NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Lemmon, Monica E; Huffstetler, Hanna; Barks, Mary Carol; Kirby, Christine; Katz, Madelaine; Ubel, Peter A; Docherty, Sharron L; Brandon, Debra Neurologic Outcome After Prematurity: Perspectives of Parents and Clinicians. Journal Article American Academy of Pediatrics, 144 (1), 2019. @article{Lemmon2019, title = {Neurologic Outcome After Prematurity: Perspectives of Parents and Clinicians.}, author = {Monica E. Lemmon and Hanna Huffstetler and Mary Carol Barks and Christine Kirby and Madelaine Katz and Peter A. Ubel and Sharron L. Docherty and Debra Brandon}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31248939}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2018-3819}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-01}, journal = { American Academy of Pediatrics}, volume = {144}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Parents and clinicians caring for premature infants face high-stakes and time-sensitive decisions about care. We aimed to characterize how parents and clinicians discuss outcome in the context of decision-making for premature infants. METHODS: In this qualitative descriptive study, we used a case-based, prospective design. Cases of extreme prematurity were targeted. Parents and clinicians completed semistructured interviews about care decisions longitudinally in the first year of life. Interview data were analyzed by using directed content analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen parents and 53 clinicians of 10 infants completed 178 interviews (n = 115 parent; n = 63 clinician). Two primary themes emerged. First, parents and clinicians discussed prognostic information differently from each other. Parents focused on whether their infant would survive, whereas clinicians concentrated on neurologic outcome and the potential for life with disability. Parent discussion of the future was broad and rooted in hope and spirituality. Clinician prognostic language was narrowly focused and probabilistic. Second, we identified barriers and facilitators to a shared understanding of infant outcome. Clinicians perceived that parents were unaware of or unable to process important information about the big picture. Parents valued consistent therapeutic relationships; transitions of care and underused roles of the care team undermined this consistency. Clinical uncertainty forced parents and clinicians to "wait and see" about the future. CONCLUSIONS: Parents and clinicians discuss and weigh information about the future differently from each other as they consider choices for extremely premature infants. Future work should characterize the impact of these differences on prognostic communication and decision-making.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Parents and clinicians caring for premature infants face high-stakes and time-sensitive decisions about care. We aimed to characterize how parents and clinicians discuss outcome in the context of decision-making for premature infants. METHODS: In this qualitative descriptive study, we used a case-based, prospective design. Cases of extreme prematurity were targeted. Parents and clinicians completed semistructured interviews about care decisions longitudinally in the first year of life. Interview data were analyzed by using directed content analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen parents and 53 clinicians of 10 infants completed 178 interviews (n = 115 parent; n = 63 clinician). Two primary themes emerged. First, parents and clinicians discussed prognostic information differently from each other. Parents focused on whether their infant would survive, whereas clinicians concentrated on neurologic outcome and the potential for life with disability. Parent discussion of the future was broad and rooted in hope and spirituality. Clinician prognostic language was narrowly focused and probabilistic. Second, we identified barriers and facilitators to a shared understanding of infant outcome. Clinicians perceived that parents were unaware of or unable to process important information about the big picture. Parents valued consistent therapeutic relationships; transitions of care and underused roles of the care team undermined this consistency. Clinical uncertainty forced parents and clinicians to "wait and see" about the future. CONCLUSIONS: Parents and clinicians discuss and weigh information about the future differently from each other as they consider choices for extremely premature infants. Future work should characterize the impact of these differences on prognostic communication and decision-making. |
Panagiotou, Orestis A; Kumar, Amit; Gutman, Roee; Keohane, Laura M; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Rahman, Momotazur; Gozalo, Pedro L; Mor, Vincent; Trivedi, Amal N Hospital Readmission Rates in Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare: A Retrospective Population-Based Analysis Journal Article Annals of Internal Medicine, 171 (2), pp. 99-106, 2019. @article{Panagiotou2019, title = {Hospital Readmission Rates in Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare: A Retrospective Population-Based Analysis}, author = {Orestis A. Panagiotou and Amit Kumar and Roee Gutman and Laura M. Keohane and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Momotazur Rahman and Pedro L. Gozalo and Vincent Mor and Amal N. Trivedi}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31234205/}, doi = {10.7326/M18-1795}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-25}, journal = {Annals of Internal Medicine}, volume = {171}, number = {2}, pages = {99-106}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Young, Belinda-Rose; Gwede, Clement K; Thomas, Bria; Vázquez-Otero, Coralia; Ewing, Aldenise; Best, Alicia L; Claudia X. Aguado Loi and, Dinorah Martinez-Tyson ; Schneider, Tali; Meade, Cathy D; Baldwin, Julie A; Bryant, Carol Front Public Health, 2019. @article{Young2019, title = {A Systematic Review of U.S.-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake Intervention Systematic Reviews: Available Evidence and Lessons Learned for Research and Practice.}, author = {Belinda-Rose Young and Clement K. Gwede and Bria Thomas and Coralia Vázquez-Otero and Aldenise Ewing and Alicia L. Best and Claudia X. Aguado Loi and, Dinorah Martinez-Tyson and Tali Schneider and Cathy D. Meade and Julie A. Baldwin and Carol Bryant}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31245345}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2019.00145}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-11}, journal = {Front Public Health}, abstract = {Background: We examined colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) intervention effectiveness, through the effect sizes associated with: (1) screening modality, (2) intervention level (e.g., client-directed), and (3) intervention component (e.g. client reminders) within published CRCS intervention systematic reviews (SRs). Methods: A search of peer-reviewed CRCS SRs that were written in English was employed utilizing five databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, rTIPS, PubMed, and PsycINFO EBSCOHOST. SRs that included CRCS interventions with a randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, or single arm design were eligible. Data on effect sizes by screening modality, intervention level, and intervention component were extracted and synthesized. Results: There were 16 eligible CRCS intervention SRs that included 116 studies published between 1986 and 2013. Reviews organized data by CRCS screening modality, or intervention component. Effect size reporting varied by format (i.e., ranges, medians of multiple studies, or effect size per study), and groupings of modalities and components. Overall, the largest effect sizes were for studies that utilized a combination of colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and sigmoidoscopy as screening options (16-45 percentage point difference). Conclusions: Evidence suggests that CRCS interventions which include a combination of screening modalities may be most effective. This is the first SR to examine effect sizes of published CRCS SRs. However, because some SRs did not report effect sizes and there were tremendous variability reporting formats among those that did, a standard reporting format is warranted. Synthesizing findings can contribute to improved knowledge of evidence-based best-practices, direct translation of findings into policy and practice, and guide further research in CRCS.