient patient expectations to better match what providers believe to be realistic. However, there is a paucity of research on CAM providers' views of their patients' expectations regarding CAM therapy and the role of these expectations in patient outcomes. METHODS: To better understand how CAM providers view and respond to their patients' expectations of a particular therapy, we conducted 32 semi-structured, qualitative interviews with acupuncturists, chiropractors, massage therapists and yoga instructors identified through convenience sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically using Atlas ti version 6.1. RESULTS: CAM providers reported that they attempt to ensure that their patients' expectations are realistic. Providers indicated they manage their patients' expectations in a number of domains- roles and responsibilities of providers and patients, treatment outcomes, timeframe for improvement, and treatment experience. Providers reported that patients' expectations change over time and that they need to continually manage these expectations to enhance patient engagement and satisfaction with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Providers of four types of CAM therapies viewed patients' expectations as an important component of their experiences with CAM therapy and indicated that they try to align patient expectations with reality. These findings suggest that CAM providers are similar in this respect to conventional medical providers. |
Richman, Alice R; Daley, Ellen M; Baldwin, Julie A; Kromrey, Jeff; O'Rourke, Kathleen; Perrin, Kay Contraception, 86 (4), pp. 370-375, 2012. @article{Richman2012, title = {The role of pharmacists and emergency contraception: Are pharmacists' perceptions of emergency contraception predictive of their dispensing practices?}, author = {Alice R Richman and Ellen M Daley and Julie A Baldwin and Jeff Kromrey and Kathleen O'Rourke and Kay Perrin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386228}, doi = {10.1016/j.contraception.2012.01.014}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-10-01}, journal = {Contraception}, volume = {86}, number = {4}, pages = {370-375}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pharmacists can play a critical role in the access to emergency contraception (EC). We assessed if knowledge and attitudes were predictive of EC dispensing among a statewide sample of Florida pharmacists, who have legal authority to refuse to dispense medications. STUDY DESIGN: In 2008, surveys were mailed to a random sample of 1264 pharmacists registered with the Florida Board of Pharmacy. Data from 272 pharmacists (22% response rate) were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of respondents incorrectly answered that EC causes birth defects, and 46% replied that it causes abortion. Only 22% said that EC can be purchased in advance of need. Many felt uncomfortable dispensing to adolescents (61%) and men (58%). Knowledge about EC was the most important predictor of dispensing [odds ratio (OR)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-2.03]. In particular, pharmacists who reported that EC does not act as an abortifacient were more likely to dispense it (OR=4.64, 95% CI 2.15-10.00). CONCLUSIONS: Correct information about EC was the most important predictor of pharmacists' dispensing EC. To expand availability of EC, pharmacists will have to become better informed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Pharmacists can play a critical role in the access to emergency contraception (EC). We assessed if knowledge and attitudes were predictive of EC dispensing among a statewide sample of Florida pharmacists, who have legal authority to refuse to dispense medications. STUDY DESIGN: In 2008, surveys were mailed to a random sample of 1264 pharmacists registered with the Florida Board of Pharmacy. Data from 272 pharmacists (22% response rate) were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of respondents incorrectly answered that EC causes birth defects, and 46% replied that it causes abortion. Only 22% said that EC can be purchased in advance of need. Many felt uncomfortable dispensing to adolescents (61%) and men (58%). Knowledge about EC was the most important predictor of dispensing [odds ratio (OR)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-2.03]. In particular, pharmacists who reported that EC does not act as an abortifacient were more likely to dispense it (OR=4.64, 95% CI 2.15-10.00). CONCLUSIONS: Correct information about EC was the most important predictor of pharmacists' dispensing EC. To expand availability of EC, pharmacists will have to become better informed. |
Marhefka, Stephanie L; Fuhrmann, Hollie J; Gilliam, Patricia; Lopez, Bernice; Baldwin, Julie A AIDS and Behavior, 16 (7), pp. 1961-1969, 2012. @article{Marhefka2012, title = {Interest in, concerns about, and preferences for potential video-group delivery of an effective behavioral intervention among women living with HIV}, author = {Stephanie L Marhefka and Hollie J Fuhrmann and Patricia Gilliam and Bernice Lopez and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947780}, doi = {10.1007/s10461-011-0040-x}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-10-01}, journal = {AIDS and Behavior}, volume = {16}, number = {7}, pages = {1961-1969}, abstract = {Novel strategies are needed to expand access to effective behavioral interventions for HIV prevention. Delivering effective group-based interventions to people living with HIV using video-conferencing technology is an innovative approach that may address this need, but has not been explored. Twenty-seven women living with HIV (WLH) who had just completed Healthy Relationships, a group-based behavioral program for WLH, participated in focus groups to share their thoughts about potentially participating in Healthy Relationships via a video-conferencing group. Overall, WLH supported the idea of video-group delivery of the program. They had numerous questions about logistics, expressed concerns about safety and confidentiality, and indicated a preference for accessing video-groups via special video-phones versus computers. Findings warrant further research into the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of video-group delivery of HIV prevention interventions and suggest important considerations for researchers and practitioners who may employ video-conferencing for intervention delivery.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Novel strategies are needed to expand access to effective behavioral interventions for HIV prevention. Delivering effective group-based interventions to people living with HIV using video-conferencing technology is an innovative approach that may address this need, but has not been explored. Twenty-seven women living with HIV (WLH) who had just completed Healthy Relationships, a group-based behavioral program for WLH, participated in focus groups to share their thoughts about potentially participating in Healthy Relationships via a video-conferencing group. Overall, WLH supported the idea of video-group delivery of the program. They had numerous questions about logistics, expressed concerns about safety and confidentiality, and indicated a preference for accessing video-groups via special video-phones versus computers. Findings warrant further research into the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of video-group delivery of HIV prevention interventions and suggest important considerations for researchers and practitioners who may employ video-conferencing for intervention delivery. |