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: We examined colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) intervention effectiveness, through the effect sizes associated with: (1) screening modality, (2) intervention level (e.g., client-directed), and (3) intervention component (e.g. client reminders) within published CRCS intervention systematic reviews (SRs). Methods: A search of peer-reviewed CRCS SRs that were written in English was employed utilizing five databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, rTIPS, PubMed, and PsycINFO EBSCOHOST. SRs that included CRCS interventions with a randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, or single arm design were eligible. Data on effect sizes by screening modality, intervention level, and intervention component were extracted and synthesized. Results: There were 16 eligible CRCS intervention SRs that included 116 studies published between 1986 and 2013. Reviews organized data by CRCS screening modality, or intervention component. Effect size reporting varied by format (i.e., ranges, medians of multiple studies, or effect size per study), and groupings of modalities and components. Overall, the largest effect sizes were for studies that utilized a combination of colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and sigmoidoscopy as screening options (16-45 percentage point difference). Conclusions: Evidence suggests that CRCS interventions which include a combination of screening modalities may be most effective. This is the first SR to examine effect sizes of published CRCS SRs. However, because some SRs did not report effect sizes and there were tremendous variability reporting formats among those that did, a standard reporting format is warranted. Synthesizing findings can contribute to improved knowledge of evidence-based best-practices, direct translation of findings into policy and practice, and guide further research in CRCS. |
Lam, Felix; Pro, George; Agrawal, Shreya; Shastri, Vishal Dev; Wentworth, Leslie; Stanley, Melinda; Beri, Nitin; Tupe, Abhishek; Mishra, Ashutosh; Subramaniam, Hamsa; Schroder, Kate; Prescott, Marta Rose; Trikha, Naresh Journal of Global Health, 9 (1), 2019. @article{Lam2019, title = {Effect of enhanced detailing and mass media on community use of oral rehydration salts and zinc during a scale-up program in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.}, author = {Felix Lam and George Pro and Shreya Agrawal and Vishal Dev Shastri and Leslie Wentworth and Melinda Stanley and Nitin Beri and Abhishek Tupe and Ashutosh Mishra and Hamsa Subramaniam and Kate Schroder and Marta Rose Prescott and Naresh Trikha}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30546870}, doi = {10.7189/jogh.09.010501}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-09}, journal = {Journal of Global Health}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, abstract = {Background: The Clinton Health Access Initiative implemented a program from 2012-2016 to increase use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc to treat diarrhea in children under five in three states in India: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. The program interventions included detailing and development of a rural supply chain to reach private rural health care providers, training of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), technical support to the state governments, and a mass media campaign targeted at caregivers. In Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, some of the program activities, such as detailing and ASHA trainings, were targeted to high-burden focal districts, thus providing an opportunity to study their effect compared to statewide activities that covered all districts, such as the mass media campaign. Our study aimed to estimate the effect of activities on ORS and zinc use. Methods: Household surveys were conducted at two points during the program and in both focal and non-focal districts. We used a difference-in-difference quasi-experimental approach to estimate the effect of the enhanced activities in focal districts and mass media campaign on the odds of a child being treated with ORS and zinc. Findings: Focal district interventions were associated with a significant increase in the odds of a diarrhea episode receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Living in focal districts increased the odds of receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh by factors of 3.42 (95% CI = 1.39-8.33) and 2.29 (95% CI = 1.19-4.39), respectively. Focal district interventions were also associated with 15.02 (95% CI = 2.97-75.19) greater odds of receiving both ORS and zinc in Gujarat. In Uttar Pradesh, where the mass media campaign was focused, exposure to the campaign further modified the odds of receiving ORS and combined ORS and zinc by 1.38 (95% CI = 1.04-1.84) and 1.57 (95% CI = 1.01-2.46), respectively. Conclusion: Comprehensive public and private provider interventions combined with mass media are effective strategies for increasing ORS and zinc use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: The Clinton Health Access Initiative implemented a program from 2012-2016 to increase use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc to treat diarrhea in children under five in three states in India: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. The program interventions included detailing and development of a rural supply chain to reach private rural health care providers, training of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), technical support to the state governments, and a mass media campaign targeted at caregivers. In Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, some of the program activities, such as detailing and ASHA trainings, were targeted to high-burden focal districts, thus providing an opportunity to study their effect compared to statewide activities that covered all districts, such as the mass media campaign. Our study aimed to estimate the effect of activities on ORS and zinc use. Methods: Household surveys were conducted at two points during the program and in both focal and non-focal districts. We used a difference-in-difference quasi-experimental approach to estimate the effect of the enhanced activities in focal districts and mass media campaign on the odds of a child being treated with ORS and zinc. Findings: Focal district interventions were associated with a significant increase in the odds of a diarrhea episode receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Living in focal districts increased the odds of receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh by factors of 3.42 (95% CI = 1.39-8.33) and 2.29 (95% CI = 1.19-4.39), respectively. Focal district interventions were also associated with 15.02 (95% CI = 2.97-75.19) greater odds of receiving both ORS and zinc in Gujarat. In Uttar Pradesh, where the mass media campaign was focused, exposure to the campaign further modified the odds of receiving ORS and combined ORS and zinc by 1.38 (95% CI = 1.04-1.84) and 1.57 (95% CI = 1.01-2.46), respectively. Conclusion: Comprehensive public and private provider interventions combined with mass media are effective strategies for increasing ORS and zinc use. |