Trudnak, Tara; Melton, Stephanie T; Simpson, Lisa; Baldwin, Julie A The childhood obesity response in Florida: where do we stand? Journal Article Childhood Obesity, 8 (3), pp. 237-242, 2012. @article{Trudnak2012, title = {The childhood obesity response in Florida: where do we stand?}, author = {Tara Trudnak and Stephanie T Melton and Lisa Simpson and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22799550}, doi = {10.1089/chi.2011.0069}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-06-01}, journal = {Childhood Obesity}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {237-242}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a major public health problem that is the focus of many child health programs and policies throughout the nation. Florida in particular has high rates of childhood obesity and inconsistent policies to address the issue. This paper examines the scope and challenge of addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in Florida from the perspective of childhood obesity stakeholders. METHODS: As part of a larger assessment of the health of Florida's children for the Florida Child Health and Healthcare Quality Chartbook, the authors conducted focus groups and interviews with stakeholders from private and public organizations. The stakeholders represented healthcare providers, state and local agencies, and community-based programs that address nutrition and physical activity education, access to healthcare, health screenings, and environmental and policy change related to preventing childhood obesity. RESULTS: Stakeholders identified best practices, challenges, barriers, and priorities for addressing childhood obesity. Multilevel approaches, emphasizing the family were identified as best practices, along with the need for environmental policy change. Funding and a need for data were identified as the biggest challenges, while overcoming barriers such as myths and misinformation and developing a unified obesity message were identified as motivators. CONCLUSIONS: The major findings indicate that, although positive progress is being made in specific communities, a coordinated and comprehensive response is needed. To create policy and normative change, a statewide, multilevel framework is needed with a unifying message to better target policymakers. The framework should include targeted efforts at all levels that include education, promotion and environmental policy change.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a major public health problem that is the focus of many child health programs and policies throughout the nation. Florida in particular has high rates of childhood obesity and inconsistent policies to address the issue. This paper examines the scope and challenge of addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in Florida from the perspective of childhood obesity stakeholders. METHODS: As part of a larger assessment of the health of Florida's children for the Florida Child Health and Healthcare Quality Chartbook, the authors conducted focus groups and interviews with stakeholders from private and public organizations. The stakeholders represented healthcare providers, state and local agencies, and community-based programs that address nutrition and physical activity education, access to healthcare, health screenings, and environmental and policy change related to preventing childhood obesity. RESULTS: Stakeholders identified best practices, challenges, barriers, and priorities for addressing childhood obesity. Multilevel approaches, emphasizing the family were identified as best practices, along with the need for environmental policy change. Funding and a need for data were identified as the biggest challenges, while overcoming barriers such as myths and misinformation and developing a unified obesity message were identified as motivators. CONCLUSIONS: The major findings indicate that, although positive progress is being made in specific communities, a coordinated and comprehensive response is needed. To create policy and normative change, a statewide, multilevel framework is needed with a unifying message to better target policymakers. The framework should include targeted efforts at all levels that include education, promotion and environmental policy change. |
Ingram, Maia; Reinschmidt, Kerstin M; Schachter, Ken A; Davidson, Chris L; Sabo, Samantha; Zapien, Jill Guernsey De; Carvajal, Scott C Establishing a professional profile of community health workers: results from a national study of roles, activities and training Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 37 (2), pp. 529-537, 2012. @article{Ingram2012, title = {Establishing a professional profile of community health workers: results from a national study of roles, activities and training}, author = {Maia Ingram and Kerstin M Reinschmidt and Ken A Schachter and Chris L Davidson and Samantha Sabo and Jill Guernsey De Zapien and Scott C Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964912}, doi = {10.1007/s10900-011-9475-2}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-04-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {529-537}, abstract = {Community Health Workers (CHWs) have gained national recognition for their role in addressing health disparities and are increasingly integrated into the health care delivery system. There is a lack of consensus, however, regarding empirical evidence on the impact of CHW interventions on health outcomes. In this paper, we present results from the 2010 National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey (NCHWAS) in an effort to strengthen a generalized understanding of the CHW profession that can be integrated into ongoing efforts to improve the health care delivery system. Results indicate that regardless of geographical location, work setting, and demographic characteristics, CHWs generally share similar professional characteristics, training preparation, and job activities. CHWs are likely to be female, representative of the community they serve, and to work in community health centers, clinics, community-based organizations, and health departments. The most common type of training is on-the-job and conference training. Most CHWs work with clients, groups, other CHWs and less frequently community leaders to address health issues, the most common of which are chronic disease, prevention and health care access. Descriptions of CHW activities documented in the survey demonstrate that CHWs apply core competencies in a synergistic manner in an effort to assure that their clients get the services they need. NCHWAS findings suggest that over the past 50 years, the CHW field has become standardized in response to the unmet needs of their communities. In research and practice, the field would benefit from being considered a health profession rather than an intervention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Community Health Workers (CHWs) have gained national recognition for their role in addressing health disparities and are increasingly integrated into the health care delivery system. There is a lack of consensus, however, regarding empirical evidence on the impact of CHW interventions on health outcomes. In this paper, we present results from the 2010 National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey (NCHWAS) in an effort to strengthen a generalized understanding of the CHW profession that can be integrated into ongoing efforts to improve the health care delivery system. Results indicate that regardless of geographical location, work setting, and demographic characteristics, CHWs generally share similar professional characteristics, training preparation, and job activities. CHWs are likely to be female, representative of the community they serve, and to work in community health centers, clinics, community-based organizations, and health departments. The most common type of training is on-the-job and conference training. Most CHWs work with clients, groups, other CHWs and less frequently community leaders to address health issues, the most common of which are chronic disease, prevention and health care access. Descriptions of CHW activities documented in the survey demonstrate that CHWs apply core competencies in a synergistic manner in an effort to assure that their clients get the services they need. NCHWAS findings suggest that over the past 50 years, the CHW field has become standardized in response to the unmet needs of their communities. In research and practice, the field would benefit from being considered a health profession rather than an intervention. |
Brown, Betty G; Baldwin, Julie A; Walsh, Margaret L Health disparities among under-served populations: Implications for research, policy and praxis, pp. 3-47, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012. @inbook{Brown2012, title = {Putting Tribal Nations First: Historical Trends, Current Needs, and Future Directions in Substance Use Prevention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youths}, author = {Betty G Brown and Julie A Baldwin and Margaret L Walsh}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/S1479-358X%282012%290000009006}, doi = {10.1108/S1479-358X(2012)0000009006}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, booktitle = {Health disparities among under-served populations: Implications for research, policy and praxis}, journal = {Advances in Education in Diverse Communities: Research, Policy and Praxis}, pages = {3-47}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, abstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the substance use disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth, the contributing factors to these disparities, proven and promising approaches through strengths-based methods, barriers to implementation of prevention and treatment efforts, and future recommendations for effective programs and research. Approach – We have conducted a thorough literature review of relevant research studies, as well as a review of government, tribal, and community-based curricula and resources. This review of programs is not exhaustive but provides several examples of best practices in the field and suggestions for future directions. Social implications – We strongly advocate that to accurately explore the true etiology of substance abuse and to respond to the concerns that AI/AN have prioritized, it is necessary to utilize a strengths-based approach and draw upon traditional AI/AN perspectives and values, and active community participation in the process. More specifically, prevention and treatment programs should use methods that incorporate elders or intergenerational approaches; foster individual and family skills-building; promote traditional healing methods to recognize and treat historical, cultural, and intergenerational and personal trauma; focus on early intervention; and tailor efforts to each Native nation or community. Value – Ultimately, to reduce substance abuse disparities in AI/AN youth, we must find better ways to merge traditional Native practices with western behavioral health to ensure cultural competency, as well as to develop mechanisms to effect system- and policy-level changes that reduce barriers to care and promote the well-being of AI/AN youth, families, and communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the substance use disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth, the contributing factors to these disparities, proven and promising approaches through strengths-based methods, barriers to implementation of prevention and treatment efforts, and future recommendations for effective programs and research. Approach – We have conducted a thorough literature review of relevant research studies, as well as a review of government, tribal, and community-based curricula and resources. This review of programs is not exhaustive but provides several examples of best practices in the field and suggestions for future directions. Social implications – We strongly advocate that to accurately explore the true etiology of substance abuse and to respond to the concerns that AI/AN have prioritized, it is necessary to utilize a strengths-based approach and draw upon traditional AI/AN perspectives and values, and active community participation in the process. More specifically, prevention and treatment programs should use methods that incorporate elders or intergenerational approaches; foster individual and family skills-building; promote traditional healing methods to recognize and treat historical, cultural, and intergenerational and personal trauma; focus on early intervention; and tailor efforts to each Native nation or community. Value – Ultimately, to reduce substance abuse disparities in AI/AN youth, we must find better ways to merge traditional Native practices with western behavioral health to ensure cultural competency, as well as to develop mechanisms to effect system- and policy-level changes that reduce barriers to care and promote the well-being of AI/AN youth, families, and communities. |
Briody, Elizabeth; Pester, Tracy Meerwarth; Trotter, Robert A story's impact on organizational‐culture change Journal Article Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25 (1), pp. 67-87, 2012. @article{Briody2012, title = {A story's impact on organizational‐culture change}, author = {Elizabeth Briody and Tracy Meerwarth Pester and Robert Trotter}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09534811211199600}, doi = {10.1108/09534811211199600}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Organizational Change Management}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {67-87}, abstract = {Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explain the successful implementation of organizational applications, and ensuing organizational change, based on a story from a GM manufacturing plant. Design/methodology/approach – The approach involved collecting and analyzing the Hoist Story as part of a multi‐year ethnographic research project designed to identify the key attributes in an ideal plant culture. Through a cooperative process of co‐production, the authors worked in tandem with organizational members on issues related to organizational‐culture change. Findings – The findings emphasize both the Hoist Story's process impact and outcome impact. The Hoist Story was a catalyst for the change process, resulting in a high level of buy‐in across the organization; as such it contrasts with much of the management literature on “planned change.” It also led to the development of several “packaged products” (e.g. a story script, video, collaboration tools) which propelled GM manufacturing culture closer to its ideal – a culture of collaboration. Using employee stories as a means to understand and drive culture change is a largely underdeveloped area of scholarship. Originality/value – This paper provides value by bridging the gap between theory and praxis. It includes the documentation and cultural analysis of the story, but illustrates how the story evolved into specific organizational‐culture‐change applications. This “soup‐to‐nuts” approach can serve as a model for organizational researchers and change agents interested in spearheading or supporting organizational‐culture change.