Camplain, Ricky; Baldwin, Julie A; Warren, Meghan; Camplain, Carolyn Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue Journal Article Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16 (5), pp. 306-307, 2019. @article{Camplain2019, title = {Physical Activity in People Who Are Incarcerated: A Social Justice Issue}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Julie A Baldwin and Meghan Warren and Carolyn Camplain}, url = {https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/full/10.1123/jpah.2019-0055}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-05}, journal = {Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, pages = {306-307}, abstract = {Every year, approximately 12 million Americans cycle in and out of jail (ie, short-term facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial and/or sentenced to a term of less than 1 y).1 Although jails allow incarcerated individuals’ recreation time to engage in physical activity,2 it is not clear to what extent these opportunities are utilized. This potential lack of engagement in physical activity is concerning, especially as some of the benefits of physical activity are immediate and may improve the day-to-day life for those who are incarcerated. For example, a single bout of moderate to vigorous physical activity will reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, improve sleep and cognition, and reduce symptoms of anxiety symptoms and anger.3 Unfortunately, use of recreation time in the jail setting has not been described previously, thereby precluding an important area for policy intervention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Every year, approximately 12 million Americans cycle in and out of jail (ie, short-term facilities that hold individuals awaiting trial and/or sentenced to a term of less than 1 y).1 Although jails allow incarcerated individuals’ recreation time to engage in physical activity,2 it is not clear to what extent these opportunities are utilized. This potential lack of engagement in physical activity is concerning, especially as some of the benefits of physical activity are immediate and may improve the day-to-day life for those who are incarcerated. For example, a single bout of moderate to vigorous physical activity will reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, improve sleep and cognition, and reduce symptoms of anxiety symptoms and anger.3 Unfortunately, use of recreation time in the jail setting has not been described previously, thereby precluding an important area for policy intervention. |
A, Kumar; D, Adhikari; A, Karmarkar; J, Freburger; P, Gozalo; V, Mor; L, Resnik Variation in Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke in the United States Journal Article Physical Therapy, 99 (5), pp. 494-506, 2019. @article{A2019b, title = {Variation in Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke in the United States}, author = {Kumar A and Adhikari D and Karmarkar A and Freburger J and Gozalo P and Mor V and Resnik L }, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31089705}, doi = {10.1093/ptj/pzz014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-01}, journal = {Physical Therapy}, volume = {99}, number = {5}, pages = {494-506}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Camplain, Ricky; Warren, Meghan; Baldwin, Julie; Camplain, Carolyn; Fofanov, Viacheslav Y; Trotter, Robert T Epidemiology of incarceration Characterizing jail incarceration for public health research Journal Article Epidemiology, 2019. @article{Camplain2019d, title = {Epidemiology of incarceration Characterizing jail incarceration for public health research}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Meghan Warren and Julie Baldwin and Carolyn Camplain and Viacheslav Y Fofanov and Robert T Trotter}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/2019/07000/Epidemiology_of_Incarceration__Characterizing_Jail.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/EDE.0000000000001021}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-08}, journal = {Epidemiology}, abstract = {Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to re-incarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001-2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was 1 (Interquartile range (IQR) 1, 2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR 0, 5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR 1, 23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been re-incarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Each year, 9 million individuals cycle in and out of jails. The under-characterization of incarceration as an exposure poses substantial challenges to understanding how varying levels of exposure to jail may affect health. Thus, we characterized levels of jail incarceration including recidivism, number of incarcerations, total and average number of days incarcerated, and time to re-incarceration. Methods: We created a cohort of 75,203 individuals incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona, from 2001-2018 from jail intake and release records. Results: The median number of incarcerations during the study period was 1 (Interquartile range (IQR) 1, 2). Forty percent of individuals had >1 incarceration. The median length of stay for first observed incarcerations was 1 day (IQR 0, 5). The median total days incarcerated was 3 (IQR 1, 23). Average length of stay increased by number of incarcerations. By 18 months, 27% of our sample had been re-incarcerated. Conclusion: Characteristics of jail incarceration have been largely left out of public health research. A better understanding of jail incarcerations can help design analyses to assess health outcomes of individuals incarcerated in jail. Our study is an early step in shaping an understanding of jail incarceration as an exposure for future epidemiologic research. |