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explain the successful implementation of organizational applications, and ensuing organizational change, based on a story from a GM manufacturing plant. Design/methodology/approach – The approach involved collecting and analyzing the Hoist Story as part of a multi‐year ethnographic research project designed to identify the key attributes in an ideal plant culture. Through a cooperative process of co‐production, the authors worked in tandem with organizational members on issues related to organizational‐culture change. Findings – The findings emphasize both the Hoist Story's process impact and outcome impact. The Hoist Story was a catalyst for the change process, resulting in a high level of buy‐in across the organization; as such it contrasts with much of the management literature on “planned change.” It also led to the development of several “packaged products” (e.g. a story script, video, collaboration tools) which propelled GM manufacturing culture closer to its ideal – a culture of collaboration. Using employee stories as a means to understand and drive culture change is a largely underdeveloped area of scholarship. Originality/value – This paper provides value by bridging the gap between theory and praxis. It includes the documentation and cultural analysis of the story, but illustrates how the story evolved into specific organizational‐culture‐change applications. This “soup‐to‐nuts” approach can serve as a model for organizational researchers and change agents interested in spearheading or supporting organizational‐culture change. |
2011 |
Trotter, Robert Applied Medical Anthropology: Praxis, Pragmatics, Politics, and Promises Book Chapter A Companion to Medical Anthropology, Chapter 3, pp. 49-68, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. @inbook{Trotter2011, title = {Applied Medical Anthropology: Praxis, Pragmatics, Politics, and Promises}, author = {Robert Trotter}, url = {https://nau.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/applied-medical-anthropology-praxis-pragmatics-politics-and-promi}, doi = {10.1002/9781444395303.ch3}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-07-14}, booktitle = {A Companion to Medical Anthropology}, pages = {49-68}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {Applied medical anthropology is a natural extension of basic anthropology theory and methods into a practical exploration of the relationships between culture, society, health, healing, and the definition of distress and disease, with the ultimate goal of deliberately improving health, healing, medicine, and the overall well being of individuals, communities, cultures, and societies. Modern applied medical anthropology has its roots in the earliest exploration of cultural differences in the common everyday experiences that shape peoples’ lives (Rylko-Bauer et al. 2006). While some areas of anthropological research draw heavily on a relatively narrow range of theory and methods, applied medical anthropology tends to draw from all of the primary and secondary areas of anthropological theory. This empirical and eclectic approach often produces crucial new links between different theoretical perspectives and viewpoints within anthropology. It also challenges, supports, expands, and even defeats theoretical paradigms from psychology, economics, political science, public health, epidemiology, and other parts of the biomedical and health research spectrum.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Applied medical anthropology is a natural extension of basic anthropology theory and methods into a practical exploration of the relationships between culture, society, health, healing, and the definition of distress and disease, with the ultimate goal of deliberately improving health, healing, medicine, and the overall well being of individuals, communities, cultures, and societies. Modern applied medical anthropology has its roots in the earliest exploration of cultural differences in the common everyday experiences that shape peoples’ lives (Rylko-Bauer et al. 2006). While some areas of anthropological research draw heavily on a relatively narrow range of theory and methods, applied medical anthropology tends to draw from all of the primary and secondary areas of anthropological theory. This empirical and eclectic approach often produces crucial new links between different theoretical perspectives and viewpoints within anthropology. It also challenges, supports, expands, and even defeats theoretical paradigms from psychology, economics, political science, public health, epidemiology, and other parts of the biomedical and health research spectrum. |
Bletzer, Keith V; Yuan, Nicole P; Koss, Mary P; Polacca, Mona; Eaves, Emery R; Goldman, David Taking humor seriously: talking about drinking in Native American focus groups Journal Article Medical Anthropology, 30 (3), pp. 295-318, 2011. @article{Bletzer2011, title = {Taking humor seriously: talking about drinking in Native American focus groups}, author = {Keith V Bletzer and Nicole P Yuan and Mary P Koss and Mona Polacca and Emery R Eaves and David Goldman}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21590583}, doi = {10.1080/01459740.2011.560584}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-05-01}, journal = {Medical Anthropology}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, pages = {295-318}, abstract = {Focus groups provide a source of data that highlight community ideas on a topic of interest. How interview data will be utilized varies by project. With this in mind, we identify ways that focus group data from a particular population (Native American) articulate a health issue of individual tribal concern (alcohol consumption). Taking our analytic framework from linguistics, one of the four fields of inquiry in anthropology, we examine format ties and the performance of humor as stylistic features of tribal focus groups and illustrate how linguistic devices can be used in analyzing aspects of adolescent and adult drinking. Focus group data require systematic review and analysis to identify useful findings that can lead to inquiry points to initiate collaborative work with local experts before the data can be developed and configured into effective program initiatives.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Focus groups provide a source of data that highlight community ideas on a topic of interest. How interview data will be utilized varies by project. With this in mind, we identify ways that focus group data from a particular population (Native American) articulate a health issue of individual tribal concern (alcohol consumption). Taking our analytic framework from linguistics, one of the four fields of inquiry in anthropology, we examine format ties and the performance of humor as stylistic features of tribal focus groups and illustrate how linguistic devices can be used in analyzing aspects of adolescent and adult drinking. Focus group data require systematic review and analysis to identify useful findings that can lead to inquiry points to initiate collaborative work with local experts before the data can be developed and configured into effective program initiatives. |
Nickelson, Jen; Alfonso, Moya L; McDermott, Robert J; Bumpus, Elizabeth C; Bryant, Carol A; Baldwin, Julie A Characteristics of 'tween' participants and non-participants in the VERB™ summer scorecard physical activity promotion program Journal Article Health Education Research, 26 (2), pp. 225-238, 2011. @article{Nickelson2011, title = {Characteristics of 'tween' participants and non-participants in the VERB™ summer scorecard physical activity promotion program}, author = {Jen Nickelson and Moya L Alfonso and Robert J McDermott and Elizabeth C Bumpus and Carol A Bryant and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21303817}, doi = {10.1093/her/cyq089}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-04-01}, journal = {Health Education Research}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {225-238}, abstract = {Creating community-based opportunities for youth to be physically active is challenging for many municipalities. A Lexington, Kentucky community coalition designed and piloted a physical activity program, 'VERB™ summer scorecard (VSS)', leveraging the brand equity of the national VERB™--It's What You Do! campaign. Key elements of VSS subsequently were adopted in Sarasota County, FL. This study identified characteristics of Sarasota's VSS participants and non-participants. Students in Grades 5-8 from six randomly selected public schools completed a survey assessing VSS participation, physical activity level, psychosocial variables, parental support for physical activity and demographics. Logistic regression showed that VSS participants were more likely to be from Grades 5 to 6 versus Grades 7 and 8 [odds ratio (OR) = 6.055] and perceive high versus low parental support for physical activity (OR = 4.627). Moreover, for each unit rise in self-efficacy, the odds of VSS participation rose by 1.839. Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis suggested an interaction effect between grade and school socioeconomic status (SES), with a large proportion of seventh and eighth graders from high SES schools being non-participants (76.6%). A VSS-style program can be expected to be more effective with tweens who are younger, in a middle SES school, having high self-efficacy and high parental support for physical activity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Creating community-based opportunities for youth to be physically active is challenging for many municipalities. A Lexington, Kentucky community coalition designed and piloted a physical activity program, 'VERB™ summer scorecard (VSS)', leveraging the brand equity of the national VERB™--It's What You Do! campaign. Key elements of VSS subsequently were adopted in Sarasota County, FL. This study identified characteristics of Sarasota's VSS participants and non-participants. Students in Grades 5-8 from six randomly selected public schools completed a survey assessing VSS participation, physical activity level, psychosocial variables, parental support for physical activity and demographics. Logistic regression showed that VSS participants were more likely to be from Grades 5 to 6 versus Grades 7 and 8 [odds ratio (OR) = 6.055] and perceive high versus low parental support for physical activity (OR = 4.627). Moreover, for each unit rise in self-efficacy, the odds of VSS participation rose by 1.839. Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis suggested an interaction effect between grade and school socioeconomic status (SES), with a large proportion of seventh and eighth graders from high SES schools being non-participants (76.6%). A VSS-style program can be expected to be more effective with tweens who are younger, in a middle SES school, having high self-efficacy and high parental support for physical activity. |
Cornejo, Elsa; Denman, Catalina A; Sabo, Samantha; de Zapién, Jill; Rosales, Cecilia Scoping Review of Community Health Worker/Promotora-Based Chronic Disease Primary Prevention Programs on the U.S.-Mexico Border Technical Report Avance de Investigación El Colegio de Sonora 2011. @techreport{Cornejo2011, title = {Scoping Review of Community Health Worker/Promotora-Based Chronic Disease Primary Prevention Programs on the U.S.-Mexico Border}, author = {Elsa Cornejo and Catalina A Denman and Samantha Sabo and Jill de Zapién and Cecilia Rosales}, url = {http://www.academia.edu/1222647/Chronic_Disease_Primary_Prevention_Programs_on_the_US-Mexico_Border}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-04-01}, institution = {Avance de Investigación El Colegio de Sonora}, organization = {U.S.-Mexico Border Center of Excellence to Counter Chronic Disease}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The transformation of the epidemiologic profile at the turn of the century, coupled with the continuing increase of chronic disease worldwide, has serious impacts on the personal, sociocultural and economic costs of disease (who 2008). Complex issues and interactions at the U.S.- Mexico border, including health systems disparities, an intense exchange between a diversity of cultures, the paradoxes of global interdependence, and a shared impact of disease make effective chronic disease prevention a challenge (Rodríguez-Saldaña 2005). Knowledge is required about available health promotion resources in the region and how they navigate across and within nations and communities (Bowman and Vinicor 2005). This report identifies the need to develop, implement, evaluate and reproduce effective, sustainable community-based interventions in order to successfully reinforce and increase the implementation of necessary health promotion activities, including primary and secondary prevention to counter chronic disease. It is rooted in other reviews which have recognized the success of community health workers (chws)/promotoras de salud1 in promoting healthy lifestyle changes and reducing the burden of chronic disease (Gibbons and Tyrus 2007; Lewin et al. 2005; Nemcek and Sabatier 2003; Swider 2002). The specific objectives of this report are to: • identify existing community health worker chronic disease primary prevention programs2 on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border; • describe how they measure success and/or effectiveness and discuss what evidence-based programs could be implemented in other sites; • understand the issues of empowerment, advocacy and the role of promotoras and health institutions in chronic disease prevention, and • explore the interaction between national and local public health policy}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The transformation of the epidemiologic profile at the turn of the century, coupled with the continuing increase of chronic disease worldwide, has serious impacts on the personal, sociocultural and economic costs of disease (who 2008). Complex issues and interactions at the U.S.- Mexico border, including health systems disparities, an intense exchange between a diversity of cultures, the paradoxes of global interdependence, and a shared impact of disease make effective chronic disease prevention a challenge (Rodríguez-Saldaña 2005). Knowledge is required about available health promotion resources in the region and how they navigate across and within nations and communities (Bowman and Vinicor 2005). This report identifies the need to develop, implement, evaluate and reproduce effective, sustainable community-based interventions in order to successfully reinforce and increase the implementation of necessary health promotion activities, including primary and secondary prevention to counter chronic disease. It is rooted in other reviews which have recognized the success of community health workers (chws)/promotoras de salud1 in promoting healthy lifestyle changes and reducing the burden of chronic disease (Gibbons and Tyrus 2007; Lewin et al. 2005; Nemcek and Sabatier 2003; Swider 2002). The specific objectives of this report are to: • identify existing community health worker chronic disease primary prevention programs2 on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border; • describe how they measure success and/or effectiveness and discuss what evidence-based programs could be implemented in other sites; • understand the issues of empowerment, advocacy and the role of promotoras and health institutions in chronic disease prevention, and • explore the interaction between national and local public health policy |