Gilbert, Paul A; Pro, George; Zemore, Sarah E; Mulia, Nina; Brown, Grant Gender Differences in Use of Alcohol Treatment Services and Reasons for Nonuse in a National Sample. Journal Article Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 2019. @article{Gilbert2019, title = {Gender Differences in Use of Alcohol Treatment Services and Reasons for Nonuse in a National Sample.}, author = {Paul A. Gilbert and George Pro and Sarah E. Zemore and Nina Mulia and Grant Brown}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30807660}, doi = { 10.1111/acer.13965}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-01}, journal = {Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The majority of adults with alcohol use disorders do not obtain help, and women are less likely to utilize alcohol services than men. We sought to quantify gender differences in alcohol services utilization, overall and by type, using national longitudinal data and to explore potential gender differences in perceived need for help and reasons for not seeking help. METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions from White, African American, and Hispanic adults (n = 2,592) who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence at Wave 1 (2000 to 2001). We tested gender differences in Wave 2 (2004 to 2005) services utilization, perceived need for help, and treatment barriers using Rao-Scott chi-square tests and assessed predictors of outcomes in multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for problem severity, co-occurring disorders, and demographics. RESULTS: Women had much lower odds than men of utilizing any alcohol service (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.33, 0.86), specialty services (aOR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19, 0.87), and 12-step groups (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21, 0.71). Perceived need for help among those who had not used any services was very low (5%), with no gender difference. Further, men and women reported equivalent numbers of treatment barriers and the same rank order for the most frequently endorsed barriers. However, women were twice as likely as men to think a problem would get better by itself-the most frequent reason for not seeking help (47% vs. 24%, p < 0.001), and men were more likely than women to report unsuccessful past help-seeking and not thinking anyone could help (19% vs. 3%, p < 0.001 and 17% vs. 5%, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous studies, women were less likely to utilize alcohol services than men. Future interventions should address low problem recognition, and tailoring to gender-specific barriers may help close the disparity in services utilization.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The majority of adults with alcohol use disorders do not obtain help, and women are less likely to utilize alcohol services than men. We sought to quantify gender differences in alcohol services utilization, overall and by type, using national longitudinal data and to explore potential gender differences in perceived need for help and reasons for not seeking help. METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions from White, African American, and Hispanic adults (n = 2,592) who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence at Wave 1 (2000 to 2001). We tested gender differences in Wave 2 (2004 to 2005) services utilization, perceived need for help, and treatment barriers using Rao-Scott chi-square tests and assessed predictors of outcomes in multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for problem severity, co-occurring disorders, and demographics. RESULTS: Women had much lower odds than men of utilizing any alcohol service (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.33, 0.86), specialty services (aOR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19, 0.87), and 12-step groups (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21, 0.71). Perceived need for help among those who had not used any services was very low (5%), with no gender difference. Further, men and women reported equivalent numbers of treatment barriers and the same rank order for the most frequently endorsed barriers. However, women were twice as likely as men to think a problem would get better by itself-the most frequent reason for not seeking help (47% vs. 24%, p < 0.001), and men were more likely than women to report unsuccessful past help-seeking and not thinking anyone could help (19% vs. 3%, p < 0.001 and 17% vs. 5%, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous studies, women were less likely to utilize alcohol services than men. Future interventions should address low problem recognition, and tailoring to gender-specific barriers may help close the disparity in services utilization. |
Manda-Taylor, Lucinda; Liomba, Alice; Taylor, Terrie E; Elwell, Kristan Barriers and Facilitators to Obtaining Informed Consent in a Critical Care Pediatric Research Ward in Southern Malawi Journal Article Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 14 (2), pp. 152-168 , 2019. @article{Manda-Taylor2019, title = {Barriers and Facilitators to Obtaining Informed Consent in a Critical Care Pediatric Research Ward in Southern Malawi }, author = {Lucinda Manda-Taylor and Alice Liomba and Terrie E. Taylor and Kristan Elwell}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1556264619830859}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1556264619830859}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-19}, journal = {Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {152-168 }, abstract = {Informed consent is an ethical requirement in clinical research. Obtaining informed consent is challenging in resource-constrained settings. We report results of a formative qualitative study that examined factors that facilitate and hinder informed consent for clinical research among critically ill children in Malawi. We argue that truly informed consent in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is challenged by parental distress, time constraints when balancing care for critically ill patients with research-related tasks, and social hierarchies and community mistrust toward certain research procedures. We interviewed health care providers and parents of children attending a critical care unit to identify potential challenges and solicit strategies for addressing them. Providers and caregivers suggested practical solutions to enhance research participant understanding of clinical trial research, including the use of visual materials, community engagement strategies, and using patients as advocates in promoting understanding of research procedures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Informed consent is an ethical requirement in clinical research. Obtaining informed consent is challenging in resource-constrained settings. We report results of a formative qualitative study that examined factors that facilitate and hinder informed consent for clinical research among critically ill children in Malawi. We argue that truly informed consent in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is challenged by parental distress, time constraints when balancing care for critically ill patients with research-related tasks, and social hierarchies and community mistrust toward certain research procedures. We interviewed health care providers and parents of children attending a critical care unit to identify potential challenges and solicit strategies for addressing them. Providers and caregivers suggested practical solutions to enhance research participant understanding of clinical trial research, including the use of visual materials, community engagement strategies, and using patients as advocates in promoting understanding of research procedures. |