Trotter, Robert; Chavira, Juan A Curanderismo: Mexican American Folk Healing Book 2, University of Georgia Press, 2011, ISBN: 0820340715. @book{Trotter2011b, title = {Curanderismo: Mexican American Folk Healing}, author = {Robert Trotter and Juan A Chavira}, url = {http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/curanderismo/}, isbn = {0820340715}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-03-15}, publisher = {University of Georgia Press}, edition = {2}, abstract = {The practice of curanderismo, or Mexican American folk medicine, is part of a historically and culturally important health care system deeply rooted in native Mexican healing techniques. This is the first book to describe the practice from an insider's point of view, based on the authors' three-year apprenticeships with curanderos (healers). Robert T. Trotter and Juan Antonio Chavira present an intimate view of not only how curanderismo is practiced but also how it is learned and passed on as a healing tradition. By providing a better understanding of why curanderos continue to be in demand despite the lifesaving capabilities of modern medicine, this text will serve as an indispensable resource to health professionals who work within Mexican American communities, to students of transcultural medicine, and to urban ethnologists and medical anthropologists.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } The practice of curanderismo, or Mexican American folk medicine, is part of a historically and culturally important health care system deeply rooted in native Mexican healing techniques. This is the first book to describe the practice from an insider's point of view, based on the authors' three-year apprenticeships with curanderos (healers). Robert T. Trotter and Juan Antonio Chavira present an intimate view of not only how curanderismo is practiced but also how it is learned and passed on as a healing tradition. By providing a better understanding of why curanderos continue to be in demand despite the lifesaving capabilities of modern medicine, this text will serve as an indispensable resource to health professionals who work within Mexican American communities, to students of transcultural medicine, and to urban ethnologists and medical anthropologists. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette Community-based participatory research and the academic system of rewards Journal Article Virtual Mentor- American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, 13 (2), pp. 118-123, 2011. @article{Teufel-Shone2011, title = {Community-based participatory research and the academic system of rewards}, author = {Nicolette Teufel-Shone}, url = {http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2011/02/pfor1-1102.html}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-02-01}, journal = {Virtual Mentor- American Medical Association Journal of Ethics}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {118-123}, abstract = {The National Institute of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), and other primary funders of health-related research have identified community-based participatory research (CBPR) as essential to deepening our scientific knowledge of health promotion and disease prevention and reducing racial and ethnic health disparities [2-5]. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has named CBPR as one of eight competencies for all health professional students [6]. Yet, as an expanding cohort of junior university-based CBP researchers proceed through the academic system—specifically through the promotion and tenure process—many continue to be reviewed using the standards developed for non-CBP researchers. As stated in Calleson et al.’s seminal article recommending change, “If we want faculty to be involved in communities but reward them for other activities, we are our own worst enemies” [7].}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The National Institute of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), and other primary funders of health-related research have identified community-based participatory research (CBPR) as essential to deepening our scientific knowledge of health promotion and disease prevention and reducing racial and ethnic health disparities [2-5]. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has named CBPR as one of eight competencies for all health professional students [6]. Yet, as an expanding cohort of junior university-based CBP researchers proceed through the academic system—specifically through the promotion and tenure process—many continue to be reviewed using the standards developed for non-CBP researchers. As stated in Calleson et al.’s seminal article recommending change, “If we want faculty to be involved in communities but reward them for other activities, we are our own worst enemies” [7]. |
Baldwin, Julie A; Brown, Betty G; Wayment, Heidi A; Nez, Ramona Antone; Brelsford, Kathleen M Culture and context: buffering the relationship between stressful life events and risky behaviors in American Indian youth Journal Article Substance Use and Misuse, 46 (11), pp. 1380-1394, 2011. @article{Baldwin2011, title = {Culture and context: buffering the relationship between stressful life events and risky behaviors in American Indian youth}, author = {Julie A Baldwin and Betty G Brown and Heidi A Wayment and Ramona Antone Nez and Kathleen M Brelsford}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810073}, doi = {10.3109/10826084.2011.592432}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Substance Use and Misuse}, volume = {46}, number = {11}, pages = {1380-1394}, abstract = {The Sacred Mountain Youth Project was conducted to investigate risk and protective factors related to alcohol and drug use among American Indian youth. Findings indicated that stressful life events were positively associated with depressed mood, substance use, and risky behavior; cultural identity had no direct effects, but a secondary model showed that social support and protective family and peer influences were related to cultural identity. These findings suggest that the relationships between stressors and their negative sequelae are complex. Emphasis on protective processes that are culturally specific to American Indian youth may lead to effective alcohol and drug use prevention programs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Sacred Mountain Youth Project was conducted to investigate risk and protective factors related to alcohol and drug use among American Indian youth. Findings indicated that stressful life events were positively associated with depressed mood, substance use, and risky behavior; cultural identity had no direct effects, but a secondary model showed that social support and protective family and peer influences were related to cultural identity. These findings suggest that the relationships between stressors and their negative sequelae are complex. Emphasis on protective processes that are culturally specific to American Indian youth may lead to effective alcohol and drug use prevention programs. |
Sanderson, Priscilla R; Weinstein, Neil; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Martínez, María Elena Assessing colorectal cancer screening knowledge at tribal fairs Journal Article Preventing Chronic Disease, 8 (1), pp. 1-10, 2011. @article{Sanderson2011, title = {Assessing colorectal cancer screening knowledge at tribal fairs}, author = {Priscilla R Sanderson and Neil Weinstein and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and María Elena Martínez}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159228}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Preventing Chronic Disease}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Increasing public awareness and knowledge about the need for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among American Indians is key to reducing health disparities. The objective of this study was to assess Navajo adults' knowledge of CRC risk factors and prevention, CRC screening, and self-reported experience with CRC screening. METHODS: We collected data generated by a self-administered survey given to Navajo adults, most of whom lived on the reservation. Data were collected at 2 annual tribal fairs in 2006. Fair attendees who visited an exhibit booth completed a CRC knowledge survey. The study design was nonrandomized. RESULTS: Of the 285 Navajo adults who participated, most were bilingual (74%) and female (80%). Of the respondents aged 50 years or older, 77% had heard of CRC screening and 28% reported being screened for colon or colorectal cancer. Knowledge was high (mean, 5.78 [standard deviation (SD), 1.28]) (8.0 was the highest possible knowledge score). Respondents with little or no formal schooling had lower scores (mean, 5.4), indicating less knowledge of CRC and associated screening tests than did those with more education (mean, 6.0). CONCLUSION: Among a sample of Navajo adults aged 50 years or older, participants with more education were more likely to be knowledgeable about CRC and to have received screening. This survey, led by a Navajo investigator with Navajo surveyors, revealed a high awareness of CRC and screening, but overall CRC screening was low. CRC education for Navajo adults who have little or no formal schooling should be improved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Increasing public awareness and knowledge about the need for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among American Indians is key to reducing health disparities. The objective of this study was to assess Navajo adults' knowledge of CRC risk factors and prevention, CRC screening, and self-reported experience with CRC screening. METHODS: We collected data generated by a self-administered survey given to Navajo adults, most of whom lived on the reservation. Data were collected at 2 annual tribal fairs in 2006. Fair attendees who visited an exhibit booth completed a CRC knowledge survey. The study design was nonrandomized. RESULTS: Of the 285 Navajo adults who participated, most were bilingual (74%) and female (80%). Of the respondents aged 50 years or older, 77% had heard of CRC screening and 28% reported being screened for colon or colorectal cancer. Knowledge was high (mean, 5.78 [standard deviation (SD), 1.28]) (8.0 was the highest possible knowledge score). Respondents with little or no formal schooling had lower scores (mean, 5.4), indicating less knowledge of CRC and associated screening tests than did those with more education (mean, 6.0). CONCLUSION: Among a sample of Navajo adults aged 50 years or older, participants with more education were more likely to be knowledgeable about CRC and to have received screening. This survey, led by a Navajo investigator with Navajo surveyors, revealed a high awareness of CRC and screening, but overall CRC screening was low. CRC education for Navajo adults who have little or no formal schooling should be improved. |
McDermott, Robert J; Baldwin, Julie A; Bryant, Carol A; DeBate, Rita D Intervention methods for chronic disease control Book Chapter 8 (1), pp. 59-94, American Public Health Association, 3, 2011, ISBN: 978-0875531922. @inbook{McDermott2011, title = {Intervention methods for chronic disease control}, author = {Robert J McDermott and Julie A Baldwin and Carol A Bryant and Rita D DeBate}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044036/?report=classic}, isbn = {978-0875531922}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {59-94}, publisher = {American Public Health Association}, edition = {3}, abstract = {The third edition of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Control presents an updated compendium of contributions from a diverse group of public health professionals with expertise in chronic disease causation, prevention, and intervention. The book targets varied readers, from those in academia to those in public health practice. It provides a well-organized overview of the life course of major chronic diseases. Matthew McKenna and Janet Collins set the foundation for the importance of the topic by stressing that “the course of a chronic disease can be viewed as a continuum from the ‘upstream’ social and environmental determinants, to behavioral risk factors, chronic conditions, chronic diseases, and, finally, impairment, disability and ultimately death.” The overview discusses social determinants leading to risk factors for chronic conditions. The book is divided into 4 sections that help guide the reader through the chronic disease continuum: public health approaches, selected chronic disease risk factors, major chronic conditions, and major chronic diseases. Each section offers an objective and neutral discussion of featured topics. Public health approaches, for example, deal with issues and challenges in chronic disease control, epidemiologic methods, interventions, and surveillance. The authors comprehensively cover current knowledge, evidence-based best practices, and suggestions for future research related to the evolution of major chronic diseases. The book’s intended audience is most likely familiar with the subject matter. Some chronic disease experts may feel that this is all familiar terrain because the discussion centers on the more widespread risk factors and conditions. However, the strength of the book is its organization and layout. The editors and contributing writers have provided an efficiently organized and comprehensive overview of the most salient chronic disease issues, making for easy reading. Each section stands alone but flows to the next coherently; the reader is barely aware that the chapters of each section are written by different people. The intrinsic value of this thoughtful and up-to-date collection is its usefulness as a reference for readers who are navigating the nuances of chronic diseases issues. As a member of the target audience, I gained a better understanding of the life course trajectory of major chronic diseases and was reminded of the well-known but often forgotten notion that chronic diseases are preventable rather than inevitable.