Williamson, Heather J; Fisher, Kim W; Madhavni, Devanshi; Talarico, Lori Inclusion, 7 (1), pp. 24-40, 2019. @article{Williamson2019, title = {#ADA25 Campaign: Using Social Media to Promote Participation, Social Inclusion, and Civic Engagement of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, author = {Heather J Williamson and Kim W Fisher and Devanshi Madhavni and Lori Talarico}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/1/44}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16010044}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-01}, journal = {Inclusion}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {24-40}, abstract = {Social media is used for civic engagement and building social inclusion. Twitter is one social media tool that facilitates conversations on important societal events. A digital divide between the general population and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) remains. Given the divide, we sought to understand the inclusion of the community of people with IDD in the conversations around the 25th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). We conducted a content analysis of tweets associated with the anniversary and few tweets referenced the community of people with IDD. Our findings suggest that people with IDD are not included in larger civic conversations. Implications include targeted social media training for people with IDD and their support networks.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Social media is used for civic engagement and building social inclusion. Twitter is one social media tool that facilitates conversations on important societal events. A digital divide between the general population and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) remains. Given the divide, we sought to understand the inclusion of the community of people with IDD in the conversations around the 25th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). We conducted a content analysis of tweets associated with the anniversary and few tweets referenced the community of people with IDD. Our findings suggest that people with IDD are not included in larger civic conversations. Implications include targeted social media training for people with IDD and their support networks. |
Dunn, Dorothy J; Schwartz, Anna; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Meyer, Linda A Visions: The Journal of Rogerian Scholar Science, 25 (2), pp. 16, 2019. @article{Dunn2019, title = {Educational Program to Build Resilience for Caregivers, Family Members, and Community Members in the Care of Elder Native Americans who are Experiencing Memory Loss and Cognitive Decline}, author = {Dorothy J Dunn and Anna Schwartz and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Linda A. Meyer }, url = {https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Educational+Program+to+Promote+Resilience+for+Caregivers%2C+Family...-a0583693719}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-01}, journal = {Visions: The Journal of Rogerian Scholar Science}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Partnering with Adopt-A-Native-Elder Program (ANE) afforded the opportunity for tribal and academic partners to explore the role of resilience in contributing positive health outcomes in the Navajo communities who are experience memory loss, cognitive decline, and/or dementia as they age. The purpose of this project was to provide an educational program to build and nurture resilience for caregivers and their Navajo Elder‘s in a manner to maintain their traditional spirit and cultural lifestyle. Using a community-based participatory framework grounded through the lens of compassion energy with ANE and focusing on Navajo Elder’s and their caregivers for this project allowed for a better sense of how caregiving for Native Elders with memory loss and cognitive decline is manifested and experienced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Partnering with Adopt-A-Native-Elder Program (ANE) afforded the opportunity for tribal and academic partners to explore the role of resilience in contributing positive health outcomes in the Navajo communities who are experience memory loss, cognitive decline, and/or dementia as they age. The purpose of this project was to provide an educational program to build and nurture resilience for caregivers and their Navajo Elder‘s in a manner to maintain their traditional spirit and cultural lifestyle. Using a community-based participatory framework grounded through the lens of compassion energy with ANE and focusing on Navajo Elder’s and their caregivers for this project allowed for a better sense of how caregiving for Native Elders with memory loss and cognitive decline is manifested and experienced. |
Hulen, Elizabeth; Hardy, Lisa J; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Schwartz, Anna L; Begay, Cruz R Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR): A Dynamic Process of Health care, Provider Perceptions and American Indian Patients' Resilience Journal Article Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 30 (1), pp. 221-237, 2019. @article{Hulen2019, title = {Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR): A Dynamic Process of Health care, Provider Perceptions and American Indian Patients' Resilience}, author = {Elizabeth Hulen and Lisa J Hardy and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Priscilla R Sanderson and Anna L Schwartz and Cruz R Begay}, url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/717742}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {221-237}, abstract = {American Indians are disproportionately affected by factors that lead to health disparities, however many Native people demonstrate resilience when faced with health risks. Study objectives were to use a resilience framework to identify wellness strategies among American Indian people and to assess health care provider perceptions of American Indian wellness. Participants included 39 American Indian adults who self-reported resilient change and 22 health care providers who served American Indian patients. Thematic categories across American Indian and health care provider data were identified: 1) relationships inform resilience; 2) prejudice stymies resilience; and 3) place shapes resilience. Results indicated the salience of relationships in demonstrating resilience. Identified challenges and supporters of resilience are discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indians are disproportionately affected by factors that lead to health disparities, however many Native people demonstrate resilience when faced with health risks. Study objectives were to use a resilience framework to identify wellness strategies among American Indian people and to assess health care provider perceptions of American Indian wellness. Participants included 39 American Indian adults who self-reported resilient change and 22 health care providers who served American Indian patients. Thematic categories across American Indian and health care provider data were identified: 1) relationships inform resilience; 2) prejudice stymies resilience; and 3) place shapes resilience. Results indicated the salience of relationships in demonstrating resilience. Identified challenges and supporters of resilience are discussed. |
Cordova-Marks, Felina M; Harris, Robin; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Norton, Beatrice; Mastergeorge, Ann M; Gerald, Lynn Characteristics of American Indian Female Caregivers on a Southwest American Indian Reservation Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 44 (1), pp. 52-60, 2019. @article{Cordova-Marks2019, title = {Characteristics of American Indian Female Caregivers on a Southwest American Indian Reservation}, author = {Felina M Cordova-Marks and Robin Harris and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Beatrice Norton and Ann M Mastergeorge and Lynn Gerald}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-018-0552-7}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {52-60}, abstract = {American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress. |