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } The third edition of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Control presents an updated compendium of contributions from a diverse group of public health professionals with expertise in chronic disease causation, prevention, and intervention. The book targets varied readers, from those in academia to those in public health practice. It provides a well-organized overview of the life course of major chronic diseases. Matthew McKenna and Janet Collins set the foundation for the importance of the topic by stressing that “the course of a chronic disease can be viewed as a continuum from the ‘upstream’ social and environmental determinants, to behavioral risk factors, chronic conditions, chronic diseases, and, finally, impairment, disability and ultimately death.” The overview discusses social determinants leading to risk factors for chronic conditions. The book is divided into 4 sections that help guide the reader through the chronic disease continuum: public health approaches, selected chronic disease risk factors, major chronic conditions, and major chronic diseases. Each section offers an objective and neutral discussion of featured topics. Public health approaches, for example, deal with issues and challenges in chronic disease control, epidemiologic methods, interventions, and surveillance. The authors comprehensively cover current knowledge, evidence-based best practices, and suggestions for future research related to the evolution of major chronic diseases. The book’s intended audience is most likely familiar with the subject matter. Some chronic disease experts may feel that this is all familiar terrain because the discussion centers on the more widespread risk factors and conditions. However, the strength of the book is its organization and layout. The editors and contributing writers have provided an efficiently organized and comprehensive overview of the most salient chronic disease issues, making for easy reading. Each section stands alone but flows to the next coherently; the reader is barely aware that the chapters of each section are written by different people. The intrinsic value of this thoughtful and up-to-date collection is its usefulness as a reference for readers who are navigating the nuances of chronic diseases issues. As a member of the target audience, I gained a better understanding of the life course trajectory of major chronic diseases and was reminded of the well-known but often forgotten notion that chronic diseases are preventable rather than inevitable. |
2010 |
Yuan, Nicole P; Eaves, Emery R; Koss, Mary P; Polacca, Mona; Bletzer, Keith; Goldman, David "Alcohol is something that been with us like a common cold": community perceptions of American Indian drinking Journal Article Substance Use and Misuse, 45 (12), pp. 1909-1929, 2010. @article{Yuan2010, title = {"Alcohol is something that been with us like a common cold": community perceptions of American Indian drinking}, author = {Nicole P Yuan and Emery R Eaves and Mary P Koss and Mona Polacca and Keith Bletzer and David Goldman}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380555}, doi = {10.3109/10826081003682115}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-10-01}, journal = {Substance Use and Misuse}, volume = {45}, number = {12}, pages = {1909-1929}, abstract = {This study examined tribal members' perspectives on alcohol, risk factors, consequences, and community responses. Focus groups were conducted with five American Indian tribes between 1997 and 2001. Participants were knowledgeable of the cultural lives of their reservation communities. Although there was agreement regarding the pervasiveness of heavy drinking, participants reported different opinions about the meaning of alcohol and appropriate intervention strategies. Three dilemmas were identified, suggesting that community ambivalence may serve as a barrier to reducing problem drinking. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. The study was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study examined tribal members' perspectives on alcohol, risk factors, consequences, and community responses. Focus groups were conducted with five American Indian tribes between 1997 and 2001. Participants were knowledgeable of the cultural lives of their reservation communities. Although there was agreement regarding the pervasiveness of heavy drinking, participants reported different opinions about the meaning of alcohol and appropriate intervention strategies. Three dilemmas were identified, suggesting that community ambivalence may serve as a barrier to reducing problem drinking. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. The study was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. |
Sanderson, Priscilla R; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Baldwin, Julie A; Sandoval, Nellie; Robinson, Frances Breast cancer education for Navajo women: a pilot study evaluating a culturally relevant video Journal Article Journal of Cancer Education, 25 (2), pp. 217-223, 2010. @article{Sanderson2010, title = {Breast cancer education for Navajo women: a pilot study evaluating a culturally relevant video}, author = {Priscilla R Sanderson and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Julie A Baldwin and Nellie Sandoval and Frances Robinson}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20111913}, doi = {10.1007/s13187-009-0036-7}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-06-01}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Education}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {217-223}, abstract = {This pilot study evaluated a culturally specific video designed to teach Navajo women about breast cancer treatment options. Fourteen Navajo women diagnosed with breast cancer and 26 healthcare providers participated in a mixed-method evaluation that documented their perceptions immediately and 6 months after viewing the video. After initial viewing, women reported reduced anxiety about treatment and interest in support groups. Six months later, women said the video prompted them to seek more information from printed sources and their provider. Younger Navajo women who were 44 to 51 years old were more likely to attend support groups than women who were 55-67 years. Providers corroborated the positive effects of the video. The providers believed the video encouraged patients to seek information about breast cancer and to ask questions about treatment plans and side effects. A culturally relevant video for Navajo women can be an effective teaching tool and can enhance patient-provider communication.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This pilot study evaluated a culturally specific video designed to teach Navajo women about breast cancer treatment options. Fourteen Navajo women diagnosed with breast cancer and 26 healthcare providers participated in a mixed-method evaluation that documented their perceptions immediately and 6 months after viewing the video. After initial viewing, women reported reduced anxiety about treatment and interest in support groups. Six months later, women said the video prompted them to seek more information from printed sources and their provider. Younger Navajo women who were 44 to 51 years old were more likely to attend support groups than women who were 55-67 years. Providers corroborated the positive effects of the video. The providers believed the video encouraged patients to seek information about breast cancer and to ask questions about treatment plans and side effects. A culturally relevant video for Navajo women can be an effective teaching tool and can enhance patient-provider communication. |