Davis, Kelly J; Green, Robert C; Kirby, Christine; McGuire, Amy L; Richardson, Ian J; Ubel, Peter A; Vassy, Jason How Primary Care Providers Talk to Patients about Genome Sequencing Results: Risk, Rationale, and Recommendation Journal Article Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33 (6), pp. 877-885, 2019. @article{Davis2019, title = {How Primary Care Providers Talk to Patients about Genome Sequencing Results: Risk, Rationale, and Recommendation}, author = {J. Kelly Davis and Robert C. Green and Christine Kirby and Amy L. McGuire and Ian J. Richardson and Peter A. Ubel and Jason Vassy}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374360}, doi = {10.1007/s11606-017-4295-4}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-26}, journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine}, volume = {33}, number = {6}, pages = {877-885}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genomics will play an increasingly prominent role in clinical medicine. OBJECTIVE: To describe how primary care physicians (PCPs) discuss and make clinical recommendations about genome sequencing results. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis. PARTICIPANTS: PCPs and their generally healthy patients undergoing genome sequencing. APPROACH: Patients received clinical genome reports that included four categories of results: monogenic disease risk variants (if present), carrier status, five pharmacogenetics results, and polygenic risk estimates for eight cardiometabolic traits. Patients' office visits with their PCPs were audio-recorded, and summative content analysis was used to describe how PCPs discussed genomic results. KEY RESULTS: For each genomic result discussed in 48 PCP-patient visits, we identified a "take-home" message (recommendation), categorized as continuing current management, further treatment, further evaluation, behavior change, remembering for future care, or sharing with family members. We analyzed how PCPs came to each recommendation by identifying 1) how they described the risk or importance of the given result and 2) the rationale they gave for translating that risk into a specific recommendation. Quantitative analysis showed that continuing current management was the most commonly coded recommendation across results overall (492/749, 66%) and for each individual result type except monogenic disease risk results. Pharmacogenetics was the most common result type to prompt a recommendation to remember for future care (94/119, 79%); carrier status was the most common type prompting a recommendation to share with family members (45/54, 83%); and polygenic results were the most common type prompting a behavior change recommendation (55/58, 95%). One-fifth of recommendation codes associated with monogenic results were for further evaluation (6/24, 25%). Rationales for these recommendations included patient context, family context, and scientific/clinical limitations of sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: PCPs distinguish substantive differences among categories of genome sequencing results and use clinical judgment to justify continuing current management in generally healthy patients with genomic results.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Genomics will play an increasingly prominent role in clinical medicine. OBJECTIVE: To describe how primary care physicians (PCPs) discuss and make clinical recommendations about genome sequencing results. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis. PARTICIPANTS: PCPs and their generally healthy patients undergoing genome sequencing. APPROACH: Patients received clinical genome reports that included four categories of results: monogenic disease risk variants (if present), carrier status, five pharmacogenetics results, and polygenic risk estimates for eight cardiometabolic traits. Patients' office visits with their PCPs were audio-recorded, and summative content analysis was used to describe how PCPs discussed genomic results. KEY RESULTS: For each genomic result discussed in 48 PCP-patient visits, we identified a "take-home" message (recommendation), categorized as continuing current management, further treatment, further evaluation, behavior change, remembering for future care, or sharing with family members. We analyzed how PCPs came to each recommendation by identifying 1) how they described the risk or importance of the given result and 2) the rationale they gave for translating that risk into a specific recommendation. Quantitative analysis showed that continuing current management was the most commonly coded recommendation across results overall (492/749, 66%) and for each individual result type except monogenic disease risk results. Pharmacogenetics was the most common result type to prompt a recommendation to remember for future care (94/119, 79%); carrier status was the most common type prompting a recommendation to share with family members (45/54, 83%); and polygenic results were the most common type prompting a behavior change recommendation (55/58, 95%). One-fifth of recommendation codes associated with monogenic results were for further evaluation (6/24, 25%). Rationales for these recommendations included patient context, family context, and scientific/clinical limitations of sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: PCPs distinguish substantive differences among categories of genome sequencing results and use clinical judgment to justify continuing current management in generally healthy patients with genomic results. |
A, Kumar; L, Resnik; Karmarkar A, Freburger J; D, Adhikari; V, Mor; P, Gozalo Use of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services and Hospital Readmission Following Ischemic Stroke in the United States Journal Article Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 100 (7), pp. 1218-1225, 2019. @article{A2019, title = {Use of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Services and Hospital Readmission Following Ischemic Stroke in the United States}, author = {Kumar A and Resnik L and Karmarkar A, Freburger J and Adhikari D and Mor V and Gozalo P}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30684485}, doi = {10.1016/j.apmr.2018.12.028}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-24}, journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation}, volume = {100}, number = {7}, pages = {1218-1225}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Wilson, Jamie; Sabo, Samantha; Chief, Carmenlita; Clark, Hershel; Yazzie, Alfred; Nahee, Jacqueline; Leischow, Scott; Henderson, Patricia Nez DINÉ (NAVAJO) HEALER PERSPECTIVES ON COMMERCIAL TOBACCO USE IN CEREMONIAL SETTINGS: AN ORAL STORY PROJECT TO PROMOTE SMOKE-FREE LIFE Journal Article American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 26 (1), pp. 63-78, 2019. @article{Wilson2019, title = {DINÉ (NAVAJO) HEALER PERSPECTIVES ON COMMERCIAL TOBACCO USE IN CEREMONIAL SETTINGS: AN ORAL STORY PROJECT TO PROMOTE SMOKE-FREE LIFE}, author = {Jamie Wilson and Samantha Sabo and Carmenlita Chief and Hershel Clark and Alfred Yazzie and Jacqueline Nahee and Scott Leischow and Patricia Nez Henderson}, url = {http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/PublicHealth/research/centers/CAIANH/journal/Documents/Volume-26/26_1_2019_63_wilson.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {63-78}, abstract = {Many American Indian (AI) healers are faced with a dilemma of how to maintain the ceremonial uses of traditional tobacco meant to encourage the restoration and balance of mind, body, and spirit, while discouraging commercial tobacco use and protecting against secondhand smoke exposure in ceremonial settings. To explore this dilemma and offer culturally informed solutions, researchers conducted qualitative interviews with Navajo healers who describe the history and role of commercial tobacco within ceremonial contexts. Healers understand the importance of their role on their community’s health and expressed deep concern about the use of commercial tobacco in the ceremonial setting. Healers play an important role in curbing the use of commercial tobacco and limiting the exposure to secondhand smoke in ceremonial settings and beyond. Study implications include the importance of understanding traditional and cultural knowledge and its potential as a pathway to solve contemporary public health issues facing AI communities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many American Indian (AI) healers are faced with a dilemma of how to maintain the ceremonial uses of traditional tobacco meant to encourage the restoration and balance of mind, body, and spirit, while discouraging commercial tobacco use and protecting against secondhand smoke exposure in ceremonial settings. To explore this dilemma and offer culturally informed solutions, researchers conducted qualitative interviews with Navajo healers who describe the history and role of commercial tobacco within ceremonial contexts. Healers understand the importance of their role on their community’s health and expressed deep concern about the use of commercial tobacco in the ceremonial setting. Healers play an important role in curbing the use of commercial tobacco and limiting the exposure to secondhand smoke in ceremonial settings and beyond. Study implications include the importance of understanding traditional and cultural knowledge and its potential as a pathway to solve contemporary public health issues facing AI communities. |
Valdez, Elizabeth Salerno; Sabo, Samantha; Butler, Matthew; Camplain, Ricky; Simpson, Rosi; Castro, Yara Perinatal Depression Symptom Prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico Border Journal Article Journal of Rural Mental Health, 43 (1), pp. 38-44, 2019. @article{Valdez2019, title = {Perinatal Depression Symptom Prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico Border}, author = {Elizabeth Salerno Valdez and Samantha Sabo and Matthew Butler and Ricky Camplain and Rosi Simpson and Yara Castro}, editor = {PhD James L. Werth}, url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-06780-004?doi=1}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Rural Mental Health}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {38-44}, abstract = {At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Schwartz, Anna L; Hardy, Lisa J; Heer, Hendrik De D; Williamson, Heather J; Dunn, Dorothy J; Polingyumptewa, Kellen; Chief, Carmenlita Supporting New Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (1), pp. 44, 2019. @article{Teufel-Shone2019, title = {Supporting New Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships}, author = {Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Anna L Schwartz and Lisa J Hardy and Hendrik De D Heer and Heather J Williamson and Dorothy J Dunn and Kellen Polingyumptewa and Carmenlita Chief}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/1/44/htm}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {44}, abstract = {Marginalized communities have a documented distrust of research grounded in negative portrayals in the academic literature. Yet, trusted partnerships, the foundation for Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), require time to build the capacity for joint decision-making, equitable involvement of academically trained and community investigators, and co-learning. Trust can be difficult to develop within the short time between a funding opportunity announcement and application submission. Resources to support community- and academic-based investigators’ time to discuss contexts, concerns, integration of expertise and locally acceptable research designs and data collection are limited. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded Center for American Indian Resilience and the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative have implemented an internal funding mechanism to support community and academic-based investigators’ travel cost and time to discuss complementary areas of interest and skills and to decide if moving forward with a partnership and a collaborative grant proposal would be beneficial to the community. The rationale and administration of this Community-Campus Partnership Support (CCPS) Program are described and four examples of supported efforts are provided. Centers and training programs frequently fund pilot grants to support junior investigators and/or exploratory research. This CCPS mechanism should be considered as precursor to pilot work, to stimulate partnership building without the pressure of an approaching grant application deadline.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Marginalized communities have a documented distrust of research grounded in negative portrayals in the academic literature. Yet, trusted partnerships, the foundation for Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), require time to build the capacity for joint decision-making, equitable involvement of academically trained and community investigators, and co-learning. Trust can be difficult to develop within the short time between a funding opportunity announcement and application submission. Resources to support community- and academic-based investigators’ time to discuss contexts, concerns, integration of expertise and locally acceptable research designs and data collection are limited. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded Center for American Indian Resilience and the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative have implemented an internal funding mechanism to support community and academic-based investigators’ travel cost and time to discuss complementary areas of interest and skills and to decide if moving forward with a partnership and a collaborative grant proposal would be beneficial to the community. The rationale and administration of this Community-Campus Partnership Support (CCPS) Program are described and four examples of supported efforts are provided. Centers and training programs frequently fund pilot grants to support junior investigators and/or exploratory research. This CCPS mechanism should be considered as precursor to pilot work, to stimulate partnership building without the pressure of an approaching grant application deadline. |
Valdez, Elizabeth Salerno; Sabo, Samantha; Butler, Matthew; Camplain, Ricky; Simpson, Rosi; Castro, Yara Perinatal depression symptom prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico border Journal Article Journal of Rural Mental Health, 43 (1), pp. 38-44, 2019. @article{Valdez2019c, title = {Perinatal depression symptom prevalence on the U.S.–Mexico border}, author = {Elizabeth Salerno Valdez and Samantha Sabo and Matthew Butler and Ricky Camplain and Rosi Simpson and Yara Castro}, editor = {James L. Werth}, url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-06780-004?doi=1}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000107}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = { Journal of Rural Mental Health}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {38-44}, abstract = {At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } At the U.S.–Mexico border, immigration policies have been documented to exacerbate health inequities among immigrant communities. We examined the prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin mothers living on the U.S.–Mexico border. Data for 1,629 pre- and postnatal women were drawn from a Community Health Worker Home Visiting Program from 2008 to 2016. Participants were screened for perinatal depressive symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals for prenatal and postnatal depression scores were estimated among women with prenatal depression scores only, postnatal depression scores only, and among women with both prenatal and postnatal scores by year and by participant characteristics. Participants were predominantly Mexican, Spanish-speaking, unmarried, with less than high school education, and with an annual income of less than $15,000. Prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores indicating low risk for depression (i.e., 0–5) ranged from 59.4% to 64.8% and 62.2% to 71.9%, respectively. Moderate risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., 6–12) ranged from 28.6% to 32.1% and 22.8% to 25.6%, respectively. High-risk prenatal and postnatal EPDS scores (i.e., ≥13) ranged from 6.6% to 8.5% and 5.3% to 12.3%, respectively. In the context of a proliferation of anti-immigrant policies that jeopardize social determinants of maternal well-being, we observed a sustained upward trend in mean EPDS scores. U.S.–Mexico border women may be at particular risk for discrimination, stress, and victimization because of U.S. immigration and border security policies. This brief report generates a baseline prevalence of perinatal depressive symptomatology among women of Mexican origin and offers public health research explanations for maternal mental well-being at the U.S.–Mexico border. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) |
Lam, Felix; Pro, George; Agrawal, Shreya; Shastri, Vishal Dev; Wentworth, Leslie; Stanley, Melinda; Beri, Nitin; Tupe, Abhishek; Mishra, Ashutosh; Subramaniam, Hamsa; Schroder, Kate; Prescott, Marta Rose; Trikha, Naresh Journal of Global Health, 9 (1), 2018. @article{Lam2018, title = {Effect of enhanced detailing and mass media on community use of oral rehydration salts and zinc during a scale-up program in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh}, author = {Felix Lam and George Pro and Shreya Agrawal and Vishal Dev Shastri and Leslie Wentworth and Melinda Stanley and Nitin Beri and Abhishek Tupe and Ashutosh Mishra and Hamsa Subramaniam and Kate Schroder and Marta Rose Prescott and Naresh Trikha}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6287208/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-10}, journal = {Journal of Global Health}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, abstract = {Background The Clinton Health Access Initiative implemented a program from 2012-2016 to increase use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc to treat diarrhea in children under five in three states in India: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. The program interventions included detailing and development of a rural supply chain to reach private rural health care providers, training of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), technical support to the state governments, and a mass media campaign targeted at caregivers. In Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, some of the program activities, such as detailing and ASHA trainings, were targeted to high-burden focal districts, thus providing an opportunity to study their effect compared to statewide activities that covered all districts, such as the mass media campaign. Our study aimed to estimate the effect of activities on ORS and zinc use. Methods Household surveys were conducted at two points during the program and in both focal and non-focal districts. We used a difference-in-difference quasi-experimental approach to estimate the effect of the enhanced activities in focal districts and mass media campaign on the odds of a child being treated with ORS and zinc. Findings Focal district interventions were associated with a significant increase in the odds of a diarrhea episode receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Living in focal districts increased the odds of receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh by factors of 3.42 (95% CI = 1.39-8.33) and 2.29 (95% CI = 1.19-4.39), respectively. Focal district interventions were also associated with 15.02 (95% CI = 2.97-75.19) greater odds of receiving both ORS and zinc in Gujarat. In Uttar Pradesh, where the mass media campaign was focused, exposure to the campaign further modified the odds of receiving ORS and combined ORS and zinc by 1.38 (95% CI = 1.04-1.84) and 1.57 (95% CI = 1.01-2.46), respectively. Conclusion Comprehensive public and private provider interventions combined with mass media are effective strategies for increasing ORS and zinc use.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background The Clinton Health Access Initiative implemented a program from 2012-2016 to increase use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc to treat diarrhea in children under five in three states in India: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. The program interventions included detailing and development of a rural supply chain to reach private rural health care providers, training of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), technical support to the state governments, and a mass media campaign targeted at caregivers. In Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, some of the program activities, such as detailing and ASHA trainings, were targeted to high-burden focal districts, thus providing an opportunity to study their effect compared to statewide activities that covered all districts, such as the mass media campaign. Our study aimed to estimate the effect of activities on ORS and zinc use. Methods Household surveys were conducted at two points during the program and in both focal and non-focal districts. We used a difference-in-difference quasi-experimental approach to estimate the effect of the enhanced activities in focal districts and mass media campaign on the odds of a child being treated with ORS and zinc. Findings Focal district interventions were associated with a significant increase in the odds of a diarrhea episode receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Living in focal districts increased the odds of receiving ORS in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh by factors of 3.42 (95% CI = 1.39-8.33) and 2.29 (95% CI = 1.19-4.39), respectively. Focal district interventions were also associated with 15.02 (95% CI = 2.97-75.19) greater odds of receiving both ORS and zinc in Gujarat. In Uttar Pradesh, where the mass media campaign was focused, exposure to the campaign further modified the odds of receiving ORS and combined ORS and zinc by 1.38 (95% CI = 1.04-1.84) and 1.57 (95% CI = 1.01-2.46), respectively. Conclusion Comprehensive public and private provider interventions combined with mass media are effective strategies for increasing ORS and zinc use. |
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